Vol. 20 No. 66 Wednesday, 16th of October, 2013 Pages 8, Price 1.50 NFA

Eritrean community members in Germany asserted readiness to enhance role as regards mounting popular resolve against external conspiracies. They made the pledge at a seminar in Giessen city, during which Foreign Minister Osman Saleh gave extensive briefings pertaining to the ongoing diplomatic activities vis-à-vis the role of nationals to this end.

In the course of the seminar, Mr. Osman pointed out that the diplomatic endeavors are focused on ensuring peace and stability at regional and continental level, in addition to urging international

Members of the PFDJ residing in the USA held annual meeting in Washington DC from the 11th to the 13th of this month.

Speaking at the meeting witnessing the participation of around 200 representatives of the PFDJ, NUEW and YPFDJ from all over the States, Mr. Berhane Gebrehiwet, Charge d’affaires in the Eritrean Embassy, pointed out that the meeting is due to thoroughly assess previous programs, besides adopting work programs for 2014.

In a message he sent from Asmara, Mr. Yemane Gebreab, Head of Political Affairs at the PFDJ, called on the nationals to demonstrate higher organization and awareness in connection with popular resolve through further activities and taking their experience as a stepping stone. He further urged them to work on priority basis as regards nurturing

Eid Al-Adha Al-Mubarek was colorfully observed yesterday nationwide.

The ceremony conducted at Bahti-Meskerem Square in the presence of thousands of members of the faithful witnessed a prayer service led by the Eritrean Mufti, Sheikh Al-Amin Osman.

Speaking on the occasion, Sheikh Al-Amin Osman wished happy Eid to nationals residing inside the country and abroad in general and the followers of the Islamic faith in particular. He further called on the faithful to foster spirit of collaboration, harmony and love, besides extending support to the needy and orphans.

The Eritrean Mufti went on to wish success to nationals who are engaged in the nation-building process, and peace as well as prosperity to the Eritrean people.

In other related news, a community festivity was staged

Afabet, 14 October 2013 – A monument erected at Kisad-Rehai in memory of the heroic feat registered during the armed struggle for independence in Halhal Front was inaugurated last Saturday by Gen. Sibhat Ephrem, Defense Minister.

Gen. Sibhat, Maj. General Haile Samuel, Commander of the Western Command, Commander of the Air Force, Maj. General Teklai

in connection with Eid Al-Adha in Sawa through the collaboration between the Ministry of Information and the Training Center for National Service.

Speaking during the event in which students from Warsai Yikealo School were present, Col. Debesai Gide, Commander of the training center, wished Happy Eid to nationals residing inside the country and abroad in general and the followers of the Islamic faith in particular. He further pointed out that the training center has made historical input in the nation-building process and safeguarding national dignity, besides equipping the youth against anti-Eritrea psychological war and keeping intact national as well as cultural values.

Colorful cultural performances were staged by Aser Cultural Troupe and other artists on the occasion.

Meanwhile, prisoners in Sembel Prison and Rehabilitation Center

celebrated Eid Al-Adha with zeal. Reports indicated that a prayer service led by Imam Mahmoud Mohammed Nawood was conducted at the mosque in the Center.

Imam Mahmoud Mohammed wished Happy Eid to the followers of the Islamic faith, and gave briefings as regards the historical background and meaning of the religious event.

Among prisoners, Mr. Mohammed Osman Idris, Mr. Hassan Abdulkadir and Mr. Yibrah Eyassu expressed conviction that religious events foster moral virtues, and voiced satisfaction with the services being rendered in the Center.

Mr. Tesfahiwet Gebrai, head of administration and finance in the Center, pointed out on his part that national holiday and religious events are good opportunity for nurturing cultural and national values among prisoners. Cultural performances added color to the event.

Eid Al-AdhA Al-MubArEk obsErvEd nAtionwidE colorfully

Habtesilasie, and Ms. Asha Ali-Nur, head of the NUEW branch in Anseba region, laid flower coronets on the monument during the ceremony in which senior Army commanders, freedom fighters who attended the military operation and invited guests were present, Moreover, a tour was made to the trenches where historical mêlée

MonuMEnt ErEctEd in MEMory of hEroic fEAt in hAlhAl front inAugurAtEd

EritrEAn coMMunity MEMbErs in gErMAny to EnhAncE rolE As rEgArds rAising populAr

rEsolvE AgAinst ExtErnAl conspirAciEscommunities to assume resp-onsibility towards safeguarding the supremacy of law and territorial sovereignty of nations, especially that of Eritrea. He also said that national endeavors of ensuring social justice have given rise to a gratifying outcome, and lauded the role of nationals inside the country and abroad in this regard.

Also speaking on the occasion, Mr. Petros Tsegai, the Eritrean Ambassador to Germany, urged the community members to step up efforts as regards popularizing cultural values among the young generation, besides voicing staunch

resistance against anti-Eritrea agendas.

In the same vein, Mr. Kahsai Tewolde expressed appreciation for the prevailing spirit of nationalism and harmony among the community members, and indicated that such communal virtue attests to the awareness as well as steadfastness of the Eritrean people.

