Monash Sustainable Energy Day
Australia’s Greenhouse EmissionsRenewable Energy Markets and Opportunities
Outline
Australia’s Greenhouse Emissions Profile Policy Developments Electricity Consumption Trends Electricity’s Greenhouse Contribution Australian RE Programs International Targets for Renewable Energy
Australia’s GH Emissions, 1999
93.873.9
30.9 9.7 16
259.8
-25.9
71.7
-500
50100150200250300
Million
Tonnes CO2-
equivalent
Trends
Greenhouse Emissions by Sector
Land Use Change (incl land clearing)
18.0%
Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing15.1%
Mining (Export Coal Mining)4.1%
Mining (Iron Ore)0.6%
Mining (Other)1.9%
Manufacturing27.8%
Construction1.1%
Water and Sewerage0.4%
Commercial and Services4.9%
Households13.1%
All Passenger Transport11.6%
Other1.5%
Policy Developments
Federal Policy Developments Not committed to ratifying Kyoto Protocol Climate Change partnership with USA Still funding AGO and associated programs
State Gov Policy Developments NSW EPA released draft guidelines for EIA’s VIC EPA - Greenhouse emissions part of licence
compliance (existing licences & works approvals) QLD EPA - developing guidelines for same WA EPA - released guidelines and may veto projects
Policy Developments
State Gov - Dedicated Departments Mix of responsibilities NSW (SEDA, MEU, EPA) VIC (SEAV, DNRE, EPA)
Did You Know ?
Did you know ?
There is enough Brown Coal burnt in Victoria to fill the MCG every a) Day? b) Week? c) Month?
Ans = (b)
GH Emissions of Electricity
Electricity contributes 172 Million Tonnes CO2e p.a. in Australia
Equivalent to 37.5%37.5% of Australia’s Emissions
Electricity Trends
221
254
206199193
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2000 2001 2002 2005 2010
'000 G
Wh / a
nnum
Act
ual
Forecast electricity generation
Source: Electricity Australia 2001, ESAA
Electricity by Fuel Type
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
NS
W
VIC
QLD S
A
WA
TA
S
NT
SM
A
'00
0 M
W I
nsta
lle
d
Non-grid
Dual fuel
Hydro
Oil
Gas
Coal
Installed capacity by fuel type - 2000
Source: Electricity Australia 2001, ESAA
International Competitiveness
11.2 11.010.3 10.3 9.8
9.1 8.9 8.6 8.4
6.7 6.4 6.2
15.8
0
5
10
15
20 It
aly
Ko
rea
Be
lgiu
m
Po
rtug
al
Uni
ted
Kin
gd
om
Ire
land
Gre
ece
Fra
nce
Sp
ain
Ge
rma
ny
Ca
nad
a
AU
ST
RA
LIA
Fin
land
Source: Tariff Network of Experts, UNIPEDE, January 2001AUD$ - c/kWh Industrial
International electricity prices - January 2001 industrial
Electricity GH Trends
Electricity consumption rising Largest contributor to emissions - 37.5% in 1999 Emissions increase by 33% over 1990 levels One plank of strategy - Renewable Energy Others include:
Generator Efficiency standards Demand Side Management (energy efficiency) MEPS - appliances, hot water heaters, etc. Cogen? Emissions Trading, Others?
Renewable Energy Programs
MRET, 2%, 9500 GWh Green Power GH Friendly Electricity Others - RRPGP, REID, Grants, Subsidies (SHW, PV Rebate),
etc
MRET
Required GWh of Renewable Source Electricity
Year Required Additional GWh
2001 300
2002 1100
2003 1800
2004 2600
2005 3400
2006 4500
2007 5600
2008 6800
2009 8100
2010 andlater years
9500
MRET
Original Intent 2% Now likely to be 0.5% Cost $30-$40 / MWh for 0.5% of wholesale electricity
purchases Target review 2003
International Targets
Today 2010 AEA’s View ANZSES
Cogeneration Targets
Australia 5% No Target 10%
UK 7% 11%
EU 10% 18%
Germany 10% 20%
Renewable Targets (excl Lge Scale Hydro) No officialposition
Australia 1% 1.5% 6% 6% + Portfolio?
UK 2% 9%
EU 4% 9%
Germany 5% 10%
Solar House Day
September 8th 2002
Guided Tours of Some of Australia and New Zealand’s Most Energy Efficient Homes.
(Volunteers Required !!)