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Thriving amidst geologic hazards

in the Philippines

Emmanuel G. Ramos, PhD

Geophysicist

Tekton GeoMetrix

Outline

Geologic hazards: A Philippine context Plate tectonics and geologic conditions

Volcanic hazards

Seismic hazards

Tsunami

Landslides and debris flow

Subsidence, erosion, flooding,

Outline

Risks and disaster reduction

Hazards, Risks and disaster reduction

Obstacles to disaster/risk management Continental drift

Matching

coastlines

Matching glacierdeposits 300

million years

ago

Observations of the continent Matching fossils

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Matching mountain ranges The Theory of Continental Drift

Wegener first

published his

theory 1912.

Topography and ages of the ocean floor Oceanographic studies andsea floor spreading

Major Physical Features of Earth

Fig. 1.13

Worldwide Standardized Seismic Network

1960s to presentNuclear disarmament and the

global study of earthquakes

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Thermal convection leads to

surface movement Tectonic plate boundaries

Tectonic plate motionPlate Tectonics Theory

Geological evidences, present-day events

Plate Tectonics Theory

Geological evidences, present-day events

Given ocean topography and earthquakes,

Can you find the plate boundaries?

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Where should mountain ranges be?

Where should Philippine

earthquakes and volcanoes be?

Volcanoes in

the Philippines

Earthquakes in

the Philippines

Active faults and

trenches in

the Philippines

Large magnitude

earthquakes in

the Philippines

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Landslide hazards

in the Philippines

Geologic hazards assessment

for risk managers

Topographic map Mountains, Seas, Rivers, Terrain, Slope

Geologic map

Volcanoes, Faults, Alluvium, Soft rocks

Basic knowledge of geology

Indications of active geologic processes

Young lava flows, young faults, young deposits,

landslide scars, tsunami debris

Geologic hazards assessment

for risk managers

Geographic maps

Roads, Bridges, Dikes and Dams

Slope maps and relief

Houses, built-up areas, communities

Agriculture, Land-use

Technology

GPS, accelerometer, compass

Digital Maps, Google Earth

Sensors and data recorders

Communications, Internet

Geologic hazards assessment

for risk managers

Risk and disaster reduction

Technical Terminologies and their relationships

Social, economic and political characteristics

Information gathering, information processing,

communications

Collaboration with other sectors

Risk managers:

Ready for geologic events?

Be alert

Be inquisitive

Be receptive