Reports indicated that the seminar witnessed colorful cultural performances.

dynamic youths.Following the presentation of

reports and in-depth discussion by the participants, Mr. Dawit Haile, head of organizational and youth Affairs, gave detailed briefings pertaining to work guidelines of the People’s Front and the structure of the National Cultural and Civic Center.

Meanwhile, Dr. Gidewon Abai, Ms. Sofia Tesfamariam, Mr. Abesajir Berhane, Mr. Mihretab Gebrehiwet and Mr. Simon Tesfamariam conducted seminar focusing on the issue of human rights as a pretext for hegemony.

The participants of the meeting said that they would back up the ongoing national development and investment endeavors, besides sustaining popular resistance for the unjust UN sanctions against Eritrea.

pfdJ MEMbErs in usA hold AnnuAl MEEting

Continued On Page 4

2Eritrea Profile, Wednesday 16th of October, 2013

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Managing Director Azzazi Zeremariam

Acting Editor Amanuel Mesfunamme@zena.gov.er

P.O.Box: 247Tel: 11-41-14Fax: 12-77-49

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Saba TesfatsionAzieb Habtemariam

Globally speaking much is said but less done about the worth of the teaching profession. Teaching, as a universal profession is one of the oldest and noblest ones. Its long-standing, historical existence and contribution go parallel with the different layers of time that human civilization has traversed through. The teacher, who is its best ambassador, revolves around a formal and central regulating authority to bring its mission home. Without him, however ideal educational objectives, policies and regulations may not bear result as desired. The reason is simple and clear: it is he, at the tip end that is always on the ground to implement them. What is more, it is he who bears the brunt of the hard task of

bringing up the child and equipping him with an efficient tool that serves the whole course of the child’s life and the life of the society as well. This is tantamount to say that the

parents create the child but it is the teacher who completes him as a carpenter polishes and shapes his wooden product.

Like an all-terrain vehicle, the teacher goes everywhere to carry out his apostolic mission: teaching the promising child in front of whom there is a radiant future. As a candle lights up other candles to emit light in a dark room, so does the teacher in illuminating the human society in general and the child in particular in the pursuit of practical knowledge. Thus, his profession is the torch that facilitates the march and brightens the path along which human society travels. For this and other ample reasons, the teacher is synonymous with light that penetrates a deep jungle. There is no other light

but only that of the teacher upon whom social and other multifaceted changes hinge. As all hills could not be mounts, not all educated people could also be teachers without the prior qualification of the profession. This holds water because teaching has its own discipline which only the trained teacher assumes and practices.

“Teachers: Take the Lead for Quality Education!”

However, if teaching and the teacher are to be more effective, self-respected and respected by

others, the profession needs to enjoy a commensurate remuneration with some sort of fringe benefits that could give leverage to his status in the rung of the social ladder. Many are the factors that could make the profession of the teacher enviable and practicable. More than anything else, the attention that the government and the society give

weighs substantially in the life of the teacher and his career.

Concurrently, reps of Education International and domestic Teachers’ Associations in collaboration with government officials and other invited authorities come together to colorfully celebrate World Teachers’ Day annually. Such occasion refreshes and energizes the spirit of teachers towards their profession. Accordingly, this years’ twentieth anniversary of World Teachers’ Day was celebrated for the seventeenth time in Eritrea at Barentu- the regional capital of Gash Barka, on the 5th of October 2013. Present at the occasion were the Governor, Mr Mohammed Hamid; the Delegate of the central Ministry of Education, Mr Petros Hailemariam, and other higher officials of MOE; Mr Isaac Tesfaghiorghis, President of the Association; representatives of the different ministries and offices; Executive Committee Members of the Association drawn from all the administrative regions of the country; as well as other invited guests. The occasion was glorified by the keynote address of the Governor who clearly and convincingly remarked that the occasion deserves a special honour because teachers are the repository of knowledge and the fount of every sophisticated mind that changed the world and contributed to human

development. The Governor went on to say that there is nobody-be it a leader, an administrator, a medical doctor, an engineer, an astronaut, a pilot, a scientist, and what have you- who had not gone through the blessings of the teacher to share his fruits. Thus, the contribution of teachers and the weight of their profession when taken together are unparalleled which all teachers should feel happy and take pride in.

In similar vein, the Delegate of the Ministry congratulated all teachers and stated further that the service and contribution of teachers is beyond appreciation and is always in constant demand like the utility and craftsmanship of the best items in public markets. Thanks to the untiring efforts and devotion of teachers, he added, Eritrea has made much progress in the education sector. He also made note that since the quality of education goes parallel with the quality of teachers, the Ministry seizes every opportunity to train teachers by upholding the fact that training is an uncompromising process.

The President of the Association, Mr Isaac, on his part welcomed and thanked all the participants for coming and celebrating the international occasion under this year’s theme: Teachers, Take the Lead for Quality Education! He called all teachers, as usual; to work hard in providing quality education as per the spirit and responsibility the profession shoulders. In concluding his remarks, he solemnly reminded the Ministry that though some steps have been taken to improve teachers’ livelihood, urged the Ministry once again to take more effective and far-reaching measures across the board.

