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Molecular-genetic analysis of starfishes Asterias amurensis and A. rubens
A.L. Drozdov, I.P. Vladychenskaya, ,N.B. Petrov
red seastar red seastar A. rubens,A. rubens,
common, or Forbes common, or Forbes starfishstarfish A. forbesi A. forbesi
Institute of Marine Biology, FEB RASInstitute of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, ,
Moscow State UnMoscow State Universityiversity
[email protected]@mail.ru
Asterias amurensisAsterias amurensis
the Northern Pacific the Northern Pacific seastar and Japanese common starfishseastar and Japanese common starfish
Now A. amurensis has been introduced to the oceanic areas of Tasmania, southern Australia, Alaska, the Aleutian Island, part of Europe and Maine.
A. forbesi(Desor,1848)(North Atlantic Oceanfrom the Gulf of Maine to the Gulf of Mexico)
A. rubens
A.amurensisLutken, 1871
(norther China, Russia,,Japan.)
Linnaeus, 1758 (nother Atlantic, common species in North & White seas, west part of Baltic sea)
In this study we analyzed the mitochondria COI genes in A. rubens and A. amurensis.
The obtained sequences were aligned with homologous sequences of other species of the North Atlantic and Pacific sea stars, taken from Genbank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), and held their phylogenetic analysis using the software package MEGA 5.
Asterias rubensNAR4
Asterias rubensNAR6
86
Asterias ru
bensWAR2
Asterias ru
bensNS34
Asteria
s ruben
sNAR3
Asteria
s rub
ensD
MAV3
Aster
ias ru
bens
DM47
Aster
ias ru
bens
DM44
Aste
rias
rube
ns B
BS1
Aste
rias
rube
ns B
BS3
Aste
rias
rube
nsDM
45
Aste
rias
rube
nsDM
48
Ast
eria
s ru
bens
DM
AV4
Ast
eria
s ru
bens
NA
R5
Ast
eria
s ru
bens
RA
R9
Ast
eria
s ru
bens
RA
R6
Ast
eria
s ru
bens
WA
R5
Ast
eria
s ru
bens
BB
S7A
ster
ias
rube
nsD
M46
Ast
eria
s ru
bens
DM
AV1
Ast
eria
s ru
bens
IAR
8A
ster
ias
rube
nsN
S30
Ast
eria
s ru
bens
DM
43As
teria
s ru
bens
DM50
Aste
rias
rube
nsFA
R4
Aste
rias
rube
nsFA
R5
Aste
rias
rube
nsIA
R3
Aste
rias r
uben
sNS2
9
Aster
ias ru
bens
NS31
Asteria
s rub
ens B
BS2
Asteria
s ruben
sRAR4
Asterias ru
bensWAR1
Asterias ru
bensRAR1
Asterias ru
bensWAR4
Asterias rubensNS33
Asterias rubensRAR2
Asterias rubensRAR5
Asterias rubensWAR3
Asterias rubensNS32
Asterias rubens1
Asterias rubensFAR2
Asterias rubensDM49
Asterias rubensNAR10
Asterias rubensRAR10Asterias rubensRAR7Asterias rubensFAR1Asterias rubensNAR1
Asterias rubensNAR2Asterias rubensFAR3
Asterias rubensDM41
Asterias rubensRAR3
Asterias rubensNAR7
Asterias rubensRAR8
99
Asterias amurensisAaun1
Asterias amurensisAAun3
Asterias amurensisAun2
89
Asterias amurensisAA J24
79
Asterias amurensisAA Y18
Asterias amurensis cm
l
97Asterias am
urensisAA4T
Asterias amurensisEch001
Asterias amurensisAA 18
Asterias amurensis3
Asterias amurensis1
Asterias am
urensisAA
3T
Asterias am
urensisAA
M48
Asterias am
urensisAA
1T
Asterias am
urensisAA
N43
Asterias am
urensisAA
2TA
sterias amurensisA
A R
5A
sterias amurensis2
7391
92
9970
Ast
eria
s fo
rbes
iiCA
F1-A
Ast
eria
s fo
rbes
iiCA
F1
Ast
eria
s fo
rbes
ii 1
Aste
rias
forb
esiiW
H32-
A
Aste
rias
forb
esiiW
H32
Aste
rias
forb
esiiA
F2
Aste
rias
forb
esiiC
AF3-
A
Aste
rias
forb
esiiC
AF3
Aster
ias fo
rbes
iiWH31
-A
Asteria
s for
besii
WH31
Asteria
s forb
esiiW
H28
Asteria
s forbes
iiCAF5
Asterias fo
rbesiiWH27
Asterias fo
rbesiiWH28-A
Asterias forbesiiCAF5-A
Asterias forbesiiWH27-A
Asterias forbesiiAF1
Asterias forbesiiAF3
Asterias forbesiiWH35-AAsterias forbesiiWH35
99
97
Forcipulatida sp AAA8344 As262Distolasterias niponAphelasterias japonica1Aphelasterias japonica3
Aphelasterias japonica5
Aphelasterias japonica2
Aphelasterias japonica4 73
99
0.02
Phylogene-tic tree of fragment sequences of mitochond-rial COI gene in several species of sea stars.
