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MONERANS(bacteria)
Notes
Bacteria are ancient
fossil bacteria have been found dating back 3.5 billion years
Bacteria = been around for 76% of earth’s history
People = been around for 0.004% of earth’s history
How long is 1 million years?Ex. You must spend $1,000/day How
long will it take you to spend . . . $1,000? $1,000,000? $1,000,000,000
1 day 2.74 years 2,740 years
Bacteria are Everywhere!!
In water volcanic vents at the bottom of the sea in the air on your skin in the soil (Actinomycetes gives soil it’s
smell)
How many bacteria are there?
There are more bacteria in your mouth than all the people that have ever lived!
Bacteria may outweigh trees in total biomass -- How possible? They are found deep in the soil, on the highest mountains and in the deepest oceans
Characteristics of Bacteria
Shapes- round, rod-shaped, spiral, many others
Colors - red,yellow,blue,tan,orange,violet and others
Appearance - colonies of bacteria will appear as slick, wet looking circles of colored growth
Structure of bacteria
Bacteria have no nucleus The hereditary material, RNA, floats freely
in the cytoplasm Some bacteria have flagella In addition to a cell membrane and a cell
wall bacteria have a capsule that protects them
Basic Bacteria Structure
Flagella Capsule Cell Wall Cell Membrane Hereditary Material Cytoplasm
Life functions of bacteria
Aerobic - use oxygen (most common today) Anaerobic - does not need oxygen Magnetotitic - use the Earth’s magnetic
field to stay buried in the mud heterotrophic - parasites, decomposers autotrophic - photosynthesis,
chemosynthesis
How tough are bacteria?
When conditions for growth deteriorate bacteria can form an endospore. This tough coating can protect them for a long time. Example: Dr. Cano at Cal Poly has removed 20 million year old bacteria from fossilized amber, put it in optimal growth conditions and watched as it came back to life and started growing!
Why are bacteria so important?
They are the world’s ultimate recyclers As decomposers bacteria breakdown dead
organisms returning the molecules from the organisms to the soil
so the cycle oflife can
continue
Bacteria: the + and the -
the positives decomposers added first oxygen to
atmosphere start soil production make vitamins make foods make antibiotics base of food chain
the negatives spoil food(fridge
slows down growth) cause disease tooth decay damage roads
Bacteria LabDifferential staining
Different types of bacteria have cell walls that are structurally different
In this lab, we will see how we can use this fact to help determine different types of unkown bacteria