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Module 4.8Excreta fertilisers in Agriculture
How can ecological fertilisers from excreta best be used?
What is the farmer applying to the field?
• Mineral Fertiliser• Animal Manure
– Slurry– Solids
• Water• Energy
How is the fertiliser applied?• Mineral fertiliser
– Spreader– By hand
• Solid manure– Spreader for solids TS>20%– Manually
• Trolley + shovel• Liquid manure
– Spreader for liquids TS<12%– Overflowing– Included in watering water– Applied bucket/tank wise
When is the fertiliser applied?
• Before plantation• Until 2/3 of season• Until Ear setting• Until one month before
harvest• 2-3 times per cropping• Every day?
Application of water
• When is it needed?– Increased water, except
during flooding• How?
– Spraying– Surface overflow – Surface application– Drip irrigation
Group question
• How can we produce these fertilisers from households– What materials do we get?– Do they need extra treatment?
• Why?
– What are the fertilising value of the fractions?
Nutrient content in wastewater
• Urine– 1-1.5L /pd 3-500L /year
• 0.3-0.7L per urination– 3-3.5kg N/py– 0.3kg P/py– 0.3kg K/py– All direct plant available
Fraction content
• Faeces– 100-400g/pd 40-100kg/year– 0.3kg N/py– 0.1kg P/py– 0.2kg K/py– Most organically bound
Nutrient content in wastewater
Treatment of urine
– Storage• 2 Month >20C• 1 Month >30C
– Not according to WHO!
– Urine to own garden direct use
– Urine from urinals only – less treatment requred
– Selected use less storage needed
Treatment of faeces
– Composting• >50C >1week + turning• Low temp composting
– Biogas• Long HRT and MRT• Additional hygiene
treatment preferable– Chemical treatment
• Ammonia• Lime• Ash
– Selected use
How to apply the urine fertiliser– Large Medium scale
• Drip irrigation• Hose spreader• Watering
– Small scale• Drip irrigation• Watering can• Watering (with GW)
– Application• Before planting• During growth
• Compost– Solid manure– Shovel– Application
• Before planting• Biogas slurry
– Hose spreader– Land overflow– Incorporation into soil– Application
• Before planting• During growth
How to apply the faecal fertiliser
• Direct application– At trees– Mulch bed– Grass land– Avoid storage (smell)
• Treated GW– Irrigation
• Spray• Drip• Overflow
How to apply the greywater
To what can I use the urine fertiliser?
• Treated urine / at home application– Unrestricted use– Salt content– High ammonia content
• Untreated urine– Fodder crop– Crop above ground
• Processed• Fruits
– Ornamental purposes
• Level of treatment– High level unrestricted
use– Low level restricted use
• Crops with long growth period
– Pineapple – Banana– Coconut
• Non food crops– Fodder– Ornamental
To what can I use the faecal fertiliser?
• Untreated GW– At home– Direct use (minimise
piping)– Applied treatment
• Mulch bed• At trees
• Treated GW– Can be stored– Watering purposes
To what can I use the greywater?
Selection of use
• Practicality• Hygiene
– Barriers• Treatment• Selection of use
– Food crop– Fodder– Other
• Composition
• Acceptance
– User– Farmer (end user)– Consumer