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Mohammed and heirs. Christianity in Europe 'Byzantine' Empire Islam.

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FORMULATION OF ISLAM Mohammed and heirs
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FORMULATION OF ISLAMMohammed and heirs

LEGACIES OF ROME

Christianity in Europe 'Byzantine' Empire Islam

ISLAM, A LEGACY OF ROME, REALLY?

Conquests of Mediterranean Architectural style Administrative apparatus Translation and assimilation of ancient

Greek philosophy, science, medicine…

ARABIA, THE PERIPHERY

Persia Rome Natural resources

? Barley habitable Few harbors No lakes No trees Only Arabia Felix!

7TH C ARABIA Outside Yemen, primarily nomadic

Bedouin Basis of tribal structure Extensive kinship groups, importance of 2nd

cousin once removed Poor opinion of authority, government. Leaders

with little power. Sheik is more of a judge. Tribal feuds – water Razzia – raids on other tribes

Importance of Mecca and Medina Opinion of Persians and Romans?

MOHAMMED

Merchant from Mecca? Khadija. Religious leader at 40.

622, Hijara. Flight to Medina. Meccans try to assassinate Mohammed?

Sources Sira – formal biographies, written in 700s Koran

REVELATION OF MOHAMMED

615 Biblical Monotheism in the periphery

Progression of prophets First converts: Ali and Fatima, Abu Bakr,

Othman the Umayyad, Omar al Khatab Quaraish family from Mecca opposes

nascent Islam Appeal to lower classes Threat to trade, way of life, social order

MEDINA Invites Mohammed as an arbiter Islamic identity emerges

Expulsion of Jews Religious loyalty more important than tribal Mecca replaces Jerusalem Stops celebrating Yom Kippur, institutes

Ramadan Friday becomes Sabbath Disputes to be heard by religious leaders People of the Book No depiction of the human figure 'Seal of the Prophets'

Abraham, Moses, Elijah, Jesus, Mohammed

RETURN TO MECCA

630, Mecca falls to Mohammed Political and Religious leader 632, death of Mohammed

TENETS OF ISLAM 'Surrender' Acknowledgement of Allah Mosque is a gathering place. Upright behavior is celebrated, very

moderate and doable. Sin? Confessions weren't translated. Five Pillars

Confession of faith Daily prayers, 5 Alms Observe Ramadan Hajj


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