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3 User Equipment

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3.1 Introduction (1/2) ..........................................................................3 

3.1 Introduction (2/2) ..........................................................................4 

3.2 Properties & Functions (1/3)........................................................5 

3.2 Properties & Functions (2/3)........................................................6 

3.2 Properties & Functions (3/3)........................................................7 

3.3 Multimode User Equipment (1/2).................................................8 

3.3 Multimode User Equipment (2/2).................................................9 

3.4 Types of User Equipment /1/2) ..................................................10 

3.4 Types of User Equipment (2/2) ..................................................11 

3.5 Baseline Capabilities (1/4) .........................................................12 

3.5 Baseline Capabilities (2/4) .........................................................13 

3.5 Baseline Capabilities (3/4) .........................................................14 

3.5 Baseline Capabilities (4/4) .........................................................15 

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3.1 Introduction (1/2)

The new generation of UMTS phones will combine the advantages of wirelesscommunication with the demand for multimedia applications. The continuous increase intransmission speed will bring enormous progress in data transfer. High definition colourscreens will make it very easy to view internet graphics or play realtime video clips. UMTSwill integrate state-of-the-art telecommunication technologies.

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3.1 Introduction (2/2)

UMTS User Equipments will have to be compatible with more than one standard. This willenable the network operators to offer their customers maximum capacity and radio coverage.The User Equipment will combine 2nd and 3rd generation standards.This means that the network operators will need to provide User Equipments that supportsystems like GSM and DECT, but also other global standards of the second generation.These User Equipments will have a more complete radio coverage from the start. They willbe multi-band and multi-mode, so that they can work with both the old and the newstandards.

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3.2 Properties & Functions (1/3)

The User Equipments' functionality will not be limited by the UMTS standard. But thefollowing functions will be required.- a SIM card interface- service provider and network registration/ deregistration- location update- setup of connectionless / connection-oriented services- unalterable equipment identification- basic identification of the User Equipment's capabilities- emergency calls without a SIM- execution of algorithms required for authentication and encryption 

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3.2 Properties & Functions (2/3)

 A GSM mobile station consists of two components:· the Mobile Equipment (ME)· and the Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) Another solution would be a mobile station with a Mobile Equipment and a SIM, connected toa notebook or an organizer via an interface. Here the mobile equipment would be used onlyto access the radio network, whereas the computer would be used as a terminal. Theinterface could be created by equipping the computer with a PCMCIA card.UMTS also allows combinations of a computer, a radio PCMCIA card and an external ICcard reader. Here the computer serves as the user interface within the network. The radioPCMCIA card only provides the access to the radio network. An IC card takes over the SIM

card functionality, but with a better memory capacity and processor performance. It isconnected to the computer via an IC card reader.

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3.2 Properties & Functions (3/3)

 As was said before, UMTS opens a lot of possibilities for the market. It is up to thesubscriber, service provider or network operator to decide which combination is suitable forwhich requirement. To make this possible, the following features will be included:- A mechanism to download service related information, new protocols and even new Application Programming Interfaces (API), to expand the User Equipment's functions andcapabilities.- Maintenance of the Virtual Home Environment (VHE) using the same user interface whileroaming.- the simultaneous use of more than one SIM card. An example would be a mobile faxmachine, where several users can simultaneously insert their IC cards and are thus able toreceive faxes.

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3.3 Multimode User Equipment (1/2)

Depending on the UMTS network structure and its services, different kinds of UEs will beavailable:- single-mode FDD- single-mode TDD- dual-mode FDD / TDD- dual-mode FDD / another radio system (e.g. GSM)- dual-mode TDD / another radio system- tri-mode FDD/TDD/GSM

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3.3 Multimode User Equipment (2/2)

 A multi-mode User Equipment requires at least a radio unit for UMTS and a radio unit forGSM/GPRS, or any other radio system.These radio units are controlled by one common InterWorkingUnit (IWU). The IWU alsocontrols the Man Machine Interface (MMI). The MMI consists of a keypad or a touchscreen, adisplay and the menu functions for interaction between user and equipment.

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3.4 Types of User Equipment /1/2)

Four types of user equipments are specified. It makes sense to develop different types ofuser equipments, because they will correspond to the different requirements of users,network operators and service providers.Type 1Type 1 consists of more than one single-mode user equipment, e.g. one for UMTS and onefor GSM/GPRS, in one shell. The only functionality shared is the Man Machine Interface.Thus the user equipment can only be active in GSM/GPRS or UMTS. This means thatsimultaneous access to the networks is not possible.Type 2This type of user equipment resembles type 1. During an active connection, however, it cantake measurements in the other mode and send the results to the network. Like type 1, this

type does not allow simultaneous connections to different standards.

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3.4 Types of User Equipment (2/2)

Type 3This type of user equipment can hold several connections to different systems at the sametime. But only one connection can be active at a time. During an active connection to UMTS,for example, the user equipment can receive paging signals from the GSM/GPRS network.The user equipment can thus be registered in different networks at the same time, and canreact to incoming signaling messages. Simultaneous traffic is not supported, but sequentialdata transfer is possible.Type 4Type 4 user equipment can be logged on to different networks at the same time and react tosignaling messages. It also supports simultaneous traffic. 

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3.5 Baseline Capabilities (1/4)

The Baseline Capabilities describe the functions that are important for switching on a userequipment and for performing its registration in the network. In "switched-off" state, the userequipment is switched off, i.e. no 3GPP functions are active.The function "power on status check" activates the 3GPP functions and checks whether theuser equipment meets the 3GPP system requirements. Now the user equipment is in thestate "status ok to register". It is now able to look for existing networks. If there is no networkavailable, the user equipment will remain in the state "status ok to register".

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3.5 Baseline Capabilities (2/4)

 As soon as the User Equipment finds a network, it will switch to the state "networkselected". A particular network can now be automatically or manually selected.The function "select radio access mode/technology" selects the available mode, e.g.UTRA FDD/TDD or GSM/GPRS. This can be done either automatically or manually.Now the User Equipment is in the state "radio access mode/technology selected", i.e. theaccess mode has now been selected.

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3.5 Baseline Capabilities (3/4)

The function "camping on a cell" selects a cell. Now the User Equipment can receive systeminformation from the network. After evaluating the system information, the User Equipment switches to the state "ready totransmit". It can now contact the network.With the function that follows, i.e. "contact network", the User Equipment sends the firstmessage to the network.In the following state, "await network response", the User Equipment waits for a confirmationof the contact by the network.

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3.5 Baseline Capabilities (4/4)

 After a successful registration has been confirmed, the function "perform registration" takescare of mobility management and GPRS mobility management procedures. These serve forauthentication, registration of the User Equipment's location and for checking the UserEquipment's capabilities. If the registration fails, the User Equipment returns to "Status OK toregister", "Network Selected", or "Radio access mode / technology selected", depending onthe reason for the failure. In the state "Ready for service", the User Equipment is ready tosend or receive data after a successful registration. To remain in this state, it mustperiodically inform the network of its location. With the function "Perform de-registration" theUser Equipment logs off the network and returns to the "switched off" state.