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Value System and EthicsModule 2
Value SystemValues (Value System) is a coherent
(sound/clear) set of beliefs/values adopted and/or evolved by a person, organization, or society as a standard to guide its behavior in preferences in all situations.
Values are ideals that guide or qualify your personal conduct, interaction with others, and involvement in your career. Like morals, they
help you to distinguish what is right from what is wrong
inform you on how you can conduct your life in a meaningful way.
Value SystemWhat influences your value system?
Can your value system affect your ability to counsel?
Exercise in judgmentYour value system affects,
influences or impairs perception, judgment, decision making abilities and behavior.
Values are at the core of counseling relationships
Understanding EthicsCounseling is not a
value-free or neutral activity…it is an active profession based on values, which are orienting beliefs about what is good…and how that good is to be achieved (Gladding, 2004, p. 58)
What is Ethics?A philosophical discipline that is concerned with human conduct and moral decision making (Gladding 2009, p.58)
Ethics involves making decisions of a moral nature about people and their interaction in society (Gladding 2009, p.58)
In other words, "Ethics" means making sure that the therapist acts responsibly in caring for the client.
protect the client’s (confidentiality)
interact with the client in defined role
not abandon or misrepresent his/her credentials
Types of Ethics (Corey p. 37)
Mandatory EthicsMandatory EthicsThe view of ethical
practice that deals with the minimum level of professional practice
Aspirational Ethics Aspirational Ethics The view of ethical
practice that deals with the higher level of professional practice that addresses doing what is in the best interest of the client
Positive EthicsPositive EthicsAn approach taken by practitioners who want to do their best for clients rather than simply providing the minimum.
4 Factors of the Ethical Code
Value System and Ethical CodeInfluencers of your Value System
As a
Pers
on
As a
C
ou
nselo
r
Influencers of your Ethical Code
The Need for Ethical StandardsEnsuring competent professional
behavior Responsibility to public trust Professionals monitor their own and other
members’ professional behavior
Controversies over the development ofEthical Codes
Ethical dilemmas Character and virtue
How do counselors make ethicaldecisions? (Corey, 2009, p. 39)Identify the ethical
dilemma: is it mainly ethical, legal, moral?
Identify potential issues: evaluate the rights and
responsibilities of all parties
Look at the relevant ethics code for guidance
Consider applicable laws
ConsultBrainstorm various
courses of actionIdentify the
consequences of each action
Decide on the best possible course of action
Ethical Position“Counselors refrain from offering or accepting professional services when their physical, mental, or emotional problems are likely to harm a client or others. They are alert to the signs of impairment, seek assistance for problems, and, if necessary, limit, suspend, or terminate their professional responsibilities.” (ACA, 2005, C.2.g.)
Ethical Code of AAPCThe American Association of Pastoral
Counselors (AAPC) states in its code of ethics: "We do not abandon or neglect
clients. If we are unable, or unwilling for appropriate reasons, to provide professional help or continue a professional relationship, every
reasonable effort is made to arrange for continuation of treatment with another
professional."Ethical Code of Pastoral Counseling (AAPC)
http://www.aapc.org/content/ethics
Ethical Code Benefits the ClientMost professional codes of ethics maintain that the counselee has a right to be given enough information in order to make an intelligent choice about entering into counseling. (Informed Consent). For example, it is too late-and unethical-to explain to a teen from the church's youth group that you are going to inform her parents that she is pregnant and considering an abortion after she has revealed these facts to you.
Clients often do not know what to expect from the process (of counseling) or how to act…Seeing a counselor is a last resort for many individuals…Therefore many clients enter counseling reluctantly of hesitantly. (Gladding 2004, p. 122)
The counselor providing information as to the counseling process and informed consent; such details should reassure the client.
INFORMED CONSENT FOR TREATMENTIs intended to reduce misunderstanding by defining important elements of the counseling relationship Helps the client understand the “rules” of
counseling Helps the client understand their “rights and
responsibilities” during counseling
INFORMED CONSENT FOR TREATMENT1.Client’s rights to consent:
Voluntary or Involuntary2.Client & Counselor
Involvement3.Counseling Goals4.No Guarantees5.Risks Associated with
Counseling6.Confidentiality7.Confidentiality Exceptions 8.Counseling Approach 9.Ethical Guidelines
10. Behavior of the Client11. Practitioner Credentials12. Fees & Charges13. Insurance / Managed Care14. Length of Therapy/Sessions15. Disputes & Complaints16. Cancellation Policy17. Affiliation Relationship18. Supervisory Relationship19. Colleague Consultation20. Consultations
Transference and Counter-transferenceTransference
The client reacts to the therapist as he did to an earlier significant otherThis allows the client to experience
feelings that would otherwise be inaccessible
ANALYSIS OF TRANSFERENCE — allows the client to achieve insight into the influence of the past
Counter-transferenceThe reaction of the therapist toward the client
that may interfere with objectivity