Phylogenetic trees for Asterias generated using the best-fit maximum likelihood model in each data set (COI: HKY + f; ITS: F81). (A) Cytochrome c oxidase I phylogeny of inter- and intraspecific Asterias relationships. Here all characters (first, second, and third position) are included; an identical topology is found using parsimony or distance methods, or looking at third-position characters alone. Bootstrap support for each species is indicated by the numbers below each branch. These data do not reject a molecular clock model. The divergence across the Arctic (between A. amurensis and the Atlantic species) is considered to be 3.5 Ma; this generates an estimate of about 3.0 Ma for the divergence between A. rubens and A. amurensis.
Biogeography of Asterias: North Atlantic Climate Change and Speciation (after Wares, 2001
The ratio of species of sea stars in common with the North Atlantic and North Pacific in a variety of Arctic regions at depths of 0-300 m. 1 - the proportion of species (%) in common with the North Atlantic, and 2 - the proportion of species (%) in common with the North Pacific.
The ratio of starfish species with the North Atlantic and North Pacific origin in a variety Arctic regions at depths of 0-300 m. 1 - the proportion of species (%) from the North Atlantic, 2 - the proportion of species (%) in common with the North Pacific, 3 - species of unknown origin
The proportion of different origins species in the individual basins of the Arctic Ocean.
NorS - Norwegian Sea; BarS - Barents Sea; KarS - Kara Sea; LapS - Laptev Sea; ESibS - East
Siberian Sea; ChukS - Chukchi Sea; NLGB - Norwegian and Greenland basins; CAB - Nansen and
Amundsen; CanB - Canadian Basin . (Krylova, Ivanov, 2012)
Asterias rubens BBS1 Asterias rubensDMAV4 Asterias rubensWAR5 Asterias rubensNAR6 Asterias rubens BBS7 Asterias rubensDM46 Asterias rubens BBS3 Asterias rubensNS31 Asterias rubens1 Asterias rubensRAR5 Asterias rubens BBS2 Asterias rubensWAR1 Asterias rubensFAR1 Asterias rubensDM49 Asterias rubensRAR8
Gp1
Asterias amurensisAA J24 Asterias amurensisAA Y18 Asterias amurensisAaun1
Gp2
Asterias amurensisAA 18 Asterias amurensis1 Asterias amurensis3 Asterias amurensisAA M48 Asterias amurensisAA1T Asterias amurensisAA2T Asterias amurensis2
Gp3
Asterias forbesiiCAF1 Asterias forbesiiCAF1-A Asterias forbesiiWH28 Asterias forbesiiAF3 Asterias forbesiiWH27-A Asterias forbesiiWH31-A Asterias forbesiiWH32
Gp4
Gp5 Forcipulatida sp AAA8344 As262 Aphelasterias japonica5 Aphelasterias japonica3 Aphelasterias japonica1 Aphelasterias japonica2 Aphelasterias japonica4
Gp7
Gp6 Distolasterias nipon
94
60
92
57
100
58
100
78
80
100
93
90
100
The evolutionary relationships between taxa of sea stars, derived by the maximum parsimony method from mitochondrial COI gene sequences.
Asterias amurensis1
Asterias amurensis2
Asterias amurensis3
Asterias forbesii isolCAF2
Asterias rubens3
Asterias rubens1
Asterias rubens2
Aphelasterias japonica5
59
97
56
99
68
0.05
Анализ последовательностей спейсеров ITS1, ITS2, 5,8S рРНК методом максимального правдоподобия.
The results of the analysis indicate a high degree of interspecies isolation studied in this paper types. The level of intraspecific divergence estimated from genetic distances within species clusters varied in the range between 0.003 and 0.009, while the level of interspecific divergence, as measured by genetic distance between species clusters, varied in the range between 0.104 and 0.298. In comparisons with mitochondrial COI marker, evaluation of genetic divergence from nuclear gene markers (ITS 1 and 2, 5.8S rRNA gene) revealed lower level of interspecies divergence, but higher level intergeneric divergence.Analysis of the current geographical distribution of the genus Asterias points to inhabit two species in the North Atlantic. A. forbesii dwells on the shelf of the North American coast from Cape Hatteras to Cape Cape Cod, north of the area which extends A. rubens. European populations which inhabit the shelf of the European Atlantic coast of Iceland to the west of France. The U.S. population A. rubens originally were referred to the species A. vulgaris. Areas of North American populations of A. forbesi and A. rubens overlap to a large part of the shelf around Cape Cape Cod (Franz et al., 1981). Large genetic distances between populations of these species indicate a lack of cross-species hybridization.
Paleontological data show that the penetration of the genus Asterias in the North Atlantic there were at least 3.5 million years ago, followed by trans-Arctic migration was interrupted due to climate change (Worley, Franz, 1983). This date is the starting point for determining the time of divergence between the North Pacific and North Atlantic sea A.amurensis taxa (Wares, 2001).
Our results show that the genetic distance between the North Atlantic taxa is no less than between A.amurensis and North Atlantic taxa. Consequently, the exchange of genes between the North Atlantic populations of A. forbesi and A. rubens, too, had to be interrupted not later than 3.5 million years ago.
Molecular-genetic analysis of starfishes Asterias amurensis and A. rubens
A.L. Drozdov, I.P. Vladychenskaya, ,N.B. Petrov
Institute of Marine Biology, FEB RASInstitute of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, ,
Moscow State UnMoscow State Universityiversity
E-mailE-mail:: [email protected] [email protected]
Asterias amurensis, red sea star A. rubens,
common, or Forbes sea star A. forbesi