The occasion was embellished with the recitation of striking poems, warm statements of support from related branch offices as well as by the eye-captivating musical performances of the cultural troupe of Gash Barka.

Assefaw Ghebrezghiabiher

3Eritrea Profile, Wednesday 16th of October, 2013

Aron Hidru

It was when I was an undergraduate student that I started to read Dr. Stephen R. Covey’s books. Initially, I was familiarized with such kind of how to books with Dale Carnegie’s books. Even though Carnegie’s books played a considerable role in familiarizing me with the area and stimulated me very much to read extensively in the area, it is Stephen’s books that have influenced me much more. In this case, ‘The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People’ is the most important one as I have read it at least around three times. I selectively read some chapters of it even more than that. It is as a result of this book and the influences it has on my life that I have come to realize books have to be the most important sources of a person’s overall socialization; I sometimes tend to believe that books can be the most important agents that can potentially determine a person’s qualities or personality – provided that we are able to properly digest as well as associate what we read what we read with what takes place in real life. I can say that this book along with other books has been (especially in the past) almost a manual when I used to face some life difficulties. It has positively colored my life experiences. It was a source of patience for me as it enabled me to be strong in difficult times. That is why I often cite the author. This indicates how much influenced I am by his books.

Let me provide you with an extract selected from one of his chapters in connection to personal management. I am particularly impressed by the message he has provided at the beginning of the chapter. I hope it will similarly impress you and it can potentially help you identify the roles you have to play in your life as well as in the lives of others.

The aforesaid chapter starts with the following quotation:

What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters when compared to what lies within us

(Oliver Wendell Holmes). The following extract is taken

from the above mentioned book:Please find a place to read these

next few pages where you can be alone and uninterrupted. Clear your mind of everything except what you will read and what I will invite you to do. Don’t worry about your schedule, your business, your family, or your friends. Just focus with me and really open your mind.

In your mind’s eye, see yourself going to the funeral of a loved one. Picture yourself driving to the funeral parlor or chapel, parking the car, and getting out. As you walk inside the building, you notice the flowers, the soft organ music (which is not common in our case-Eritrea). You see the faces of friends and family you pass along the way. You feel the shared sorrow of losing, the joy of having known, that radiate from the hearts of the people there.

As you walk down to the front of the room and look inside the casket, you suddenly come face to face with yourself. This is your funeral, three years from today. All these people have come to honor you, to express feelings of love and appreciation for your life.

As you take a seat and wait for the services to begin, you look at the program in your hand. There are to be four speakers. The first is from your family, immediate and also extended – children, brothers, sisters, nephews, nieces, aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents who have come from all over the country to attend. The second speaker is one of your friends, someone who can give a sense of what you were as a person. The third speaker is from your work or profession. And the fourth is from your church or some community organization where you have been involved in service.

Now think deeply. What would like each of these speakers to say about you and your life? What kind of husband, wife, father, or

A Step towards Understanding our Roles in Life

other would you like their words to reflect? What kind of son or daughter or cousin? What kind of friend? What kind of working associate?

What character would like them to have seen in you? What

contributions, what achievements would you want them to remember? Look carefully at the people around you. What difference would like to have made in their lives?

Take a few minutes to jot down your impressions. It will increase

your personal understanding of what you really want to be and what you really want to do in life.

This visualization seems to be very very helpful for enabling you to realize the main roles you should play in your lifetime.

InspirationThe following inspiration is extracted from Shiv Khera’s book entitled ‘You can win’ Selfishness and GreedIndividuals and organizations that have a selfish attitude toward each other and toward their customers have

no right to expect growth. Their attitude is to keep passing the buck without regard for the welfare of others. Greed always wants more. Needs can be satisfied but greed cannot. It is a cancer of the soul. Greed destroys relationships. How do we gauge our greed index? By asking ourselves three questions:

Can I afford it?- Do I really need it?- If I have it, will it give me peace of mind?-

Greed comes out of poor self-esteem, which manifests itself as false pride, pretense or keeping up with the Joneses. The way out of greed is to learn to live within your means and be satisfied. Being contented does not mean lacking ambition.

WHERE DOES IT END?

There is a story about a wealthy farmer who was once offered all the land he could walk on in a day, provided he came back by sundown to the point where he started. To get a new start, early the next morning the farmer started covering ground quickly because he wanted to get as much land as he could. Even though he was tired, he kept going all afternoon because he didn’t want to miss this once in a lifetime opportunity to gain more wealth.

Late in the afternoon he realized the condition he had to fulfill to get the land was to get back to the starting point by sundown. His greed had gotten him far enough. He started his return journey, keeping an eye on how close he was to sundown. The closer it got to sundown, the faster he ran. He was exhausted, out of breath and pushed himself beyond the point of endurance. He collapsed upon reaching the starting point and died. He did make it before sundown. He was buried and all the land he needed was a small plot.

There is a lot of truth in this story and a lesson to be learned. Whether the farmer was wealthy or not, any greedy person would have ended the same way.

