Module - 1

General Concept and Overview of Environment Management System (ISO 14001)

Purpose

• To understand the elements of the Environment and their Interactions.

• Understand the need for an Environment Management System (EMS)

ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

ProductionPatterns

ConsumptionPatterns

Natural resources drawn from the environment

Impact of resource extraction,use and disposal

Trade

ENVIRONMENT

DrivesDrives

Economic Activity and Environment

Industry and environmental degradation

Resource extraction of raw materials through mining, logging, water abstraction, energy generation.

Resource demand during distribution, use and disposal of goods and services.

Resource utilization during manufacture leading to emissions, wastewater and solid waste generation.

Costs of environmental damage

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

The environment is seen as a sink for all our solid, liquid and gaseous wastes.

PopulationIncreasing consumption levelsIndustrial activitiesAgricultural activitiesTransport etc.

At today's resource consumption rates, this development is unbalanced and unsustainable

Pressure on Environment

GLOBAL

NATIONAL

Environmental Issues

Global Warming/Climate ChangeAcid RainGreenhouse EffectDepletion of Non Renewable Resources

(coal, oil, gas)Stratospheric ozone layer depletionDeforestationBio-diversity loss

Environmental Issues(Global)

Ozone Depletion Cycle

• The ozone depletion process begins when CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS) leak from equipment

• One chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 ozone molecules before finally being removed from the stratosphere

Atmospheric Pollution

Water Pollution

Waste Management

Waste Disposal

Noise

Marine Pollution

Soil Erosion

Degradation of Fresh Water Resources

Environmental IssuesLocal/National

Result of Local Environmental changes

• Rise in temperatures• Disappearance of certain species of birds• Rise in allergies and other health problems.• Contamination of lakes, ponds etc.

Environmental Issues National/Regional Level

Water stress

Water Pollution & Contaminants

•Effluent discharges•Groundwater Pollution•Marine life contamination•Destruction of Coral Reefs•Major Contaminants

Suspended SolidsOil & GreaseDissolved SolidsHeavy Metals

–Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

–Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) Which include gases like

– Carbon Monoxide;– Carbon di-oxide– Oxides of Sulphur;– Oxides of Nitrogen;– Hydrogen Sulfide;– Ammonia;– Photochemical Oxidants;– Ozone Depleting Substances; and– Toxic gases.

Air Pollution and Contaminants

Solid Waste & Soil Pollution

• Municipal & Industrial Wastes Generation• Toxic & Hazardous wastes• Waste Management• Recycle & Reuse• Landfill & Leachate Management• Incineration

Leachate Migration

Environmental InteractionSource: Operations, Activities,

Equipments, processes that generates the pollutant; (Spillage in storage yard, stack emission, waste disposal, wastewater discharge)

Pathway: The environmental element through which the pollutant is propagated (air, water, soil)

Receptor: The element of the environment that is impacted. (humans, surface & ground water, land, flora & fauna, natural resources)

Environmental Interactions

AIR

WATERLANDFLORA& FAUNA

HUMANS

LegislativeCompliance

NATURALRESOURCES

Eco-efficiency

Facility & Operations

o Identified link between industrialization andenvironmental degradation, 19th century

o “Dilution is the solution to pollution”, 1960s

o “End of Pipe” treatment for emissions, 1980s-1990s -Reactive, “Command & Control”

Approaches to Environmental Issues

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT APPROACHES

ACTION OFREGULATORYAUTHORITIES

INDUSTRY'SAPPROACH

REMARKS

LAWS ENACTMENTBUT POORENFORCEMENT

IGNORANCE REQUIRES STRICT ENFORCEMENT

STRICTENFORCEMENT

DILUTION NEED FOR DEVELOPING LOAD BASEDSTANDARDS & ENSURING STRICTENFORCEMENT

LOAD BASEDSTANDARDS ANDSTRICTENFORCEMENT

TREATMENT NOT SUSTAINABLE(DEAD INVESTMENT& COST PROHIBITIVE)

NEED FOR ECONOMICALLY & ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE APPROACH

A balanced viewpoint

We need to find a viable and equitable balance between environment and development.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

