Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Traffic

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Series H: Cell Biology, Vol. 74

Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Traffic

Edited by

D. James Morn§ Department of Medicinal Chemistry HANS Life Science Research Building Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA

Kathryn E. Howell C & S Biology University of Colorado School of Medicine Denver, CO, USA

John J. M. Bergeron Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology McGill University Montreal PO H3A 2B2, Canada

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

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Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Cell-Free Analysis of the Functional Organization of the Cytoplasm: Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Traffic, held at Airlie, Virginia, USA, May 9-13, 1992

ISBN 978-3-662-02930-5

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Molecular mechanisms of membrane traffic / edited by D. James Morre, Kathryn E. Howell, John J. M. Bergeron. p. cm. -(NATOASI series. H, Cell biology; voI. 74) "Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Cell-Free Analysis of the Functional Organization 01 the Cytoplasm: Molecular Mechanisms 01 Membrane Traffic, held at Airlie, Virginia, USA, on May9-13, 1992"-T.p. verso. Inciudes bibliographical relerences and indexes. ISBN 978-3-662-02930-5 ISBN 978-3-662-02928-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-02928-2

1. Cell membranes-Congresses. 2. Biological transport--Congresses.1. Morre, D. James, 1935-. II. Howell, Kathryn E., 1939- .111. Bergeron, John J. M., 1946- . IV. NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Cell­Free Analysis 01 the Functional Organization 01 the Cytoplasm: Molecular Mechanisms 01 Membrane Trallic (1992: Airlie, Va.) V. Series: NATO ASI series. Series H. Cell biology; voi. 74. QH601.M65 1993 574.87'5-dc20 93-1200

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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1993 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st ed ition 1993

Typesetting: Camera ready by authors 31/3145 - 5 43210 - Printed on acid-Iree paper

Preface The study of membrane traffic in reconstituted cell-free systems has

generated an unprecedented amount of new information on the biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics of membrane-based molecular events that underly normal and abnormal cellular function. Many of the individual steps have now been isolated and dissected in simple systems that permit detailed molecular analyses of transport mechanisms and their regulation. Reconstituted events of intercompartment transport include inter-membrane recognition, and controlled membrane fusion-fission reactions.

Among the many advances is the growi ng awareness of a remarkabl e evolutionary conservation of many of the components involved in the many steps of membrane traffic, this realization has accelerated greatly the pace of progress in the field.

This book provides a collection of participant contributions from the 1992 Summer Research Conference, "Mol ecul ar Mechani sms of Membrane Traffi c, " jointly sponsored with NATO by the American Society of Cell Biology. The conference was held May 9-13, at the Airlie Conference Center in the Virginia countryside, near Warrenton.

The conference was attended by 158 scientists. A unique feature was the high proportion of young scientists among the participants. Approximately 65% were students, postdoctoral fe 11 ows and young investigators. Each attendee contri buted to the conference with either a pl atform or poster presentation.

The major focus of the conference was on new data that begi ns to provide, for the first time, a detailed picture of the molecular events of vesicular membrane traffic. Both the small molecular mass GTP-binding and trimeric G proteins were implicated in practically all membrane traffic steps and provided a major theme of the conference.

We thank the plenary speakers who contributed so much to the success and continuity of the program, and Dottie Doyle and the staff of the American Society of Cell Biology National Office for exquisite program organization and local arrangements. Appreciation is extended as well to Prof. Placido Navas, Chairperson of the NATO Advisory Committee, and Sarah Craw for capable assistance in the organization of this volume.

Fi nanci a 1 support for student scho 1 arshi ps provided by the Nat i ona 1 Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health and the Keith Porter Endowment for Cell Biology is gratefully acknowledged. Additional support

was provided by the Upjohn Company, Abbott Laboratories, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Corning Incorporated, Estee Lauder, Inc., JEOL U.S.A., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories, Monsanto Company and Rainin Instrument Company, Inc.

D. J. Morre K. E. Howell J. J. M. Bergeron

CONTENTS

Preface

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND TRANSPORT TO GOLGI COMPLEX

Cell-Free Analysis of ER to Golgi Apparatus Vesicular Traffic ....... 1-15 D J Morre and D M Morre

Identification of a Novel Post-ER, Pre-Golgi Compartment Where Unassembled Monomers of Oligomeric Proteins Accumulate .... 17-34

T C Hobman, I Woodward, M Komuro and M G Farquhar

G Protein Regulation of Vesicular Transport Through the Exocytic Pathway ................................................... 35-44

W E Balch, H Plutner, R Schwaninger, E J Tisdale, H W Davidson, J Bourne, S Pind and F Peter

Fusion Rapidly Follows Vesicle Transport to the Target Membrane in Protein Transport Through the Golgi Apparatus In Vitro. A Reevaluation of Transport Kinetics Based on the Finding That the Glycosylation Used to Mark Transport, and Not Transport Itself is Rate Limiting in the Assay ..................... .45-51

