More intensive agriculture?

Convert more land to agriculture

Compete with food and feed?

Expanding agriculture

Replaces previous uses of that landNature eg savannah, forest• Carbon released, biodiversity damaged, forest people

threatened

Pastoral land• important especially in Africa

• Livestock often the only insurance policy for people

Agriculture land• Pushes farming activities elsewhere

Expanding agriculture

Pushes farming and communities into new areasDestruction of habitats• Eg sugar cane expansion pushes cattle-ranching and soy

farming into the Amazon

Social conflicts• Threatens indigenous people

• 100 million people in Indonesia depend on the forests

Land use changes = release of carbon• Most agrofuels therefore worse for the climate then

conventional oil

Indirect effects - prices

Competition for same resources - increased prices

Hardest hit - people in developing countries

False solutions:Certification as a smokescreen

Fails to deal with the main problem - over-consumption and inefficient use of resources in the North

Issue too complex to solve main issues eg leakage

Mandatory rules likely to be weak (not compatible with WTO)

Unlikely to be fully implemented or monitored

Resource document: FoEE report on certification

Ways forward - agrofuels

Drop mandatory target - its not sustainable

Fuel Quality Directive should focus on fossil fuels

Stop subsidies and other incentives

Real climate solutionsEnergy efficiency revolution

Sustainable transport higher priority

Tougher car efficiency standards

Ways forward - animal feeds

Less consumption of animal products

Raise awareness on link to GM crops

Home grown protein crops