“DEVELOPMENT WHICH MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR OWN NEEDS”

Bruntland Report on “Our Common Future” 1987

Current Approach

• Achieving a balance between

–environmental quality–social equity–economic prosperity

Sustainable Development

“TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE”

Use of Cleaner TechnologiesElimination/Minimization of emissions at sourceWaste Prevention & Minimization Integrated Pollution Control (IPC)Voluntary, Co-op, Pro-active ApproachEnvironmental Management / EMSBATNEEC

Sustainable Development Approach

BEST - at preventing pollution

AVAILABLE - procurable by operator

TECHNOLOGY - equipment, training, operations, maintenance etc.….

NEEC - balance between environmental benefit & financial cost

Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Cost

BATNEEC

History of Environment Management System – ISO 14001

• 1987 : WCED – Sustainable Development in “Our Common Future”

• 1991: BCSD approached ISO and IEC to discuss development of Environmental Standards

• 1992: UNCED – Agenda 21 and Rio Declaration on Sustainable Development

• 1996: ISO 14001:1996; ISO 14004: 1996• 2004: ISO 14001: 2004; ISO 14004: 2004

ISO 14001 Standard

• It is a voluntary

• It is an international

• It is a non prescriptive

• It is currently the only certifiable standard in the 14000 series of standards

OVERVIEW OF ISO 14000 STANDARDS

A SERIES OF 16 STANDARDS DEVELOPED BY TC 207

BASICALLY TWO TYPES :

SPECIFICATION AND GUIDELINE STANDARDS

CONSISTS OF TWO CATEGORIESORGANISATION OR PROCESS STANDARDS

PRODUCT ORIENTED STANDARDS

EMS- ISO 14000 SERIES

ISO 14001: EMS SPECIFICATION STANDARD

ISO 14004: EMS GUIDANCE STANDARD

ISO 14010s: ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT

ISO 14020s: ENVIRONMENTAL LABELING

ISO 14030s: ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

ISO 14040s: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)

ISO 14050: PRODUCT BASED ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARD

ISO 14060: TERMS & DEFINITIONS

OVERVIEW OF ISO 14000 STANDARDS

ORGANISATION OR PROCESS STANDARDS

EMS - ISO 14001 & 14004 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING - ISO 14010 SERIES (3) ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ISO 14030

PRODUCT ORIENTED STANDARDS LCA - ISO 14040 SERIES (5) ENVIROMENTAL LABELLING - ISO 14020 SERIES (3) ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND PRODUCT STANDARDS -

ISO 14050 DEFINITIONS - ISO 14060

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ISO 14001 &ISO 9001

•ISO 9001 COUSTOMER WHILE ISO 14001 ENVIRONMENT ORIENTED

•ISO 14001 MORE DEMANDING

* SPECIFIC POLICY REQUIREMENTS* IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASTECTS* ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVE & TARGETS* COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS

•ISO 14001 SUPPORTS RESOURCE CONSERVATION – SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT

•PROMOTES GREEN PRODUCTIVITY & CLEANER PRODUCTION

•PROVIDES TOOL FOR GREENING SUPPLY CHAIN

Benefits of EMS / ISO 14001

Proof of sound environmental performance Improve public / community relationships Enhanced image and increased market share Increased stakeholder and customer confidence Improved industry practices and lower operating costs Cost savings in energy / raw materials / waste

management Effective reduction of corporate environmental liability

exposure Encourage innovative technology

Status of ISO 14001 Implementation as on 2009

S. No. Country/Region No. of CertifiedCompanies

% share

1 North America 7,316 3.382 Europe 89,237 403 Central & South America 3,923 1.84 Africa/West Asia 8,813 3.95 Australia/New Zealand 1,623 0.76 Far East 1,12,237 50.3

World Total 2,23,149 100

Source: International Standards Organization (ISO)The number of ISO 14001 certified EMS now exceeds 2,67,000 according to the latest figures from ISO

Summary

• Environment & Development• Impacts of Development• Environmental Interaction• Environmental Approaches• Development of ISO 14000• Need for EMS: ISO 14001• Benefits of EMS