4Eritrea Profile, Wednesday 16th of October, 2013

VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENTBisha Mining Share Company is inviting applicants for the following position for its Bisha Site Project;

Senior Geotechnical Geologist(1)1. Major Duties and responsibilities:-

Maintain ongoing geological and geotechnical mapping across all active pitso Conduct pit wall geotechnical stability and safety analyses including post-blast & post –failure o

reviews.Monitor and report on pit wall movements, including analysis of data from prisms and slope radar o

monitoring.Design, coordinate, implement and supervise geo technical drilling programs.o Coordinate and supervise Technicians responsible for geotechnical sampling, core orientation, basic o

logging.Ensure geotechnical test works samples are taken / prepared a highest standard o Ensure geotechnical logging and mapping quality controls are in place, adhered to and reported o

on.Ensure all geotechnical projects are compliant with BMSC and all statutory requirements.o Manage the maintenance, deployment and staffing of the slope stability radar monitoring system.o Contribute geotechnical commentary to weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual reports.o Participate in the conversion of structural, lithological and geotechnical data into 3D geotechnical o

model.Participate in the geotechnical evaluation of new ore deposits as part of the resource and reserve o

process, including test work to determine rock mass characteristics e.g. UCS, DS, Triaxial and Point LoadParticipate and provide input into desktop, pre-feasibility and feasibility level studies for new o

projects.Provide geotechnical training and mentoring of Eritrean & Expatriate staffo Provide geotechnical input drill & blast practices, pit design, mining practices, dewatering and pit o

wall depressurization

Profile: Qualifications and Experience

Formal Education, Certifications or Equivalents Degree level position (BSc, BEng)

Working Experience – Nature & Length

Mining Industry Specific +6 years;Geotechnical focus +5 years.

Leadership Experience – Nature & length of time Mining Geotechnical Management &Leadership Role + 2 yrs.

Other skills and abilities

Proficient - DIPS, SLIDE or other geotechnical software;Proficient – Microsoft office- PowerPoint, Excel, WordProficient - Technical English- verbal & writtenDemonstrated – geotechnical field experience;Demonstrated – geotechnical report writing experienceValid - light vehicle Driver’s License

General Information and other requirements:

Place of Work: Bisha site.•Type of contract: Definite period ( 2 years)•Salary: As per Company salary scale.•Additional requirement for Nationals: •Having fulfilled his/her National Service obligation and provide evidence of release paper from •

Ministry of Defense. Present clearance paper from current/last employer •Testimonial documents to be attached (CV, work experience credentials, a copy of your •

National Identity Card etc.).Only shortlisted applicants would be considered as potential candidates for an interview.• Application documents will not be returned back to sender and.• All applications should be sent through the post office•Deadline for application: 10 days from the day of publication in the Newspaper.•Address: Please mail your applications to;•

Bisha Mining Share Company, P. O. Box 4276 Asmara, EritreaNote to Eritrean applicants:Please send a copy of your application to Ministry of Labor and Human WelfareDepartment of LaborP.O.BOX 5252, Asmara, Eritrea

was conducted 30 years ago.Among the freedom fighters,

Col. Michael Debesai and Mr. Bereket Tsegai expressed deep impression concerning the battle experience of decades back, and lauded the inhabitants of the areas for serving the freedom fighters as a sanctuary.

Likewise, Mr. Andemeskel Kifle, Ms. Tsehaynesh Gebremariam, Mr. Firezgi Araya and Mr. Adem Ali explained that the battlefield was characterized by proximity of the trench with that of the Ethiopian occupation forces which had advantage in manpower and logistics. They went on to underline that the secret behind

the heroic feat constitutes the prevailed steadfastness on the part of the freedom fighters and the people, and stated that an initiative of this type would make significant impact as regards popularizing such historical events in the armed struggle for independence.

The construction of the monument was funded by the members of the Association of Division 96 which was engaged along the trenches of Halhal since 1983.

Reports indicated that the ceremony witnessed colorful cultural performances by two cultural troupes, while individuals that made remarkable contribution in organizing the event received awards.

MonuMEnt ErEctEd in MEMory of hEroic fEAt in hAlhAl . . .

Continued From Page 1

A number of youth nationals residing in the US cities of Washington DC, Seattle, Dallas, Houston and Texas have extended educational facilities worth USD 36,000 to Orotta Medical School. The support includes a photocopier, copier inks, laptops and LCD power projectors that were raised from various Eritrean organizations abroad over the past 2 years.

In a letter they sent to the Medical School, the youths indicated that the role of the Eritrean Embassy,

Eritrean community members and the YPFDJ in North America has become significant in this regard.

Prof. Andemariam Gebremichael, Dean of Orotta Medical School, noted the importance of such facilities in lecture delivery and other activities, and pointed out that every classroom would have its own LCD projector. He further lauded the initiative taken by the youths, and said that it attests to their living attachment with the Homeland.

youth nAtionAls rEsiding in usA ExtEnd EducAtionAl fAcilitiEs to

orottA MEdicAl school

LOCAL NEWS

The Ministry of Labor and Human Welfare indicated that a number of nationals residing in North America have extended a total of USD 12,100 and 48,429 Nakfa in honor of the trust of martyrs.

