December 2016

The Sense of Contact

Monitoring of Drinking Water Quality using Optical Sensor Technology

Marcel Klein Koerkamp

Optiqua Technologies

Outline

EventLab product concept

Company introduction

Sensing platform

Case studies

Application areas

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EventLab:

real time monitoring of Drinkwater

Optiqua: provider of innovative sensor technology and monitoring solutions for the water industry

Optical sensor platform Patented and awarded technology

EventLab Based in

The Netherlands & Singapore

MiniLab

Generic online water quality monitoring in

the distribution network

Specific (water quality) measurement for

sample based analysis

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Highly sensitive patented optical chip technology is the basis for Optiqua’s monitoring products

Optiqua´s optical sensor detects minute changes in the refractive index (RI)

in water

Any contaminant dissolved in water, changes the RI of the water.

Single sensor for real-time detection of full spectrum of chemical contaminants

Pure Water RI = 1.33

0.005% NaCl RI = 1.33001

5% NaCl RI = 1.34

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Generic Sensing: EventLab detects full spectrum of chemical contaminants, where other sensors respond to some

Class Compound EventLab pH Cond Turb UV/VIS O2 ORP

Inorganic

Sodium Chloride

Sodium Nitrate

Sodium Sulfite

Organic – pesticides

Aldicarb

Azinphos-methyl

Organic – other

Acetylsalicylic acid

MTBE

Heavy Metal Cadmium Nitrate

Wastewater / Fertilizer

Urea

Turbidity Formazine

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Generic Sensing: EventLab detects full spectrum of chemical contaminants, where other sensors respond to some

Class Compound EventLab pH Cond Turb UV/VIS O2 ORP

Inorganic

Sodium Chloride

Sodium Nitrate

Sodium Sulfite

Organic – pesticides

Aldicarb

Azinphos-methyl

Organic – other

Acetylsalicylic acid

MTBE

Heavy Metal Cadmium Nitrate

Wastewater / Fertilizer

Urea

Turbidity Formazine

Advantages of EventLab’s refractive index measurement

Responds to all chemical

substances Response linear with

concentration

Sensitivity for all substances in same order of magnitude

Sensitivity independent of chemical reactivity of substance

Response independent of water matrix (Temp., ion activity,

dissolved substances)

Responds to the chemicals invisible to other sensors, e.g.:

• Small (non-aromatic) organics • Various toxic substances

(pesticides, chemical warface agents)

• No chemicals • Long term stability (no aging) • Fast response time (immediate)

Inorganic Organic

Single sensor

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Standard Mach-Zehnder Interferometer has limitations for practical industrial use

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Lint λ0

Sensing window

-1

-0,5

0

0,5

1

0 0,5 1 1,5

No

rmal

ized

Sen

siti

vity

phase [rad/2]

Sensitivity as a function of phase difference

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Adding a (Thermo-Optic) phase modulator yields a stable and robust sensing platform for industrial use - 1

TO modulator • Resistive heating • T P V2/Rheater • Modulator drive signal √t

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Adding a (Thermo-Optic) phase modulator yields a stable and robust sensing platform for industrial use - 2

2 phase range used for MZI phase calculation 10

Adding a (Thermo-Optic) phase modulator yields a stable and robust sensing platform for industrial use - 3

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TO modulator drive signal

MZI sensor response

Data & fit Data & fit

- 2 hours of data

- point-point SD < 10-4 fringe ( 6.10-4 rad)

- 2 hours variation 2*10-3 fringe ( 1.10-2 rad)

EventLab

No calibration

Refractive Index

Minimal maintenance

ppm sensitivity

Full spectrum detection

Optical

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Optiqua EventLab: complete solution for real time continuous water quality monitoring throughout the network

Data Transmission Infrastructure (2G/3G, SCADA)

Central Server

• Data processing

• Algorithms detect variations and

flag water quality incidents

• Web based user interface

• Network overview

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3 Internet

SensorNet Server

EventLab Online

Remote data transmission

EventLab

• Data Logger • Data Base • Webserver

EventLab API (data pull)

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EventLab system panel for easy and flexible installation

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EventLab Control Unit

(GPRS modem inside)

Pressure Reduction

Valve

(default setting: 2 bar) Water Inlet + Filtration module

(2 – 15 bar), ½” (male thread) fitting or ¼” OD

tubing.

Solenoid with digital timer for automatic

cleaning

(cleaning cycle: 3 seconds on and 60 minutes off)

Modem antenna

Temperature Sensor

EventLab Probe in Flow

Cell

Flow Meter + Regulator

(set to 0,1 – 0,5 L/min)

Case Study: Public Utilities Board Singapore EventLab network deployed throughout Central Business District

PUB is the Singapore national water and wastewater company providing services to approx. 5.5 million customers

Vision: implement real-time monitoring in their distribution networks

Currently 25 EventLab systems deployed in CBD area

(plus 5 at temporary locations)

300 locations identified for island wide roll out

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Case Study: Vitens (the Netherlands)

Vitens is the largest water utility in the Netherlands providing drinking water to 5.4 million customers

Intelligent water supply strategic focus. First implementation in Province of Friesland (7300 kilometers of pipes, 300,000 connections)

Currently 44 EventLab systems deployed

First phase of full scale roll out started (80 locations of over 1000)

Pumping stations /

Reservoirs Production plant End user points

“The Optiqua EventLab works and is reliable. The water company is now determining its

roll-out plan.”

In H2O vol 7/8, 2014 the Dutch magazine for

water professionals

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EventLab installations

Example installations

• Simple installation suitable for, and proven in, different network circumstances and climates

• Projects in Netherlands,

Singapore, Israel, USA, South Africa, France, Spain, Belgium, Australia, Philippines, Vietnam, China, ……

• Installation requirements:

• Water Supply • Drain • Power Supply • 2G/3G Coverage or

SCADA Connection 16

Notification of critical customers

EventLab Tracks Water Quality Event through Distribution Network. Case studies

Multiple case studies showing how EventLab tracks water quality incidents throughout the Vitens

network

Incidents were typically not detected by other sensors

Impact on water quality of (operational) incidents unknown

to Vitens

Validation how EventLab tracks incidents through the network

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Notification of critical customers

Vitens Case 1: Softening incident

Sequence of events that led to disruption of water production for 36 hours and water quality incident

Treatment plant maintenance

Software issues lead to delayed production restart

Water quality issues (increase in hardness)

• pH, EC, Turb. did not detect event • Event validated by controlled

hardness increase 18

EventLab detected and traced the incident through the network while other quality monitors did not detect incident

Clear response from Eventlab to maintenance & softening incident

No response from conductivity sensor to incident

No response from turbidity sensor to incident

No response from pH sensor to incident

Turbidity

pH

EventLab

Conductivity

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Vitens Case 2: Colour incidents

Sequence of events that led to distribution of coloured water

Power Outage

During plant restart issues with decolouring reactor

Coloured water distributed resulting in customer complaints

Plant stop for maintenance caused similar WQ change to

migrate through network

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Vitens Case 2: Colour incidents

• 10-11: December 2014: Stop of water treatment plant caused plug of water of different quality to be distributed

• EventLab detected and traced the incident in real time through the network

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EventLab provides a fingerprint for water quality analysis - 1

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Monitoring input line at the production location A carying water from production plant C

EventLab tracks water compositional changes in the network and is a tool to monitor water quality events travelling through the network

EventLab provides a fingerprint for water quality analysis - 2

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Monitoring output line production location A supplying mixed water from 2 sources A and C with different ion activity

EventLab tracks water compositional changes in the network and is a tool to monitor water quality events travelling throught the network

Optiqua EventLab can be used in range of application areas

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Drinking water

• Distribution network monitoring/ Smart Water Supply

• Distribution network monitoring/ Safety and Security

• Bulk Water Supply

• Monitoring for cross-connections in dual pipe systems

(recycled water)

• Intake protection (surface water)

• Process Monitoring (membrane filtration, …)

Wastewater • Effluent Monitoring

Optiqua platform stepping stone towards intelligent network infrastructure

25 Operations dashboard DSS

Actuators

Additional WQ sensors

(pH, EC, Turb, Cl2, …)

Advanced data analysis

Smart metering data

Hydraulics, Process, Customer contacts, …

Optiqua solutions developed with and for the international water industry

Optiqua’s products have been developed in partnership with leading utilities

Rapidly-growing international customer base

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