Remember…� Comprehension is the main purpose of reading.� Reading is the process of constructing meaning from
print.� Comprehension is a constructive, interactive process
involving:involving:� The reader� The text� The context in which the text is read
� Don’t forget…� Build background,
� Give students material on the appropriate level, and
� Teach strategies, such as generating questions as they read, to help your students make connections
Strategy Instruction Works Best When…
� Students evidence a need for a strategy.
� The strategy is taught and applied to a selection.selection.
� The teacher repeatedly models and explains the strategy.
� When assessment is based on comprehension of the text and use of the strategy.
Louisiana Literacy Strategies� Brainstorming� DR-TA� GISTing� Graphic Organizers� Learning Logs� Opinionnaires/
� RAFT writing� Reciprocal Teaching� SPAWN writing� Split-Page Notetaking� SQPL-Student Questions
for Purposeful Learning� Opinionnaires/ Anticipation Guides
� Professor Know-It-All� Process Guide� Questioning the Author
(QtA)
for Purposeful Learning� Story Chains� Vocabulary Cards (AKA
Frayer Model)� Vocabulary Self-Awareness� Word Grid (AKA Semantic
Feature Analysis)
Good Resource--Vermilion Parish Literacy Strategies--http://www.vrml.k12.la.us/cc/18str/18str.htm
More Strategies…� ABC Brainstorming
� Quick Write/List
� Quick Talk
Foldables
� Opinionnaires/ Anticipation Guide
� i-Chart
� Vocabulary Cards AKA � Foldables
� Flying High with Academics
� GISTing
� Vocabulary Cards AKA Frayer Model
� RAFT
� List-Group-Label
� Professor-Know-It-All
ABC Brainstorming� Activate students’ background knowledge before
talking about a topic by using ABC Brainstorming.
� Students are asked to think of a word or phrase related to the topic by matching it to each letter of the to the topic by matching it to each letter of the alphabet.
� http://www.readingquest.org/strat/abc.html
Quick Write or Quick Talk� Ask students to talk about or write down as many ideas
they can think of about a given topic.
� The ideas can be single words or phrases.
� Give students 60 seconds to write. � Give students 60 seconds to write.
� ReadWriteThink overview of quick write/quick talk.
� Also… http://www.litandlearn.lpb.org/strategies/strat_quick.pdf
Foldables� http://foldables.wikispaces.com/
� http://www.catawba.k12.nc.us/C_i_resources/Foldables.htm
Flying High with Academics� From Dr. Cummins…
� Strategy to get students moving
� Requires students to think critically as develop clues for “teaching”
� Legal to make paper airplanes ☺� Legal to make paper airplanes ☺
� Do it…
� Read passage
� Make an airplane
� Write a question about the passage
� Fly your plane
� Pick up a plane and answer the question
GISTing� A technique to help students to read text for main
ideas.
� Students are asked to summarize selected sections into a designated number of clear, concise words.a designated number of clear, concise words.
� http://www2.etown.edu/bap/Resources/gisting.pdf
Opinionnaires/ Anticipation Guide� A series of statements where students note whether
they agree or disagree with each one.
� Students then read a selection then compare what they said with what was in the text.said with what was in the text.
� http://www.greece.k12.ny.us/instruction/ela/6-12/reading/Reading%20Strategies/anticipation%20guide.htm
I-Chart� A planned framework for answering questions about a
topic.
� http://forpd.ucf.edu/strategies/stratIChart.html
Frayer Model/ Vocabulary Cards
Connect
DefinitionTo join or fasten together
CharacteristicsLink
Interlocking
Associate
Relate
ConnectRelate
ExamplesBridge
Paper clips linked together
NonexamplesUnlatched Gate
Illustrations
RAFT� Students respond in writing by thinking about a topic
from various perspectives.
� Role of the Writer: Who are you as the writer? A pilgrim? A soldier? The President?pilgrim? A soldier? The President?
� Audience: To whom are you writing? A political rally? A potential employer?
� Format: In what format are you writing? A letter? An advertisement? A speech?
� Topic: What are you writing about?
� From http://www.adlit.org/strategies/19783.
List-Group-Label� A brainstorming activity that helps students see how
words can belong in a variety of groups while activating and building background knowledge prior to beginning a unit of study.
Initial List of Animals
Labeled Groups
Jungle Forest/Woods House Farm
Zebra
Tiger
Lion
Giraffe
Elephant
Antelope
Deer
Possum
Raccoon
Coyote
Blue Jay
Cat
Dog
Goldfish
Parrot
Pig
Horse
Cow
Mule
Sheep
Goat
Initial List of Animals
Zebra
Deer
Pig
Cat
Horse
Dog
Tiger
Cow
Mule
Antelope
Lion
Sheep
Goat
Raccoon
Possum
Parrot
Blue Jay
Goldfish
Elephant
Coyote
Giraffe
Professor Know-It-All� Provides students with opportunities to be the “expert” on a
topic studied in class.1. Establish groups of three or four students.2. Students review the content just covered and generate three to
four content related questions they anticipate being asked. The group discusses these topics in detail in preparation for later class group discusses these topics in detail in preparation for later class discussion.
3. Come to the front of the room, one at a time, face the class and respond to questions posed by their classmates. Students should ask their proposed questions first and then others if more information is desired. The teacher should remind students to challenge and/or correct the professor-know-it-alls if needed.
4. Process continues until all groups have served as “professors” and/or until all content has been thoroughly and critically discussed. Ties, graduation caps, lab coats, clipboards, and other accessories can be used by the “professors” to add a touch of novelty.
Process Guides� Process Guides scaffold students’ comprehension
from literal level processing to more critical and applied content knowledge.
� Leveled formats designed by the teacher to match the � Leveled formats designed by the teacher to match the content being studied helps guide students’ thinking.
� Guides can be designed in a variety of ways to accompany the content being studied and/or the purpose and level of active learning to be implemented.