Monday 1/13/14

1. Turn in LAST PAGE of Frog Lab Packet (due today!)

2. Glue 44R&L into NB3. Update Agenda

Introduction to Chemistry

What is chemistry, anyways?

The study of matter- its structure, properties, and how it reacts with other matter

Matter

Matter = any material substance with Mass & Volume

Matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

comes in 3 phases

Solid

Definite Shape

Definite Volume

Liquid

Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container

Definite Volume

Gas

Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container

Indefinite Volume – can expand and be compressed

Elements

the 100+ pure substances that make up everything in the universe

Examples of Elements

H = Hydrogen

C = CarbonO = Oxygen

N = Nitrogen

S = Sulfur

Na = SodiumCa = CalciumK = PotassiumI = Iodine

Cl = ChlorineP = Phosphorus

Atom the smallest particle making up elements

Sub-atomic Particles

Protons p+ - positive charge, in nucleus

Electrons - e- negative charge, orbiting nucleus

Neutrons n0 – no charge, in nucleus

Drawing an Atom of Carbon

C12.011

6

Atomic Mass

Atomic #

minus Atomic # = # of n0

= # of p+ and # of e-

Carbon has 6 p+ and 6 e-

Carbon has 6 n0

Drawing an Atom of Carbon

6 p+

6 n0

e-

e-

e- e-

e-

e-

Compounds & Molecules

Molecule - 2 or more elements chemically combined to form a

new substance with new properties

Compound- 2 or more DIFFERENT elements chemically combined to form a new substance with new

propertiesProperties – The way a chemical substance looks and

behaves

Examples

Compounds

H20 Cl2

H2 NaCl

KOH

Molecules

H2O NaCl

KOH H2S04

Molecules

Glucose Sugar

C6H12O6

Chemical formula

C

H

OH

C C

C

C CH

HH

H

H

HOH

O

OH

HOOH

Structural formula

Compounds

Inorganic Compounds or Organic

Compounds • usually don’t contain

Carbon• generally come from the

earth• generally simple

molecules

• always contain Carbon, and usually H, O, N, sometimes S & P

• originate in organisms• generally complex molecules

Examples of Inorganic Compounds

H + O = H2O = Water

H + Cl = HCl = Hydrochloric Acid

C + O = CO2 = Carbon Dioxide

Na + Cl = NaCl = Common Table Salt

Examples of Organic Compounds

C, H + O Carbohydrates = Sugars, starches & cellulose

C, H + O Lipids = Fats & Oils

C, H, O, N, & sometimes P + S

Proteins

C, H, O, N, + P Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA

Atoms are not CREATED or DESTROYED during a chemical reaction.

This is known as the LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS.

Chemical Equations

HW Time

•Read directions & clues!•Use your Periodic Table

(44L)