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Monitoring environmental health around Schiphol airport Carla van Wiechen, Danny Houthuijs, Siem Heisterkamp, Erik Lebret
Monitoring environmental health around Schiphol airport
Carla van Wiechen, Danny Houthuijs, Siem Heisterkamp, Erik Lebret
2EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
F
GB
DB
NL
3EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
Health Impact Assessment Schiphol (HIAS)
Monitoring programme 2002 - 2006
Aims
• to keep the “finger on the pulse”
• to assess changes in environmental quality and environmentally related health effects
• to support the decision making process on the development of air traffic
4EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - Monitoring
Combination of various study designs
• cross-sectional questionnaire survey (2002)– reference data
• panel study (2002 - 2005)– in areas with expected changes in aircraft noise
• small area level analyses with routine data– follow-up spatial pattern of disease
5EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statisticsHealth data• hospital admissions
– cardiovascular diseases– respiratory diseases
• medication use– cardiovascular– respiratory– sleeping pills / sedatives
• Environment Advisory Committee Schiphol– number of complainants about aircraft noise
6EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statistics
Population data• per postcode area, by 5-year age and sex
– yearly updated (national statistical office)
Health determinants at postcode level• socio-economic indicators
– % high and low income– average value of housing stock
• % non-Western immigrants• smoking
– estimation of % smokers
7EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statisticsGeographical data
• spatial link
via postcode
• area 55 km2
• 490 postcodes
• total population:
2,890,000
• postcode average:
5,900 inhabitants
[10 - 21,000]
8EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statistics
Environmental exposure data
air traffic noise
Lden (day, evening, night)
50 dB(A)
58 dB(A)
9EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statistics
Environmental exposure data
Lnight (23:00-7:00)
49 dB(A)
10EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
11EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
Average Lden per postcode with min. and max. values (2000)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80dB(A)
12EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
variance:
• between postcodeshigh (30)
• within postcodeslow (1)
• between yearslowest (0.5)
Average values of Lden
per postcode
<= 41
42 - 45
46 - 49
50 - 53
54 - 57
58 - 61
62 - 65
> 65
50 dB(A)-contour (Lden), 2000<= 41
42 - 45
46 - 49
50 - 53
54 - 57
58 - 61
62 - 65
> 65
50 dB(A)-contour (Lden), 2000 0 km 10
13EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statistics
Statistical method– Bayesian disease mapping– spatiotemporal modelling– Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation methods
(MCMC)– compare competing models:
exchangeableconditional autoregressive (CAR)
– use of Expected Predicted Deviance (EPD)
14EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
Complainantsaircraft noise
– Standard Ratio– year 2000– model:
exchangeable – interaction
of time and site
<=90
>90-110
>110-150
>150-200
>200-300
>300
50 dB(A)-contour (Lden), 2000not significant
<=90
>90-110
>110-150
>150-200
>200-300
>300
50 dB(A)-contour (Lden), 2000 0 km 10
15EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
x-axis: average Lden per postcode (logarithmic)y-axis: Mean SMR (complainants), Exchangeable-model + interaction, year 2000 where postcode areas have >= 100 inhabitants
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
100
16EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - small area health statistics
Resuming• ingredients to get started• further development of aggregated health
determinants• search for solutions to constraints• further exploration of exposure co-variables
Thank you for your attention!
17EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - Monitoring
Environmental exposure data
Expected changes
between years
2000 and 2005
(Lden)
noise decrease
noise increase
18EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
HIAS - Monitoring
Environmental exposure data
Road traffic
Lday (7:00-23:00)
49 dB(A)
19EUROHEIS 30-31 March 2003 | Carla van Wiechen
Health Impact Assessment Schiphol (HIAS)
Phase I 1991-1993
Health studies in relation to environmental pollution,as part of Environmental Impact Assessment
Phase II 1995-2002
Fill up gaps in knowledge
• Ecological studies: health registries
• Epidemiological field studies on e.g.:- annoyance, self-reported health, perceived risks- sleep disturbance - respiratory complaints in children- performance of children (RANCH)