Accordingly, Eritrean community members in Denver, the USA, donated USD 12,100, while the

rest portion was extended by Ms. Meaza Tsehaye from Seattle and Mr. Yosef Woldemichael as well as Mr. Kiros Tsehaye, both from the Victoria, Canada.

Meanwhile, members of the family of Mehari Berhe, a fallen hero, donated 20,000 Nakfa for a similar purpose.

MorE thAn usd 12,000 And 48,000 nAkfA

ExtEndEd honoring thE trust of MArtyrs

5Eritrea Profile, Wednesday 16th of October, 2013

The rich world’s troubles and inequalities have been making headlines for some time now. Yet a more important story for human welfare is the persistence of yawing gaps between the world’s haves and have-nots. Adjusted for purchasing power, the average American income is 50 times that of a typical Afghan and 100 times that of Zimbabwean. Despite two centuries of economic growth, over a billion people remain in dire poverty.

This conundrum demands ambitious answers. In the late 1990’s Jared Diamond and David Landes tackled head-on the most vexing questions; why did Europe discover modern economic growth and why is its spread so limited? Now, Daron Acemoglu, an economist at MIT, and James Robinson, professor of government at Harvard, follow in their footsteps with “Why Nation Fail”. They spurn the cultural and geographic stories of their forebears in favor of an approach rooted solely in institutional economics, which studies the impact of political environments on economic outcomes. Neither culture nor geography can explain gaps between neighboring American and Mexican cities, they argue, to say nothing of disparities between North and South Korea.

They offer a striking diagnosis: some governments get it wrong on purpose. Amid weak and accommodating institutions, there is little to discourage a leader from looting. Such environments channel society’s output towards parasitic elite, discouraging investment and

The big whyinnovation. Extractive institutions are the historical norm. Inclusive institutions protect individual rights and encourage investment and effort. Where inclusive governments emerge, great wealth follows.

Britain, wellspring of the industrial revolution, is the chief proof of this theory. Small medieval differences in the absolutism of English and Spanish monarchs were amplified by historical chance. When European exploration began, Britain’s more constrained crown left trade in the hands of privateers, whereas Spain favored state control of ocean commerce. The New World’s riches solidified Spanish tyranny but nurtured merchant elite in Britain. Its members helped to tilt the scales against monarchy in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and counterbalanced the landed aristocracy, securing pluralism and sowing the seeds of economic growth. Within a system robust enough to tolerate creative destruction, British ingenuity (not so different from French or Chinese inventiveness) was free to flourish.

The fortunate accident was not easily replicated. In Central and South America European explorers found dense populations ripe for plundering. They built suitably exploitative states. Britain’s North American colonies, by contrast, made poor ground for extractive institutions; indigenous populations were too dispersed to enslave. Colonial governors used market incentives to motivate early settlers in Virginia and Massachusetts. Political reforms made the grant of economic

rights credible. Where pluralism took root, American industry and wealth bloomed. Where it lapsed, in southern slaveholding colonies, a long period of economic backwardness resulted. A century after the American civil war the segregated South remained poor.

Extractive rules are self-reinforcing. In the Spanish New World, plunder further empowered the elite. Revolution and independence rarely provide escape from this tyranny. New leadership is tempted to retain the benefits of the old system. Inclusive economies, by contrast, encourage innovation and new blood. This destabilizes existing industries, keeping economic and political power dispersed.

Failure in the rule. Here, Venice provides a cautionary tale. Upward mobility drove the city-state’s wealth and power. Its innovative commenda, a partnership in which capital-poor sailors and rich Venetians shared the profits

from voyages, followed those of modest background to rise through the ranks. This fluidity threatened established wealth, however. From the late 13th century the ducal council began restricting political and economic rights, banning the commenda and nationalizing trade. By 1500, with a stagnant economy and failing population, Venice’s descent from great power was well under way.

Moves towards great inclusivity are disappointingly rare. The French revolution provides an example, but also demonstrates the author’s unfortunate habit of ignoring historical detail. Revolution put paid to absolutism and led, after a long and messy struggle, to the creation of an enduring republic. Institutions, in the form of a fledgling merchant class, provided momentum for reform, making the difference between the successful French revolution and failed uprisings elsewhere. But the authors give short shrift to the presence and meaning of Enlightenment ideals. It is difficult to believe this did not matter for the French transition, yet the intellectual climate is left out of the story. History is contingent, the authors apologize, but history is what they hope to explain.

The history of Botswana is also unsatisfying. There, a co-operative effort by tribal leaders secured the protection of the British government against the marauding imperialism of Cecil Rhodes. Despite its considerable diamond wealth, which might have spawned a corrupt and abusive elite, Botswana become a rare success in Africa, assisted by the benevolence of it leaders and by having a tiny population. At times the authors come

dangerously close to attributing success to successfulness.

