MANGALYAAN

 

India’s Mars Orbiter Mission

India used an old rocket and a lot of free gravity to send a satellite to Mars!

HOW…???

This is a mission that has been budgeted at 4.5bn rupees ($74m), which, by Western standards, is staggeringly cheap.

The American Maven orbiter that arrived at the Red Planet on September ‘14 is costing almost 10 times as much.

About ISRO

o ISRO is amongst the largest government space agencies in the world o It built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet Union on 19 April in 1975.o In 1980, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3.o ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets:• the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites into polar orbits • the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits.

About MANGALYAANThe Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), informally called Mangalyaan (Sanskrit: मङ्गलयान, "Mars-Craft"), is a Mars orbiter launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

The mission was a "technology demonstrator" project aimed to develop the technologies required for design, planning, management, and operations of an interplanetary mission.

PSLV(POLAR SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLE)

• The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle commonly known by its abbreviation PSLV, is an expendable launch system developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun synchronous orbits

LAP Lyman-Alpha Photometer                                                              1.97 kgMSM Methane Sensor For Mars                                                              2.94 kgMENCA Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser                           3.56 kgTIS Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer                           3.20 kgMCC Mars Colour Camera                                                              1.27 kg

Payload

Scientific instruments

The 15 kg of scientific payload consists of five instruments:

Lyman-Alpha Photometer (LAP) – a photometer that measures the relative abundance of deuterium and hydrogen . Measuring the deuterium/hydrogen ratio will allow an estimation of the amount of water loss to outer space.

Methane Sensor For Mars (MSM) – will measure methane in the atmosphere of Mars, if any, and map its sources. 

Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA) – is a analyser capable of analysing the neutral composition of particles in the exosphere.Surface imaging studies

Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (TIS) – will measure the temperature and emissivity of the Martian surface, allowing for the mapping of surface composition and mineralogy of Mars.

Mars Colour Camera (MCC) – will provide images in the visual spectrum, providing context for the other instruments.

LAUNCH AND ORBIT• launch will place from sriharikota and the Mars Orbiter will be placed into Earth orbit, then six engine firings will raise that orbit to one with an apogee of 215,000 km and a perigee of 600 km, where it will remain for about 25 days.

•  A final firing in 30 November 2013 will send MOM onto an interplanetary trajectory.

• Mars orbit insertion is planned for 21 September 2014 and would allow the spacecraft to enter a highly elliptical orbit of 372 km x 80,000 km around Mars.

TYPES OF TRAJECTORIES AND ORBITSThe terms trajectory and orbit both refer to the path of a body in space. Trajectory is associated with paths of limited extent, i. e., paths having clearly identified initial and end pointsTwo general types of paths are possible under the gravitational influence of a point mass

ELLIPTICAL Path : for artificial Earth satellite ’s Orbit

HYPERBOLIC Path : will characterize the start of an interplanetary flight

PARABOLIC Path : is the Borderline case between open and closed orbits

 The type of path that will be taken up by an unpowered space 

vehicle starting at a given location will depend upon its velocity. 

Escape Velocity is, by definition, that velocity required at a 

given location to establish a Parabolic Orbit.

 It will take up an open-ended path if its velocity equals or 

exceeds escape velocity

 Velocities greater than escape velocity result in Hyperbolic

orbits.

 Lower velocities result in closed Elliptical orbits - the vehicle is 

tied to the neighborhood of the planet.

Perigee and Apogee

MARS ORBIT MATCH

TRAJECTORY