R R Hiebsch and B W Wattenberg

Immunocytochemical Analysis of the Transfer of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Glycoprotein from the Intermediate Compartment to the Golgi Complex ......................................... 53-54

S Bonatti, L V Lotti, M R Torrisi, M C Pascale

Synthesis of Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol Anchor is Initiated in the Endoplasmic Reticulum ..................................... 55-56

J Vidugiriene and A K Menon

Protein Trafficking Along the Exocytotic Pathway .................... 57-58 W Hong

A Short N-Terminal Sequence is Responsible for the Retention of Inv~iant Chain (Ii) in the Endoplasmic Reticulum ......... 59-60

M-P Schutze, M R Jackson and P A Peterson

Isolation and Characterization of the Principal ATPase of Transitional Elements of the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Rat Liver ........ 61-62

L Zhang and D J Morre

A GTP Hydrolase Activity Purified from Transitional Endoplasmic Reticulum of Rat Liver Binds Retinol ...................... 63-64

J Zhao and D M Morre

A 38 kDa Protein Resident to Cis Golgi Apparatus Cisternae of Rat Liver is Recognized by an Antibody Directed Against a Subunits of Trimeric G-Proteins .................................... 65-66

A 0 Brightman, M Paulik, J B Lawrence, T Reust, C C Geilen, K Spicher, W Reutter, D M Morre and D J Morre

VIII

Acyl Transfer Reactions Associated with Cis Golgi Apparatus ......... 67-68 J B Lawrence, T W Keenan and D J Morre

Hepatic Bile Formation: Intracellular Trafficking of Bile Salts ..... 69-70 J M Crawford, S Barnes, R C Stearns, D L Hastings, D C J Strahs and J J Godleski

Wheat Storage Proteins as a Model System to Study the Mechanism of Protein Sorting Within the Endoplasmic Reticulum .......... 71-72

G Galili and Y Altschuler

IMPORT INTO MITOCHONDRIA, PEROXISOMES, CHLOROPLASTS AND VACUOLES

Determinants of Outer Membrane Protein Sorting and Topology in Mi tochondri a .............................................. 73 -79

G C Shore, H M McBride, D G Millar and J -M Li

Molecular Chaperones HSP70 and HSP60 in Protein Folding and Membrane Translocation .................................... 81-90

J Martin and F -U Hartl

Cytosolic Reactions in Mitochondrial Protein Import ................. 91-94 D M Cyr and M G Douglas

Human Bifunctional Enzyme and Its Import Into Peroxisomes ........... 95-98 G L Chen and M C McGuinness

Transport of Microinjected Proteins into the Peroxisomes of Mammalian Cells ........................................... 99-100

P A Walton, S J Gould and S Subramani

Isolation and Characterization of a Functionally Active Protein Translocation Apparatus from Chloroplast Envelopes ........ 101-104

K Waegemann and J Soll

Protein Insertion into the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane ............. 105-106 D Millar and GC Shore

The Membrane-Bound 95 kDa Subunit of the Yeast Vacuolar Proton-Pumping ATPase is Required for Enzyme Assembly and Activity ....... 107-108

M F Manolson, D Proteau, R A Preston, M E Colosimo, B T Roberts, M A Hoyt and E W Jones

The Traffic of Molecules Across the Tonoplast of Plant Cells ........ 109-110 B P Marin

Fusicoccin Binding and Internalization by Soybean Protoplasts ....... 111-112 M A Villanueva, R. Stout and L R Griffing

TRAFFIC WITHIN AND FROM THE GOLGI COMPLEX

TGN38 and Small GTP Binding Proteins are Part of a Macromolecular .... 113-116 Complex in the Trans-Golgi Network

K E Howell

IX

p-Cop, a Coat Protein of Nonclathrin-Coated Vesicles of The Golgi Complex, is involved in Transport of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein ........................................ 117-126

R Duden, B Storrie, R Pepperkok, J Scheel, B Joggerst-Thomalla, A Sawyer, H Horstmann, G Griffiths and T E Kreis

Defining the Retention Signal in a Model Golgi Membrane Protein ..... 127-133 C E Machamer, M G Grim, A Esquela, K Ryan and A M Swift

Organization of the Glycoprotein and Polysaccharide Synthetic Pathways in the Plant Golgi Apparatus .............................. 135-144

L A Staehelin

CLIP-170, a Cytoplasmic Linker Protein Mediating Interaction of Endosomes with Mi crotubul es ............................... 145-157

J Scheel, J E. Rickard, P Pierre, D Hennig, P I Karecla, R Pepperkok, G Joggerst-Thomalla, A Sawyer, R G Parton and T E Kreis

Maturat i on of Secretory Granul es .................................... 159-162 S A Tooze