The institution behind the theory is nonetheless compelling. This makes the scarcity of policy prescriptions frustrating. The book is skeptical of the Chinese model. Chinas growth may be rooted in the removal of highly oppressive Maoist institution, but its communist government remains fundamentally extractive. It may engineer growth by mobilizing people and resources from low-productivity activities, like substance agriculture, toward industry. But without political reform and the possibility of creative destruction, growth will grind to a halt.

Rich country determine to nudge along the process of institutional development should recognize their limitation, the author’s reckon. The point is well taken. It is hard to ignore the role of European expansion in the creation of the underdeveloped world extractive institutions which in self-perpetuating fashion, continue to constrain reform and development. Evidence nonetheless hints that contagious ideals, propitious leadership and external pressure matter. The promise of European Union membership encouraged institutional reform in central and Eastern Europe. America eventually eradicated extractive southern institutions and placed the South on a path toward economic convergence. There is no quick fix for institutional weakness, only the possibility that steady encouragement and chance will bring about progress.

Sources: Digest (RDC) August 2013

6Eritrea Profile, Wednesday 16th of October, 2013

Daniel Semere

Many of us wonder why some people are more confident than others. Most of the time there cannot be a clear and single answer for the question. The most common reason can be however, the way those people are brought up and how people helped and supported them. For example those people could have been in sports since they were a child and they were able to apply it to other areas of their life. Some other time it could have been that they had a strong role model, or they could have been good-looking or talented and it was easy for them to feel good about themselves.

Whatever the reason, it seems to be working for them. But let’s pose just one question. What about the people who didn’t have all that? What about the people who were not into sports? Not good-looking? Or who didn’t have a strong role model? How

are they going to ever have the confidence? Well these people might find it difficult to gain the much needed confidence. But it is not altogether unachievable thing for they can learn the skills of the super confident. These people need to learn Self confidence skills. At some point or the other,

most of us have heard of the phrase “be yourself and people will like you”. However not everyone has a clue about who that person really is, and it must be admitted it is not an easy thing. By this we mean in order to be yourself, you have to know who you are as a human first. Then you have to bring out

The Confidence Conundrum

the best in yourself. That’s when you can be yourself and people will like you. Because we have to remember that the reason why people love the star athletes is because they are showing their best self. The reason why people like the good-looking or talented is because they are showing their best self that people like. You can’t act like an annoying person and say that people will like you because that is who you are. You can’t be shy and expect to be the leader of your group. So we need to learn the skills to build our self confidence to a whole new level.

The biggest hindrance in becoming confident is dishonesty. Many of us tend to look like what we are not. The problem here is when we sustain this habit and be blinded to look at our real weakness. We adapt this to the need to always maintain the picture we false created and become entangled till there is no way out of it. The fact we should remember however is that it is only when we know who and what we are that we can focus on what we can become. For example, if we are showing off a thing that we can’t afford then we are not being honest with ourselves. If we say that we are something we are not then it will block the chance of really getting the thing we want in the future. If you lack something then admit it to yourself so you can focus on getting it.

It is also very crucial to know how to talk to people. This doesn’t mean submit to other people’s will neither does it mean we have to force people. It only means we have to let people know where we stand but at the same time be convincing. Earn a person’s

trust by earning their respect first. If someone doesn’t respect you chances are they will not give you what you want. When a person respects you then they’ll either give you what you want or try to come to an agreement.

One important but often overlooked skill is patience. When a lion hunts its prey one of the first things it does is waits for the prey to drop its guard. When that happens, it strikes with great timing. Don’t rush things that need patience but strike only when the time is right. But this should be coupled with self control and emotional intelligence. Self control and emotional intelligence go hand-in-hand. If you have self control then your emotions are in check and you will be able to think clearer with less worry, doubt, or fear. It can also work with positive emotions as well. But this run the risk of being manipulated by the things we love. So when this becomes a threat you have to use other skills to handle this such as patience.

These may not seem like skills but when you can master these then good things will come into your life. An athlete could be the strongest or fastest but without good timing then he may either miss an opportunity or he may act too hasty costing him the game. If a person likes another, then he or she has to know how to talk to the person, use emotional intelligence and control oneself when it comes to one’s feeling for the other. Of course there are plenty of self confidence skills. But the most important thing is knowing who you are and work to improve your faults before you unleash the real you. This will probably be a good start.

7Eritrea Profile, Wednesday 16th of October, 2013

“Oh, unlike his elder brother, who is relatively more extravagant, he is not that much of a spender,” I once overheard my mother talking with my aunt, referring to me as the ‘spendthrift’.

I’m not proud of that, but I would rather be one other than being a tightwad – a miser in simpler terms. Who would crave to be the latter?

Ever since I finished school and started working, my father insisted that I save a certain amount of whatever salary (or pocket money) I earned. And it didn’t take long for me to realize that what I started as an obligation, soon turned out to be an investment in the form of a four figure amount in my savings book.

Although I realized that the more I deposited, the bigger the amount would be; unfortunately it dawned on me that it would also mean I would have to cut back on the splurging which I apparently was greatly fond of. And by splurging, I am mostly referring to my consistently busy café latte style and occasional eating out. Spending on expensive clothing and accessories is not exaggerated, if not totally nonexistent.

