NEW STUDY PROVIDES
MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO
HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS
REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN
CELLS
AND
GENETIC 911: CELLS'
EMERGENCY SYSTEMS
REVEALED
M A R Í A A L E J A N D R A M E J Í A C A R M O N A
M E D I C A L S T U D E N T
I I I S E M E S T E R
INTRODUCTION
- DNA is closely associatedwith a proteins, thehistones, to form tightlypacked chromosomes.
- The complex of DNAand histone proteins istermed chromatin.
- The information in thegene sequences is carriedto ribosomes in the formof mRNA.
-ARN, the language ofthe life
“ The scientist developed a state-of-the-art sequencing technology called Chromatin
Interaction Analysis for performing the genome-wide mapping of long-range interactions between chromatins ”
Phys org( July 18, 2012 )
NEW STUDY PROVIDES MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN
CELLS
NEW STUDY PROVIDES MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS
REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN CELLS
The new technology
Can looks at different regions
of regulatory DNA sequences
Enhancers Promoters
Chromatin Interaction
Analysis
Which, the scientistcould see that organismgenes is regulated andcoordinated to carryout the geneticprograms encoded inthe genome for cellularfunctions in mammaliancells.
NEW STUDY PROVIDES MECHANISTIC INSIGHTS INTO HOW GENE TRANSCRIPTION IS
REGULATED IN MAMMALIAN CELLS
Promoters on different genes.
They grouped
chromatin
interactions in
Promoters and nearby DNA sequences within the same gene
Promoters and enhancers (located outside the gene on the same chromosome)
The researchers found that
interacting genes are not only
expressed but also regulated in a
co-ordinated manner.
Final
Conclusion
OBSERVATION
Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency
Systems Revealed
“ Peter Dedon, and colleagues show that cells treated with poisons and toxins alter their chemical modification of molecules known as transfer RNA
(tRNA), which deliver protein building blocks within a cell ”
Sciende daily, ( July 3, 2012 )
Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency
Systems Revealed
The researchers found
Turn on a system that diverts the cell's protein-building
machinery away from its routine activities to emergency action
The new study
They focused on a particular tRNA
modification
known as m5C
which occurs when cells encounter
hydrogen peroxide, a chemical produced by
white blood cells.
This modification occurs predominantly
in the tRNAs that carry the amino acid
leucine.
The cell produces much more of the
RPL22A protein when hydrogen peroxide
is present, provoking an increase in m5C
Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency
Systems Revealed
"This paper is a wonderful piece of work that really
shows that tRNA can have a dramatic impact on gene
expression," says He, who was not part of the research
team.
Final
Conclusion
Indeed, the researchers found that hydrogen peroxide
increased many different types of proteins from TTG-enriched
genes."Probably what we're going to find is a
code in the use of codons in the genome, where classes of proteins are
grouped together by what the cell needs for a particular stress
response.“
OBSERVATION
Thanks to this study the scientists show unknown information about RNA that can lead to future investigations, in this case,
RNA checkpoints and the function of proteins in the mechanism of protect cells. In addition, this study demonstrates how theories and concepts once believed can
change at any moment, causing a number of studies to shift their direction.
MEDICAL UTILITYNew Study Provides Mechanistic Insights Into How Gene
Transcription Is Regulated In Mammalian Cells
By knowing the regulation of chromatin interactions, the health team can find and discover new targets in order to prevent new deseases and understand new defects in the genetic code.
MEDICAL UTILITYNew Study Provides Mechanistic Insights Into How
Gene Transcription Is Regulated In Mammalian
Cells
The study of chromatin interactions could open up a new understanding in the genetic elements avoiding human diseases and positively contributing to the future of those patients to learn about defects associated to the regulation of gene activity.
MEDICAL UTILITYGenetic 911: Cells' Emergency Systems Revealed
By knowing about the role of ARN at the transcription process we can understand how is the structural, enzymatic and conveyor operation of the new proteins and its paper of protecting the cell from toxins that could damage its function.
MEDICAL UTILITYGenetic 911: Cells' Emergency Systems
Revealed
The proteins play an important role when we are talking about the stress response in the cell, which avoids the death of the cells and the damages in the genome, in adition it contributes to prevent genetic deseases.
• Martinez S, Lina Maria. Biología Molecular. 5 ed Medellín: UPB. Fac Medicina
• New study provides mechanistic insights intohow gene transcription is regulated in mammalian cells , July 18, 2012
• Genetic 911: Cells' Emergency SystemsRevealed, July 3, 2012
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