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MODERNISM
“Modernism released us from the constraints of everything that had gone before with a euphoric sense of freedom. ” Arthur Erickson
“War is the highest form of modern art.” Tommaso Marinetti, founder of Futurism
“In general, modern art... has been inspired by a natural desire to chart the uncharted.” Herbert Read
“On or about December 1910, human character changed….” Virginia Woolf
“Modern music is as dangerous as cocaine.” Pietro Mascagni
“The impulse of modern art is the desire to destroy beauty. ” Barnett Newman
“And yet what is Modernism? It is undefined. ”John C. Ransom
Science: An Indeterminate Universe
Quantum Physics – Max Planck Energy is not continuous, but comes in small but
discrete units. The elementary particles behave both like
particles and like waves. The movement of these particles is inherently
random. 3
Principle of Uncertainty – Werner HeisenbergIt is physically impossible to know both the
position and the momentum of a particle at the same time.
Theory of Relativity – Albert Einstein E=mc2
Energy = mass x speed of light squared
Psychology: Whither the Self?
Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis and
Dream Analysis – the Unconscious Mind
Psyche: Id Ego Superego
Oedipal Complex Repression and
Sublimation Civilization and Its
Discontents
Karl Jung
o Collective Unconscious
o Psyche: o Personao Animus/Animao Shadow
o Archetypes: primal patternso The Heroo The Trickstero The Great Mothero The Sage
o Myth, dreams, folklore
Motifs and Movements Fragmentation: Cubism Precision: Imagism Speed: Futurism Alienation/Angst: Expressionism Color: Fauvism Technology: Constructivism Functionalism: Bauhaus/International
Style Protest/Propaganda: Social Realism Chaos/Irrationality: Dadaism The Subconscious: Surrealism Form: Abstraction
Fragmentation:
Georges Bracque Woman with a Guitar, 1913
CUB ISM
Juan Gris, Still Life with Fruit Dish and Mandolin, 1919
Primitivism:
African Influence
s
Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907
Poetry: Imagism Discordant Abstract Open Verse Imagists:
Ezra Pound Amy Lowell H.D.
Heat by H. D.
O wind, rend open the heat, cut apart the heat, rend it to tatters.
Fruit cannot drop through this thick air– fruit cannot fall into heat that presses up and blunts the points of pears and rounds the grapes.
Cut the heat– plough through it, turning it on either side of your path.
Imagism“It is essential to prove that beauty may be in small, dry
things. The great aim is accurate, precise and definite
description.” – T.E. Hulme
IN A STATION OF THE METRO
The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet black bough. Ezra Pound
William Carlos Williams
“The Great Figure”Among the rainand lightsI saw the figure 5in goldon a redfire truckmovingtenseunheededto gong clangssiren howlsand wheels rumblingthrough the dark city
Charles Henry Demuth (1883-1935), I Saw the Figure Five in Gold
Speed: Futurism
Umberto Boccioni, Unique Forms of Continuity in Space, 1913“The cry of rebellion which we
utter associates our ideals with those of the Futurist poets. These ideas were not invented by some aesthetic clique. They are an expression of a violent desire, which burns in the veins of every creative artist today. ... We will fight with all our might the fanatical, senseless and snobbish religion of the past, a religion encouraged by the vicious existence of museums. We rebel against that spineless worshipping of old canvases, old statues and old bric-a-brac, against everything which is filthy and worm-ridden and corroded by time. We consider the habitual contempt for everything which is young, new and burning with life to be unjust and even criminal.”Filippo Tomaso Marinetti, The Futurist Manifesto, 1909
Vorticism
The cover of the first edition of BLAST, 1914.
The cover of the second edition of BLAST, 1915.
Alienation
Angst
Expressionism
Emil NoldeMaskenstilleben (Masks Still Life)1911
Theatre: Questions of Identity
Pirandello: Naked Masks Dramatic illusion What is real? What is identity behind
the social mask? Impossibility of
authentic communication Leads to Beckett’s
Theatre of the Absurd
Samuel Beckett, Endgame
Color: FauvismWoman with a Hat by Henri Matisse, 1905
La femme au grand chapeau (Woman with large hat) by Kees van Dongen, 1906
Fiction: Stream-of-Consciousness
“Let us record the atoms as they fall upon the mind in the order in which they fall, let us trace the pattern, however disconnected and incoherent in appearance, which each sight or incident scores upon the consciousness. Let us not take it for granted that life exists more fully in what is commonly thought big than in what is small” – Virginia Woolf “Modern Fiction”
Stream of Consciousness
James Joyce
Dorothy RichardsonVirginia
Woolf
William Faulkner
Technology: Constructivi
sm
Ilya Golosov, Zuyev Workers' Club, 1927Moscow
Functionalism: Bauhaus/International Style
Walter Gropius,The Bauhaus Building in Dessau, Germany
Commentary/Propaganda: Social Realism
Isabel Bishop, Office Girls, 1938Aaron Douglas, God’s Trombones, 1926
Strakhov, Emancipated Women Build Socialism, 1920
Rivera, The Arsenal, detail, 1928
Film: Propaganda and Satire
Leni Riefenstahl, The Triumph of the Will, 1934
Charlie Chaplin,1940
Photographyand
Photo-journalism
Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother
Epic Theatre: Bertolt Brecht
Socially Conscious
Didactic Dialectic Theatrical Borrows from
Cabaret
Mother Courage and Her Children, 1934
PROTEST: Picasso, Guernica
Chaos/Irrationality:
Dadaism Marcel Janco recalled,We had lost confidence in our culture. Everything had to be demolished. We would begin again after the "tabula rasa". At the Cabaret Voltaire we began by shocking common sense, public opinion, education, institutions, museums, good taste, in short, the whole prevailing order.
Dada is the groundwork to abstract art and sound poetry, a starting point for performance art, a prelude to postmodernism, an influence on pop art, a celebration of antiart to be later embraced for anarcho-political uses in the 1960s and the movement that lay the foundation for Surrealism.-Marc Lowenthal
Photograph of Marcel Duchamp's "Fountain“. ready-mades
The Subconscious:
Surrealism Film: Luis
Bunuel and Salvador Dali, Un Chien Andalou, 1929
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAiIUdWk1Ng&feature=related
Rene Magritte, Attempting the Impossible, 1928
Form: Abstractio
n
Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie Woogie, 1942-43
Abstraction Cycladic Influence on Modern Art
Constantin Brancusi
Amedeo Modigliani
Cycladic Statue
MusicSound Experimentation Arnold Schoenberg:
Atonality12-tone system: serialism Song cycles:
Sprechstimme Igor Stravinsky: Le Sacre du Printemps:
dissonance and heavy rhythm
Eric Satie: Incorporation of “work”
sounds Alban Berg
Operas: Wozzeck and Lulu
Ragtime, Blues and Jazz
o Roots in African-American work songs, gospel, drumming, parade music
o Moved from New Orleans up the Mississippi to St. Louis and Kansas City on to Chicago, NYC and LA – wildy popular in Europe
o Ragtime: Scott Joplino Opera: Treemonisha
o Blues – emotive lamentation using blues scale
o Jazz – improvisational, ensemble
Dance: Ballet
Diaghilev: Ballet Russe Choreographers: Fokine, Nijinsky Dancers: Pavlova, Nijinsky,
Karasavina Designers: Picasso, Bakst Composers: Ravel, Debussy,
Rimsky-Korsakov, Stravinsky
L’apres midi d’un faune:
The Afternoon of a Faun, 1912
Music by Claude Debussy
Choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky
Design by Leon Bakst
Le sacre du printemps : The Rite of Spring, 1913
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jo4sf2wT0wU
Music by Igor Stravinsky; Choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky
Modern Dance: Isadora Duncan
freedom of movementhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SPlN_gO5TOM
Modern Dance: Denishawn –Ruth St. Denis and Ted
Shawninternational influence
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42Hc6pvnI8A&list=PL2BAF1DD92407A23B
Modern Dance: Katherine Dunham
Afro-Caribbean Influence
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W23MYjH92co
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vyx6ue7K6o