I believe this is something anyone can achieve, but to me, keeping a budget (and living just a little below my means) is just something inconceivable… well at least it has been .

But just because I have been designated as a spendthrift, it doesn’t mean that I would rather be a tightwad. Surveys in the western world have found out that tightwads aren’t any happier

than spendthrifts, but instead suffer more in some ways. They came up with a rather amusing explanation:

“A spendthrift suffers after he buys something. A tightwad suffers while he buys it and then again afterwards.”

To think of it, they are in a way right. A tightwad, or someone with a clenched fist as we sometimes call such a person, will not only complain about spending a given amount of money on a certain item but will also be constantly complaining (and at times regretting) doing that particular purchase.

Economics 101 has put it in black and white for us that human wants are unlimited. Consequently, we of the spending kind tend to feel less pain when spending money and salary time comes we actually spend more that we would ideally like to spend.

Who hasn’t a friend or an acquaintance, which finds it hard to save and keeps splurging on new shoes or dresses (for the girls) or drinks and latest gadgets (for my fellow men folk)?

And when it comes to the

other type, the tightwads, it doesn’t necessarily mean they are all parsimonious or practice frugality.

Being frugal means you enjoy saving money, and people who are

more frugal tend to be happier than average. But with the tightwads it’s all another thing. They are less

happy.A study by researchers from

the Universities of Pennsylvania and Carnegie Mellon reveals that tightwads save, not because they care more about the future than

Miser Vs Spendthrift: Which to Be … or Not to Be?

the supposedly spendthrifts, but because paying out the money is too painful of an emotional

experience.“They pass up purchases not

because they enjoy saving money or are sensibly calculating the benefits, but because they hate to part with the money. They would rather do without things they could actually afford and that would genuinely improve their lives...” the study asserted.

Being a tightwad may not be easily identified. It’s some sort of a silent epidemic, whose victims probably don’t even recognize it themselves.

I have come across people who are such misers that get migraines when the time comes to settle the bill in cafes or restaurants. Some are so resourceful and devise cunning means that enable them to pay the smallest amount possible.

If, for instance, a bill for 60 Nakfa is to be shared among four people and there is one miser among the group, then that person takes out a bill of 100 Nakfa with the excuse of not having any smaller changes. The others eventually give in bills of ten or twenties, and that way

the smarty pants gets away with a false promise of “There is always a next time!”

And then there is my favorite one (of excuses I mean). “I only have this much amount which I really need to buy and take this thing home for my mother.” A lame excuse of course, but nonetheless the dunces fall for it without realizing the presence of an opportunistic human being among them.

So, if you get to spend too much you are called a spendthrift. If on the other hand decide to abstain from dispersing your cash, then a miser becomes your nickname. So what to do? Is there some common ground for both spendthrifts and tightwads to live moderately? What is your say?

Savers and spenders are different financial personalities. I think that we are all born either savers or spenders. Of course, spenders can certainly learn to be savers, but it doesn’t come naturally.

It will take up efforts, cutting habits and getting to know parsimony.

Personally, I would stick to being called the spender, as long as it is less selfish; as long as it is for the good of others. After all, the Holy Book did say “Give and you shall receive!”

Abenon A.

8Eritrea Profile, Wednesday 16th of October, 2013

Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner has been released from the hospital after undergoing cranial surgery following the detection of a recent brain hemorrhage.

The 60-year-old Fernandez was released from the Fundacion Favaloro hospital in Buenos Aires on Sunday, five days after undergoing surgery for a cranial blood clot, doctors said in a statement on Monday.

Doctors recommended another

Amnesty International has called for an immediate probe into the deaths of hundreds of prisoners in Nigerian detention facilities during a clampdown on anti-government fighters.

The international rights group announced on Monday that it had evidence, showing that numerous prisoners had been suffocated, starved and subjected to extra-judicial killings in the army-led operation in the northeast of Nigeria.

The report, released by the Rights group, said, a senior army officer has admitted that around 950 detainees, who died in custody during the first half of the year, were suspected of having links with Boko Haram militant group.

There have been several deadly clashes between the members of Boko Haram and the army in northeastern part of the African Young bonobos that are more

“socially competent” are more likely to cuddle and calm other apes that are in distress, research has revealed.

Scientists working at an African sanctuary found that bonobos that recovered quickly from an upsetting experience, such as a fight, were also more likely to comfort others.

This mirrors findings from studies in children, and suggests bonobos manage their emotions in a very similar way.

The work is published in PNAS journal.

The researchers captured footage showing “emotionally competent” young apes rushing to hug other

Diamonds big enough to be worn by Hollywood film stars could be raining down on Saturn and Jupiter, US scientists have calculated.

New atmospheric data for the gas giants indicates that carbon is abundant in its dazzling crystal form, they say.

Lightning storms turn methane into soot (carbon) which as it falls hardens into chunks of graphite and then diamond.

These diamond “hail stones” eventually melt into a liquid sea in the planets’ hot cores, they told a conference.

The biggest diamonds would

If you see blood in your urine, even if it is just once, it could be a sign of cancer, a public health campaign warns.

Kidney cancer diagnoses have risen by a third in the past 10 years in England.

