The Changing Landscape and its Impact on ATM Mohamed Faisal Bin Mohamed Salleh Deputy Director ATM Research Institute
presented by
Mohamed Faisal Bin Mohamed Salleh Deputy Director, Senior Research Fellow Air Traffic Management Research Institute
Urban Traffic Management (UTM) for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
Objective: To develop traffic management solutions enabling efficient and safe operations of UAS in Singapore’s urban environment.
1. Next Era of Aviation
2. Motivation
3. Challenges
4. Current Regulations
5. Preliminary Concepts
6. Methodology
7. Guiding Principles
AGENDA
Next Era of Aviation
• The major driver of this market is that UAVs
can be employed in potentially hazardous
conditions and also in mundane, repetitive
operations prone to human error.
• Suppliers of UAVs are releasing products that
can be used in areas such as delivery, aerial
photography, surveillance and information
gathering which drives the increase usage of
UAVs in low altitude and urban environment.
4
Growth of UAS Operations
• World Drone Market Seen
Nearing $127 Billion in
2020, PwC Says
*SourceFAA Aerospace Forecast Fiscal Year 2017-2037 **Source: Estimate based on calculations determined by data provided by DroneDeploy users
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-09/world-drone-market-seen-nearing-127-billion-in-2020-pwc-says
© ATMRI. All Rights Reserved.
Motivation
5
• Growing demand for UAS operations by both commercial and government agencies – Dull, Dirty and Dangerous
• Limited land and sea for residential and commercial development. So is Airspace!
• Smart Nation – Green, Integrated and Interoperable
5
© ATMRI. All Rights Reserved.
• Risk to Aviation and Public Safety
• Limited and congested Urban Airspace
• Airworthiness and Flight Operations
Unmanned Aircraft Separation
• Remote Pilot Competency and
Licensing
• Security and Privacy
6
ALERT Photo of a drone dangerously close to
Singapore Airlines A350 above the Swan River
in Perth
By Melanie Kraft- April 7, 2017
Challenges for UAS Operations in Urban Airspace
© ATMRI. All Rights Reserved.
Ref: https://www.onemap.sg/index.html
Current Regulations in Singapore
No Purpose Weight of Unmanned Aircraft Permit Required 1. For any purpose More than 7kg in total weight Operator and Activity Permits
2. For any business purpose (i.e. Commercial activities
or Specialised services) including if not Recreation
or Research in nature
Any weight Operator and Activity Permits
3. For Recreation or Research Not more than 7kg No permit required. However, an Activity Permit (only) is required
if the unmanned aircraft is flown outdoors: in a Restricted or Danger Area;
or within 5km of an aerodrome/military airbase regardless of operating height,
or above 200 feet beyond 5km of an aerodrome/military airbase
Background : • In Jun 2015, amendment to Air Navigation Act to regulate the operation of
unmanned aircraft in Singapore in the interests of public safety and
security.
• Drones are becoming more common and affordable
7 Ref: http://www.caas.gov.sg/caas/en/ANS/unmanned-aircraft.html © ATMRI. All Rights Reserved.
• Layers Concept – Divide the airspace in layers, same heading
• Zones Concept – Spider-web structure
Spectrum of ConOps for Urban Airspace Design
• Full Mix Concept – Automatic Detect and Avoid Conflict
• Tubes Concept – Speed Control Source : METROPOLIS Urban Airspace Design
Preliminary Concepts
8
“Self-managed”
“Regulated”
Capacity?
Efficiency?
Safety?
© ATMRI. All Rights Reserved.
Amazon proposal would create dedicated
sections as follows:
“Airspace below 200 feet, or the ‘Low-
Speed Localized Traffic’ area, will be
reserved for
(1) terminal non-transit operations such as
surveying, videography and inspection, and
(2) operations for lesser-equipped vehicles,
e.g. ones without sophisticated sense-and-
avoid (SAA) technology. Those lesser-
equipped vehicles will not have access to
certain airspace in this zone, such as over
heavily-populated areas.
‘High-Speed Transit’ space, between 200
and 400 feet, will be designated for well
equipped vehicles as determined by the
relevant performance standards and rules.
9 http://jdasolutions.aero/blog/amazon-uas-proposal/
Preliminary Concepts (con’t)
© ATMRI. All Rights Reserved.
10
Focus Areas
• Airspace Management
• Performance based for C2 Link & CNS
coverage
• Geofencing
• Safe Separation Distance
• Detect and Avoid
• Urban Infrastructures (Designated
Landing and Take-off Area)
Phases of Flight
© ATMRI. All Rights Reserved.
Block 1: Establishing
ConOps for Traffic
Management of UAS
•Study the different
concepts via Simulation
& Modelling - phase of
flight
•Establish the
performance
requirements of traffic
management for UAS
operations
•Safety Risk
Assessment
Methodology
11
Block 2: Developing
an integrated test-bed
systems (component)
•Perform R&D on the
technologies, systems
and development of
prototypes required for
each phase of flight
(component level)
•Test-bed will be
developed from a
“clean-slate”
•Environmental and
geographical constraints
added
Block 3: Integration
System of Systems
•Amalgamate sub-
systems and technologies
established
•Testing and validating
the System for TM-UAS
(System of Systems)
indoor/outdoor
environment
Block 4: Demonstrating
UAS operations
•Develop a pilot scenario
based on Singapore’s
geographical and
environmental conditions
•Evaluate specific
operations of UAS in
urban environment
TRL 3
© ATMRI. All Rights Reserved.
TRL 6
Guiding Principles for UAS Operations in Urban Airspace
© ATMRI. All Rights Reserved.
12
1.Flexible and Dynamic Airspace
2.ATM -> UTM vs UTM -> ATM
3.ConOps will define the requirements for technologies and
management principles.
Thank you
Acknowledgement
© ATMRI. All Rights Reserved.
Nanyang Technological University Air Traffic Management Research Institute
Programme - Traffic Management of Unmanned Aircraft Systems
13