MONTANA FOREST GOVERNANCE WORKSHOP

Lubrecht Forest Missoula, Montana October 18-22, 2010

Total Land: 194.2 million de ha. Population: 107 million States or provincial level: 32 Municipal level: 2 540

Mexico Forest Cover Map Between 13 and 33 North Latitude

Forest Cover Area Million ha. % Pine and Oak 29.9 23.8 Tropical 12.8 10.2 Semitropical 18.4 14.6 Arid and semiarid 57.8 45.9 Other Types 7.0 5.5 Total 125.9 100

A Brief Forest History 1930-1975 First Forest Law 1926 applied whole country all types of tenure Native or Natural Forest supported Wood Production Private enterprises and few state industries in charge of forestry and wood industry Forest owners playing a marginal role, although best years of Agrarian Reform or Land distribution Environmental themes not in the agenda Forest Administration under Secretary of Agriculture

1975-1993 Native or Natural Forest supported Wood Production Private enterprises, federal and state forest enterprises Forest policy support forest owners, put them in their own feet to be in charge of silviculture and logging. Environmental themes and restauration, start in agenda Forest Administration under Secretary of Agriculture and Water Resources

1994-2000 Native or Natural Forest supported Wood Production Environmental or ecological issues gets in motion Natural Protected Areas Incentives for Forestry and Planted Forest Forest Administration under New Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources

2001-2010 Boom of Reforestation of degraded forest soils New Forest Law, new Wildlife Law Creation of National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR) to promote forest development and give incentives. Highest Public Budget for Forestry US $ 400 million/year. 2008, Reforestacionn: 38 %; Paid Environmental Servicess, 24.5 %; Planted Forest, 22.7 %; Forest Management Native Forest, 14.9 %. Federal Government start paid environmental forest services to forest owners Start Wildlife Conservation Areas in Native Forest (UMAS).

Several State Government create Forest Agency and formulate State Forest Law. Wood Production decrease and Forest Imports increase. Reduction of deforestation áreas Policies-agencies acting in different territories Forest Administration under Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources.

Land Tenure Type No. Area Million ha. % EJIDOS 26 796 87 83.7 COMUNIDADES 2 336 17 16.3 TOTAL 29 132 104 100.0 FOREST TENURE 6 000 EJIDOS and COMUNIDADES

Forest Management Areas Tenure Area % EJIDOS 74 PRIVATE 15 COMUNIDADES 11

Size of Property, ha. BIGGEST AVERAGE SMALLEST Ejidos 100 000 10 000 500 Comunidades 25 000 4 000 1 000 Private 800 50 1-5

Number of members with Forest Rigths per Ejido or Comunidad 25 up to 600

Forest Administration Agencies Under same umbrella Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT),different and quasi independent agencies are in charge of: regulation, fiscalization, conservation and forest development: Regulation Undersecretary SEMARNAT, a federal office in most of the States Fiscalization PROFEPA A federal office in most of the States Conservation CONANP Forest Development CONAFOR A federal office in all States Environmental Research INE Forest Research Under Secretary Agriculture

Forest Territories-Different Instruments of Public Policies Classify by three main functions:

Production 1.Forest Management in Native or Natural Forest: 5- 10 million of ha. Regulation: Forest Law, SEMARNAT agencies En each State a SEMARNAT office approve, FM Plan, Forester responsible, give permission to harvest annual crop, extend transportation document. PROFEPA agency under SEMARNAT umbrella but quasi independent supervise, audit. CONAFOR under SEMARNAT umbrella gives forest incentives

2.Planted Forest, 0.11 millions ha., 0.06 % of Mexico land Regulation: Forest Law SEMARNAT agencies En each State a SEMARNAT office approve Plan, give permission to harvest annual crop, extend transportation document. PROFEPA agency under SEMARNAT umbrella but quasi independent supervise, audit. CONAFOR under SEMARNAT umbrella gives forest incentives. STATE GOVERMENT gives forest incentives

5

2.3

1.1

0.8

0.1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Brasil

Chile

Argentina

Uruguay

México

millones de ha.

3.Wildlife Conservation Areas in Native or Natural Forest (UMAS). +- 26 millions ha. Regulation: Wildlife Law, SEMARNAT agencies En each State a SEMARNAT office approve, Plan, give permission. PROFEPA agency under SEMARNAT umbrella but quasi independent supervise, audit. CONANP agency under SEMARNAT umbrella but quasi independent promote them and gives incentives. Some State Goverment promotes and gives incentives

Conservation 4.Natural Protected Areas (ANP): +- 23 million ha. No logging allowed Regulation: LEGEEPA Law CONANP Agency under SEMARNAT umbrella but quasi independent promote ANP, support Management Plan, gives incentives, get money from international funds and private enterprises. Some Universities participate in the formulation of Management Plan. State Forest Agency promotes and administrate some State Forest Parks.

5.Forest Environmental Services-Water. Paid Areas in Native or Natural Forest (PSAH): 1.8 million of ha. No logging allowed Regulation: Forest Law En each State a CONAFOR office approves proposal, Best Practices Plan, gives forest incentives and audit. Some State Government gives incentives and audit.

Restauration 6.Reforestation Areas, according to oficial data +- 3.6 millions ha. ( 1984-2010) Regulation: Forest Law En each State a CONAFOR office approves Reforestation program, gives incentives to produce, establish and maintenance and audit. Some State Government gives incentives and audit.