And the death toll has increased by 7%, with about 3,500 people dying from kidney cancer in England in 2011.

Public Health England (PHE) says the rise is linked to unhealthy

likely be about a centimetre in diameter - “big enough to put on a ring, although of course they would be uncut,” says Dr Kevin Baines, of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

He added they would be of a size that the late film actress Elizabeth Taylor would have been “proud to wear”.

“The bottom line is that 1,000 tonnes of diamonds a year are being created on Saturn.

“People ask me - how can you really tell? Because there’s no way you can go and observe it.

“It all boils down to the chemistry. And we think we’re pretty certain.”

Baines presented his unpublished findings at the annual meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences of the American Astronomical Society in Denver, Colorado, alongside his co-author Mona Delitsky, from California

Speciality Engineering.Uranus and Neptune have

long been thought to harbour gemstones. But Saturn and Jupiter were not thought to have suitable atmospheres.

Baines and Delitsky analysed the latest temperature and pressure predictions for the planets’ interiors, as well as new data on how carbon behaves in different conditions.

They concluded that stable crystals of diamond will “hail down over a huge region” of Saturn in particular.

“It all begins in the upper atmosphere, in the thunderstorm alleys, where lightning turns methane into soot,” said Baines.

“As the soot falls, the pressure on it increases. And after about 1,000 miles it turns to graphite - the sheet-like form of carbon you find in pencils.”

By a depth of 6,000km, these chunks of falling graphite toughen into diamonds - strong and unreactive.

These continue to fall for another 30,000km - “about two-and-a-half Earth-spans” says Baines.

“Once you get down to those extreme depths, the pressure and temperature is so hellish, there’s no way the diamonds could remain solid.

“It’s very uncertain what happens to carbon down there.”

One possibility is that a “sea” of liquid carbon could form.

“Diamonds aren’t forever on Saturn and Jupiter. But they are on Uranus and Neptune, which are colder at their cores,” says Baines.

lifestyles - smoking and obesity both raise the risk of kidney cancer - but early diagnosis could drive down death rates.

When kidney cancer is diagnosed at the earliest stage, the one-year survival rate is close to 97%, compared with about 32% at a late stage.

Visible blood in the urine is a symptom in more than 80% of bladder cancer patients and in most of those with kidney cancer.

However, when asked to name cancer signs and symptoms, only a third of people mention unexplained bleeding, according to PHE.

Prof Kevin Fenton, PHE director of health and wellbeing, said: “Our message is clear - as soon as you spot blood in your pee, visit the GP.

“It’s probably nothing serious, but it could also be a sign of something else that needs treatment, so don’t ignore the symptoms or put off a trip to the doctor.”

Premier League football club West Bromwich Albion is backing the campaign.

It is testing special heat-sensitive urinals in its stadium that, when used, display the words: “If you notice blood in your pee, even if it’s just once, tell your doctor.”

country, since Nigerian security forces intensified crackdown on the militant group, following President Goodluck Jonathan’s order in May.

The Nigerian forces have been raiding militant camps and launching air and ground attacks on suspected hideouts of the militants over the past two months.

Boko Haram says its aim is to topple the Nigerian government, accusing it of being pro-Western.

The group has also claimed responsibility for a number of deadly attacks in Nigeria since 2009.

Over 3,600 have been killed during the growing violence in the north of Africa’s most populous country over the past four years.

In May 2013, the Nigerian government imposed a state of emergency in three states in the northeast, saying Boko Haram had become a security threat in those states.

Check For Blood In Urine, Urges Kidney Cancer Campaign

Amnesty calls for probe into Nigeria deaths

West Bromwich Albion midfielder Youssouf Mulumbu and referee Dave Nixon are supporting the campaign

juveniles that were screaming after being attacked.

Bonobos are already known as the “empathic apes”. Previous studies have documented their responses to others’ emotions.

Prof Frans de Waal from Yerkes National Primate Research Center at Emory University in Atlanta, said these new results revealed that their ability to console one another was part of this empathy.

He added: “It’s almost as if one first needs to have one’s own emotional house in order before one is ready to visit the emotional house of another.

“This is true for children, and apparently also for bonobos.”

‘Diamond rain’ falls on Saturn and Jupiter

Diamond rain could be “the most common precipitation in the Solar

System” the authors say

Apes comfort each other ‘like humans’

‘Emotionally competent’ bonobos were more likely to console other apes

month of rest for the head of state, adding that she should be in “strict repose” and should avoid

air travel for 30 days.Fernandez’ spokesman,

Alfredo Scoccimarro, said she was recovering well and is “in excellent spirits.”

Her recovery period would mean that she would be kept out of the campaign during legislative elections on October 27.

Fernandez underwent surgery on October 8 to drain a painful

blood clot that was pressing on her brain. The clot was result of a previously unreported trauma to the head that she suffered on August 12, officials said.

She is the widow of Argentina’s former president, Nestor Kirchner, who died of a heart attack in 2010.

Moreover, Fernandez is Argentina’s first elected female president and has been in office since December 2007.

Argentina president leaves hospital following surgery

Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner