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Moral
Pluralism
Anshuman Tyagi | Apoorv Sadh | Avinash Kumar | Aviral Srivastava
End Term Presentation- Professional Practices
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What is it?Moral pluralism is the idea that there are
several values which may be equally correct
and fundamental, and yet in conflict with
each other.
The definition of right or wrong dependson the person.
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What are its type?
Intellectual pluralism- asserts that there is no objective truth. Plurality ofbeliefs is thus inevitable and to be encouraged.
Religious pluralism- different religions proceeds to draw the conclusion that
they are all equally valid manifestations of the same ultimate reality.
A prevailing liberal political philosophy, which encourages plurality of beliefs
and actions, and places considerable emphasis upon individual freedom of
action.
Intellectual Pluralism | Religious Pluralism | Political Philosophy
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Relativism is the declaration that there are no fixed
absolutes. It talks about choices in different societies.
Pluralism, however, is a descriptive term, which refers to
the existence of a number of different viewpoints within the
same society. Pluralism of itself does not imply relativism; it
simply implies divergence.
Difference from Relativism
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ExamplesMoral Relativism
The Greeks believed it was wrong to eat the dead,
whereas the Callatians believed it was right to eat the
dead.
The Eskimos see nothing wrong with infanticide,whereas Americans believe infanticide is immoral.
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ExamplesMoral Pluralism
A young man who is torn between staying with his mother and
joining the armed forces in times of war. On one hand, he has a
great deal of concern for his mother, who will be alone if he
leaves, and feels he ought to stay with her. But, on the other hand,
he feels an obligation to his country in that time of war.
The situation in which you must choose between keeping a
promise to meet a friend at some particular time and stopping to
render aid to an accident victim.
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Example
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How do people react? For some, if the action gives a positive result, they consider the
action a morally good thing to do. In other words, because it
produced good consequences, it was the right thing to do.
Others look at how the consequence affects us, and they believe
each person is the best judge of his or her own self-interest and
thus leans toward selfishness, but morality encourages
compassion, love, and a sense of others.
And then there's a group who thinks we should do what produces
the greatest good for everyone, not just for me. They believe moral
disputes can be resolved by objectively computing the outcome, or
the consequences of actions.
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Thick and Thin morality Ethical pluralism allows that there are a few basic moral
principles that all cultures should follow.
But beyond these principles, each culture can have its ownvalue system, provided that it does not violate the higher moralprinciples.
It means that:
Thin morality is the same everywhere.Thick morality is valid only for people in the samecommunity.
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What to do?Practical Wisdom | Super Scales | Basic Preferences
Practical Wisdom: a judgment that the wise and virtuousperson has, which enables him to see the right answer.
Super Scales: Although values are plural, there is
nonetheless an available scale on which to rank them and
act accordingly.
Basic Preferences: Choose what you want to choose.
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Facts to rememberMoral reasoning may come to conclusions about
principles or actions.
At least one premise must be supplied by a moral
theory that specifies what is right or what ought to
be done.
Purely descriptive claims about matters of fact arenot sufficient to create a completely explicit moral
argument.
Assumptions must be recognized.
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onclusion The challenge as a society is finding the common
ground, and acknowledging the legitimacy of theconflicting insights, and establishing a minimal area of
agreement so we can live together with our
differences.
We should be able to tolerate other peoples
different moral values because we are willing tocooperate and live together in the same society.
Thus individual relativism can be refuted if people in
the same society share the same political courses.
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Thank You