Monday 9/29RAP– In the Arizona book, read page 51 – Mexican Arizona and

Manifest Destiny– and answer the following questions.1. Who were the types of American citizens that came to seek wealth

from the land in Arizona?

2. What war was the U.S. involved in during this time?

3. What did the war end with? Explain.

Today:– You will read pages 52-60 and take notes.

• Please work quietly. One ear bud in and one out. • When you complete your reading notes – turn it in.• Once you have finished the reading and turned it in:

• please grab a map from my desk; quietly work on the map of the US.• You will find the information in the US history textbook (back) or in the Arizona

book.

Mexican Arizona and Manifest Destiny (1821-1856)

• Mexico gains independence from Spain in1821.– The people who lived in Tucson, Tubac, and

Tumacacori were made up of Pima, Papagos, Apaches, and Hispanic.

– Many other native groups lived in, and around, the area as they had for centuries.

READING WHO WAS INVOLVED? DATE OR TIME FRAME

WHAT HAPPENED?

Populating the Frontier

The Arrival of US citizens

Unwelcome visitors

Mexican colonization

War with Mexico

Gold in California

Norte Americanos come to stay

Political unrest in Sonora

Manifest Destiny: US citizen’s view

Manifest Destiny: Mexican citizen’s view

Manifest Destiny: Other view points

Tuesday 9/30

RAP• What brought people from the US to this area

(Arizona) in the early to mid 1800s?

Today:• Review Arizona and manifest destiny• Wednesday Quiz ch. 5• HW: Ch. 6.1—Slavery to Compromises.

– Take notes

• President video.

Populating the Frontier– Mexican government wanted to populate the

frontier after pushing out the Spanish.– The Norte americanos were coming to the area,

whether invited or not.• Why should the Mexican government be weary of

them?

– Mexican and Norte americanos were moving into the area to establish a life.

• Both groups had trouble with hostile Apaches.

The Arrival of U.S. Citizens• The Santa Fe Trail was a trail from Independence Missouri to Santa

Fe, New Mexico established in Nov. 1821. – The trail or road brought people, good quality merchandise, and

information west establishing a new trade between the Norte Americanos and the Mexicans.

• Residents now did not feel isolated, but enjoyed the good quality of goods coming their way.

Unwelcome Visitors– Mexican officials did not trust

fur trappers because of their movement.

• Trapped along the Gila river and Salt River

– One of the most famous trappers was Christopher Carson or Kit Carson.

• 19 years old out to New Mexico in 1829.

Mexican Colonization Continues– Hispanic settlers failed to grow by the 1830s in

Arizona.– Hostile Apaches were still raiding farmers and

settlers.• Soldiers escorted people to farms and riverbanks so

the Apaches would not kill them.

– Why were Sonoran and Chihuahuan authorities willing to pay bounties for Apache scalps?

• Pay for men, women, or children scalps to stop the attacks.

• Just angered the Apaches

– In 1837, an American scalp hunter went to an Apache village peacefully indicating they wanted to trade, but set off a canon killing 19 Apaches.

War With MexicoIn 1845, Texas becomes a part of the U.S.• On April 24, 1846, war with Mexico began in Texas and spread

west.• President James K. Polk ordered forces west to Texas to

occupy the still disputed territory between the Nueces R. and the Rio Grande R.

• The forces were led by General Zachary Taylor.--Santa Fe was captured in August of 1846, by Col. Kearny

• Kit Carson served as a scout.– Carson advised them to go around Tucson and Tubac.

– The Mormon Battalion was made up of Mormons who had volunteered for service.

• They hoped to show their patriotism and gain experience in the frontier.• Also, they wanted to leave communities that were hostile towards them.• They helped the war effort by building a road from Santa Fe to San

Diego. – The war ended on February 2, 1848 with the Treaty of Guadalupe

Hidalgo.• For 15 million the US gained all of Arizona north of the Gila R., most of NM,

Alta CA, NV, UT, portions of CO, WY, KS, and OK.

Gold in California• On January 24,

1848, James Marshall discovered gold in California!!– It set off a wave of

people heading west to strike it rich.

• In 1849 as many as 100,000 gold seekers had moved to California! the forty-niners!!

• More people began to come through AZ

NorteAmericanos come to stay• People were leaving AZ to go to California to strike it

rich!– Leaving Arizona unprotected from raiding

Apaches• Tucson became a military colony of Mexico not a

presidio.• Forty niners ridiculed and mistreated the citizens of

Arizona, especially the Apaches, and other friendly natives.

• Many forty-niners who failed to become rich in California returned to the east via Arizona.– Many stayed in Arizona.

• US needed an all weather railroad route to California• In 1854, James Gadsden negotiates with

President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna of Mexico, and the US acquires the southern Arizona and New Mexico from Mexico for ten million dollars.– Now Tucson, Tubac, and Tumacacori all belong

to the US.– Most of Tucson’s military left for the southern

border

Political Unrest in Sonora

1820-1830s, Mexico had been distracted by Texas early on and were not paying attention to the problems in Arizona with the Apaches.

• Federalists in Mexico wanted individual states to have more power

• Centralists in Mexico wanted the central government strengthened.

• So, in Sonora, Mexico they are having problems over who would rule-federalists or centralists- along with, conflicts with Apaches and other tribes.

– By 1846, the Federalist – Centralist debate is still unsettled and Mexico and the US are about to go to war.

Opposing Views of Manifest Destiny• US Citizens view:

– Our destiny to overspread the continent.• John L. O’Sullivan

– Believed US expansion would not – should not end with Texas, but go all the way to California.

– Natural tendency of Americans to spread their civilization.– Settlers had “..a truer right to the land….” because they had fought, sacrificed, and suffered

for it, where as Mexico inherited it from Spain.

• A Mexican Citizen’s View:– Jose Maria Tornel y Mendivil (Mexico’s minister of war)

• Felt that US has thought about acquisition of this territory since they were a very young nation.

• After Texas won its war Tornel warned Mexico of the movement of the US westward.– Domino effect

• Other Viewpoints:– Ulysses S. Grant, served in the Mexican / American war

• Felt that President Polk had provoked a fight with Mexico.– Abraham Lincoln, congressman from Illinois

• Challenged President Polk on war with Mexico and their encroachment on our territory.– African Americans and some European American citizens

• Feared the spread of slavery into the new land.– Charles Sumner, later a Massachusetts senator, declared war of conquest is bad.– Frederick Douglass agreed—”people are rejoicing at peace, not plunder”– John C. Calhoun, of SC, opposed war for fear of setting a precedent enabling all future

presidents to bring about a state of things where Congress is forced to declare war.

Quiz on Wednesday

• President video

• HW: Read Ch. 6.1 Slavery—stop at Compromises-and take notes on handout. – Due Wednesday

• Open US Textbook to page 158:SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY– Read these two pages and answer the

following question in your notes.• What advantages did the steam locomotive have

over the steamboat?• What effect did steam power have on the pace of

the Industrial Revolution?

• Study for Quiz• Check grades with Ms. G

Wednesday 10/1RAP• How did slaves resist slavery?• What is sectionalism?• What was the gospel tradition?

Today:GET US TEXTBOOKS Stamp Ch. 6.1 notes

CE presentationsquiz on Ch. 5 and AZSlavery DBQ’s

Title: Quiz Ch. 5 and AZName, date (10/7), period, quiz ID– A or B

Make sure notes are in order.