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Module ThreeCommunication and Culture
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Culture: the lifestyle of a group of people Culture: a learned set of shared
interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms which affect the behaviours of a relatively large group of people.
Co-cultures: coexist within the mainstream society yet remain connected to one another.
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Cultureo values
o beliefso artifacts o ways of
behavingo ways of
communicating
o languageo ways of
thinkingo arto lawso religion
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Intercultural Communication
Enculturation: the process of learning one’s culture from one generation to another
Acculturation: the process by which a person’s culture is modified through direct contact with or exposure to another culture
Intercultural Communication: between people of different cultures; influenced by enculturation and acculturation which can create barriers
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Your Turn Complete Test Yourself: How
Ethnocentric Are You? In your EZ Guide
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Ethnocentrism
We all tend to see others and their behaviours through our own cultural filters and think our culture is better than other cultures in every way.
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Barriers to Understanding Each Other Stereotypes:
generalizations about a group of people that oversimplify the group’s characteristics;
Exaggerated beliefs to make judgments about an entire group of people
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Stereotypes
are a fixed impression of a group of people
may be influenced by nationality, religion, sexual orientation, or any other characteristic that defines a group
distort accurate perceptions prevent seeing someone as an
individual
Stereotype the following groups:◦ Women drivers◦ Jocks ◦ Blacks◦ Gays and lesbians◦ Jews◦ Francophones
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Stereotype the other group
Stereotype each person in yourgroup
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Barriers to Understanding Each Other Prejudice
Positive or negative attitudes about an individual or cultural group based on little or no direct experience with that person or group
Making a judgment about someone before you get to know that person and learn whether your opinions and feelings are justified
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Discrimination How we act out and express
prejudice Exclude groups of people from
opportunities granted to others
Barriers to Understanding Each Other
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Racism Emerges from ethnocentrism,
stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination
Racist people assume that a person with a certain inherited characteristic also has negative characteristics and abilities; they believe in the superiority of their own race above others
Can lead to the abuse of power
Barriers to Understanding Each Other
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Understanding Cultural Diversity
Social identity Our self-concept as derived from the
social categories to which we see ourselves belonging
Part of social identity is derived from the cultural groups to which you belong as well as the groups to which you do not belong
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To understand cultural diversity you should first understand your own culture then broaden your mind to understand other cultures Religion is a very important aspect of a
culture; in many countries and for many groups, religion is the culture; occasionally when religious groups attempt to practice their culture in a secular country, they encounter intolerance
Understanding Cultural Diversity
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Understanding Cultural Diversity Regardless of your individual
religious beliefs, you must remember that people feel strongly about their religion, and that difference between religious beliefs and practices do matter
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Understanding Cultural Diversity We live in a pluralistic society; the
more knowledge you gain about the people around you and the more you learn to respect others, the better you will be able to communicate
Your willingness and ability to work in a diverse environment will likely increase your opportunities for success in any career choice you make
18The Dimensions of Culture
1. Individualism/Collectivism
2. Power Distance3. Masculine/Feminine
Values4. High/Low Context5. Monochronic/
Polychronic
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Intercultural dimension: an aspect of culture that can be measured relative to other cultures
The Dimensions of Culture
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Your Turn Complete Test Yourself – How
Individualistic Are You? In your EZ Guide
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Individualism/Collectivism may be the most important factor distinguishing one culture from another
The Dimensions of Culture
Individualistic Culture-You are responsible for yourself and
perhaps your immediate family; you are responsible to your own conscience: independence
Collectivist Culture-You are responsible for the entire group;
responsibility is largely an individual matter: interdependence
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Power Distance: refers to the physical and psychological distance between those who have power and those who do not in relationships, institutions, and organizations High Power Distance: individuals accept
differences in power as normal; accepted that the privileged have more power and us it to control lives of those with less power; you accept and do not challenge authority
Low Power Distance: power distinctions are minimized: supervisors work with subordinates
The Dimensions of Culture
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Masculine/Feminine Values: the terms masculine and feminine are used to describe whether masculine or feminine traits are valued by a culture; the terms are used to describe a societal perspective rather than individuals
The Dimensions of Culture
A masculine culture: typically views men as assertive, tough, oriented to material success and strong; women modest, tender, oriented to maintaining quality of life
A feminine culture: both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender and oriented to maintaining the quality of life
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High/Low Context: High-context culture: very little
meaning is expressed through words; gestures, silence, facial expressions and relationships among communicators have higher meaning; also through status (age, gender, education, family, etc.)
Low-context culture: meaning is expressed primarily through language
The Dimensions of Culture
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Intercultural Communication Strategies
1) Recognize and reduce your ethnocentrism2) Be mindful: involves being fully aware of the
present moment without making hasty judgements; mindlessness occurs when you allow rigid categories and false distinctions to become habits of thought and behaviour
3) Face fears4) Avoid over-attribution5) Identify uncertainty and ambiguity6) Be receptive to new information7) Respect others’ perspectives
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Strategies continued
8) Recognize differences-between yourself and culturally different people-within the culturally different group
8) Recognize meaning differences in verbal & nonverbal messages
9) Recognize culture shock
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Recognize That Culture Shock Is Normal
Stages of Culture ShockHoneymoon Fascination with new cultureCrisis Differences between your own culture and
the new one creates problemsRecovery Gain the skills to function effectivelyAdjustment Adjust and come to enjoy the new culture
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Adjust Your Communication
Learn the other culture’s signals; avoid violating cultural rules
Share your own system of signals with others
Avoid evaluating differences negatively: see others as different but equal
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Your Turn Complete Check Your Ability: in your EZ
Guide
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Thanks for coming!