Fatty Acylation in Membrane Trafficking and During Mitosis .......... 163-166 D I Mundy

Rates of Synthesis and Selective Loss Into the Bile of Four Rat Liver Proteins and the Polymeric IgA Receptor ................... 167-170

L J Scott and A L Hubbard

Effect of Brefeldin A Treatment on the Resident Golgi Protein, MG160.171-172 P A Johnston and N K Gonatas

Inhibition of Cholera Toxin by Brefeldin A .......................... 173-174 P A Orlandi, P Curran and P H Fishman

Selective Association with Golgi of ADP-Ribosylation Factors, 20-kDa Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein Activators of Cholera Toxin .................................................... 175-176

S -C Tsai, R Adamik, R Haun, J Moss and M Vaughan

Intracellular Transport and Post-Translational Modifications of a Secretory Heat Shock Protein of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae .. 177-178

M Simonen, M Wikstrom, B Walse and M Makarow

Transport to the Cell Surface of Chlamydomonas: Mastigonemes as a Marker for the Flagellar Membrane ......................... 179-180

M Bernstein and J L Rosenbaum

LIPID TRAFFICKING PROTEINS OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE AND THEIR INTERACTION

Lipid Transport From the Golgi to the Plasma Membrane of Epithelial Cell s. .................................................... 181-185

G van Meer, I L van Genderen, W van 't Hof, K N J Burger and P van der Bijl

x

Lipid Traffic to the Plasma Membrane of Leek Cells. Sorting Based on Fatty Acyl Chain Length ................................... 187-195

P Moreau, B Sturbois, L Maneta-Peyret, D J Morre and C Cassagne

Hexadecy1phosphocho1ine as a Useful Tool for Investigating Phosphatidy1cho1ine Biosynthesis and Sorting .............. 197-198

C C Gei1en, Th Wieder and W Reutter

Biosynthesis of the Scrapie Prion Protein in Scrapie-Infected Cell s. .•••.........•....•....••..••....•........••....•... 199-200

A Tarabou10s, D R Borchelt, A Raeber, D Avrahami and S B Prusiner

Protein Phosphorylation Regulates the Cellular Trafficking and Processing of the Alzheimer Beta/A4 Amyloid Precursor Protein .................................................. 201-202

G L Caporaso, S E Gandy, J D Buxbaum, T Suzuki, C Nordstedt, K Iverfe1dt, T B Ramabhadran, A J Czernik, A C Nairn and P Greengard

Targeting of the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor in Transfected PCI2Ce11s ................................................ 203-204

F Bonze1ius, G A Herman, M H Cardone, K E Mostov and R B Kelly

THE ENDOCYTIC PATHWAY AND SIGNALS

Signals for Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis ........................... 205-214 I S Trowbridge, J Co11awn, S White and ALai

Regulation of Early Endosome Fusion In Vitro .•.......••....•..•••... 215-228 o Steele-Mortimer, M J Clague, L Thomas, J-P Gorve1 and Jean Gruenberg

Adaptins and Their Role in C1athrin-Mediated Vesicle Sorting ........ 229-236 M S Robinson, C L Ball and M N J Seaman

Endosomes and Cell Signalling ....................................... 237-244 B I Posner and J J M Bergeron

The Tubu1 ar Early Endosome .......................................... 245-267 J Tooze and M Hollinshead

Direct Comparision of the Endocytic Routes of F1uorescent1y-Labe11ed Lipids and Transferrin .................................... 269-272

S Mayor and F R Maxfield

Linkage of Plasma Membrane Proteins with the Membrane Skeleton: Insights Into Functions in Polarized Epithelial Cells ..... 273-283

W J Nelson

Cell Specificity and Developmental Variation in the Targeting Pathways of FRT Cells ..................................... 285-288

C Zurzolo

XI

Phosphoglucomutase is a Cytoplasmic Glycoprotein Implicated in the Regul ated Secretory Pathway ............................... 289-292

D Auger, P Bounelis and R B Marchase

Protein Targeting and the Control of Cl- Secretion in Colonic Epithel i a 1 Cell s .......................................... 293-296

A P Morris, S A Cunningham, D J Benos and R A Frizzell

Apical Membrane Protein Sorting is Affected by Brefeldin A .......... 297-299 C B Brewer and M GRoth

Structural Analysis of the Clathrin Triskelion ...................... 301-305 I S Nathke and F M Brodsky

Polarity in Neurons and Epithelial Cells: Distribution of Endogenous and Exogenous Ion Pumps and Transporters .................. 307-308

G Pietrini

Biochemical Properties and Expression of Tau Proteins in the Endocytic Compartment During Liver Regeneration ..................... 309-310

M Verges, W H Evans and C Enrich

Identification of Hepatic Endocytic Proteins Potentially Involved in Membrane Traffic ....................................... 311-312

