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Monitoring for the Elimination of Iodine
Deficiency-Introduction of the framework-
Moldova – April 2004 -
Arnold TimmerUNICEF Regional Office
Monitoring and evaluation: The reasons for monitoring The type and quality of information to
collect Data collection methods Who collects, processes and uses the
information Sustainability aspects
Considerations in selecting the indicator, method and frequency
Monitoring
Regular monitoring of the intervention provides feed back about the functioning and impact of the intervention
Allows us to know in the course of implementation where we are in reaching our goal
Allows us to modify the intervention where needed
Why Monitor?
1. Ensure that people receive the supplement/fortified food at the correct level (safe and compliant with government standards) over an appropriate period of time
2. Ensure coverage of those at highest risk (achieving and sustaining it)
Why Monitor?
3. Ensure, improve and sustain the functioning of the intervention. For example:• Adequate attention to logistics of
intervention (e.g. delivering iodized salt)• Make stakeholders (health workers,
community organizations, target groups, food producers, government) aware about the importance of iodine deficiency and what needs to be done
4. Reduce recurring costs (increase efficiency and sustainability)
Why Monitor?
Ensure that the intervention is achieving its goal: sustained change in iodine status in the target population
For example,Monitoring helps you to:
Identify geographic areas or population groups not covered by the iodization program
Identify problem points in the iodization program e.g. production, distribution, price, acceptance
Ensure safety, that the iodine content of salt is within the desired range
Conclude that the iodine status is improving!!
An incomplete Monitoring System does not tell you much!
Information on impact needs to be complemented with information on the process
Key Questions in Monitoring
1. Is the intervention functioning adequately?• Is iodized salt available in sufficient
amounts?• Is quality assurance in place and
functioning?• Is the communication program in
place and functioning?
Key Questions in Monitoring
2. Is the intervention available, affordable and acceptable?• Does the user have access to
iodized salt and is it affordable and acceptable?
Key Questions in Monitoring
3. Is the intervention being used by the target group?• Measures the coverage:
– What percent of the target population uses iodized salt?
Key Questions in Monitoring
4. How has the micronutrient status improved in the (target) population?
– What is the iodine status in the target population?
Purposes for monitoring
Programme management:• magnitude of the problem• effectiveness of each activity• Impact: progress toward the goal
Advocacy:• political commitment (cost of iodine deficiency,
magnitude of the problem)Evaluation of (aspects of) interventionsExternal relations: media, donor reportingResearch
Steps of an Intervention
Problem identification ...what is the problem?Strategy development ...what can we do?Advocacy and commitment building
…we have to do something about it!Put the intervention in place … let’s do it!Develop a system to monitor process and
impact …how effective is it, at what effort?
Salt Iodization
Production/importationDistribution and salesConsumption
Developing the framework
What are the key questions you want to answer
IndicatorsWho monitorsFrequencyMethod of collectionInformation to be reported
Key Questions -example What proportion of households uses iodized salt:
• Are all areas and population groups equally covered? Is the salt adequately iodized:
• At production/import level• At household level
Is the population aware of iodized saltWhat % of salt at production level meets the
standard? What is the iodine status in the population?What is the price difference between iodized and
non-iodized salt?Do concerns exist about the use of iodized salt
(public and food companies)?
Salt Iodization: possible indicators
Production/importation– iodine content in salt– packaging/storage conditions
Distribution and sales– iodine content salt at wholesale, retail level– storage conditions– price– quality/effectiveness of training/communication
Consumption– Presence of iodized salt in household– Awareness about iodized salt– iodine in urine
Salt Iodization: who monitorsProduction/importation
• internal (by company itself):– iodine content salt– procedures– packaging/storage conditions– quality/effectiveness of
training/communication• external (by government):
– iodine content salt– procedures– packaging/storage conditions– inspection of compliance with
law and regulations– quality/effectiveness of
training/communication
Salt Iodization: frequencyProduction/importation
• internal (by company itself):– iodine content salt every hour– procedures monthly– packaging/storage conditions daily/monthly– quality/effectiveness of
training/communication annual• external (by government):
– iodine content salt monthly– procedures annual– packaging/storage conditions annual– inspection of compliance with
law and regulations monthly– quality/effectiveness of
training/communication annual
Salt Iodization: methodProduction/importation
• internal (by company itself):– iodine content salt test kit/titration– procedures observation– packaging/storage conditions observation– quality/effectiveness of
training/communication questionnaire• external (by government):
– iodine content salt test kit/titration– procedures document review– packaging/storage conditions observation– inspection of compliance with
law and regulations document review– quality/effectiveness of
training/communication survey
Salt Iodization: information reported
Production/importation• internal (by company itself):
– Amount of non-iodised and iodised food grade salt produced/imported/ exported and distributed in the country (total and proportion of total)
– % of iodised salt samples/batches complying to national standards (within set range or above minimum level mg/Kg)
– QA and QC procedures for salt iodisation– Labeling, packaging and storage procedures and conditions
• external (by government):– % of iodised salt samples/batches complying to national
standards (within set range or above minimum level mg/Kg)– QA and QC procedures for salt iodisation– Labeling, packaging and storage procedures and conditions
Determine what you need to know and why
Example: Salt Iodization
Determine the frequency of data collection
Determine how to collect the information
Is the intervention functioning adequately?
Is iodized salt available in sufficient quantity?
Amount iodized salt imported and distributed
Reports from industry, sales data
Salt companies importers and distributors; MoCommerce
On-going
Who collectsMethodIndicatorQuestion Frequency
Group work
1. Describe minimum monitoring system needed
2. Describe the existing monitoring system3. Identify gaps, weaknesses, and
suggestions for improvement
Group work1. Describe minimum monitoring system needed:
• List all the information you require and for each:At what level will the information be collected?Who should collect it?How often does the information need to be
collected?What is the method of collection?What should be reported and to whom?How will the information be used and who is the
user?
Group work2. Describe the existing monitoring system:
• List all the information that is collected and for each:Where is the information collected?Who collects it?How often is the information collected?What is reported and to whom?How is the information used and who is the
user?
Group work3. Identify gaps, weaknesses and suggestions
for improvement
Example:What: Iodine in salt:
- where: at factory level- who: by the factory itself and external control by SES- to whom and what: information reported to SES;
total amount of edible salt produced for domestic market, total amount of edible iodized salt produced, % of samples (in)adequately iodized
- frequency: continuous, every hour- how used: information will be used to guarantee that
iodized salt is produced of good and required quality, providing adequate iodine to the consumer