C Enrich, M Verges and W H Evans

Studies on Sequence Requirements for Basolateral Targeting of the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor in MDCK Cells ........... 313-314

B Aroeti and K Mostov

Endocytosis by Trypanosoma Brucei: Proteases and Their Possible Role in the Degradation of Anti-VSG Antibodies ............ 315-316

J D Lonsdale-Eccles, D J Grab, D C W Russo and P Webster

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis of EGF in a Cell Free System .......... 317-318 T E Redelmeier, C J Lamaze and S L Schmid

Transferrin on the Basolateral Surface Regulates Apical 59 Fe Uptake and Transport Across Intestinal Epithelial Cells .......... 319-320

X Alvarez-Hernandez and J Glass

Intracellular Trafficking of Salmonella typhimurium Within HeLa Epithelial Cells .......................................... 321-322

F Garcia-del Portillo and B B Finlay

Functional Analysis of Dynamin, a GTPase Meditating Early Endocytos is. .............................................. 323 -324

H S Shpetner, C C Burgess and R B Vallee

Identification of a Regulatory Domain in Dynamin .................... 325-326 J S Herskovits, C C Burgess and R B Vallee

Potassium Depletion Stimulates Clathrin-Independent Endocytosis in Rat Foetal Fibroblasts .................................... 327-328

Ph Cupers, A Kiss, P Baudhuin and P J Courtoy

XII

Clathrin Interaction with NADH Dehydrogenases of Rat Liver Plasma Membrane ................................................. 329-330

P Navas, J M Villalba, J C Rodriguez-Aguilera, A Canalejo and M I Buren

Putative Adaptor Proteins of Clathrin Coated Vesicles from Developing Pea ...................................................... 331-332

J M Butler and L Beevers

Uncoating of Plant Clathrin Vesicles by Uncoating ATPase from Peas .. 333-334 T Kirsch and L Beevers

LYSOSOMES AND DEGRADATION

Selective Degradation of Cytosolic Proteins by Lysosomes ............ 335-338 J F Dice

Role of Calcium, Protein Phosphorylation and the Cytoskeleton in HepatocyticAutophagy ..................................... 339-349

P 0 Seglen, I Holen and P B Gordon

Signals for Transport From Endosomes to Lysosomes ................... 351-358 J P Luzio, T Kuwana and B M Mullock

A New Receptor for Lysosomal Proenzymes ............................. 359-362 A H Erickson, G F McIntyre, G D Godbold and R L Chapman

A Protein Kinase/Lipid Kinase Complex Required for Yeast Vacuolar Protei n Sort i ng ........................................... 363 -366

J H Stack, P K Herman and S D Emr

The Morphology But Not the Function of Endosomes and Lysosomes is Affected by Brefe 1 din A ................................... 367 -370

S A Wood and W J Brown

Purification of the N-Acetylglucosamine-1-Phosphodiester s-N-Acetylglucosamindase from Human Lymphoblasts .............. 371-372

K-W Zhao and A L Miller

Altered Regulation of Protein Degradation in Tranformed Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells ................................ 373-374

H-K Lee, RAM Myers and L Marzella

An Examination of the Structure and Functions of the Bovine Vacuolar ATPase Using Antisense 01 igonucleotides ................... 375-376

J E Strasser, Y-x Pan, R Morris and G E Dean

MOLECULES IDENTIFIED IMPORTANT IN MEMBRANE TRAFFIC

Regulation of Endocytosis by the Small GTP-ase Rab5 ................. 377-385 R G Parton, C Bucci, B Hoflack and M Zerial

XIII

The Nucleotide Cycle of Sec4 is Important for its Function in VesicularTransport ....................................... 387-390

P Novick, P Brennwald, M D Garrett, M Moya, D Roberts and R Bowser

Activators of Trimeric G-Proteins Stimulate and Inhibit Inter-compartmental Golgi Transport In Vitro .................... 391-394

P J Weidman

Evidence of a Role for Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins and ARF in Endosome Fusion .................................... 395-398

L Mayorga, M I Colombo, J M Lenhard and P Stahl

The Small GTPase Rab4 Controls an Early Endocytic Sorting Event ..... 399-402 P van der Sluijs, M Hull and I Mellman

Protein Modifications and Their Significance in rab5 Function ....... 403-404 J C Sanford and M Wessling-Resnick

Low Molecular Weight GTP-Binding Proteins in Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes From Rat Liver and Rat Hepatocellular Carc i nomas. ............................................... 405 -406

J Lanoix and J Paiement

Low Molecular Weight GTP-Binding Proteins Associated with the Membranes Involved in Post-Golgi Transport of Rhodopsin ............. 407-408

D Deretic and D S Papermaster

Author Index ........................................................ 409-411

Subject Index ....................................................... 413-415