More Review
Are Viruses Alive?
Virus Structure
What is an envelope?What is just a viroid made of?What is a prion made of?
Know Your Terms• Fever• Autotroph • Pathogenic • Host• Immunity • Vaccine• Bacteriophages • Anaerobic• Chemosynthesis
Organism that doesn’t use oxygen
An increase in body temperature
Viruses that attack only bacteria
Injected dead or weakened virus to increase immunity
Organisms that can make their own food
Resistance to a disease
Using energy from inorganic chemicals to make food
Disease causing
An organism that has another organism living on or in it
Shapes of Viruses
HelicalPolyhedralBinalFilovirus
What shape is it?
What shape is it?
What shape is it?
What shape is it?
What shape is it?
What shape is it?
What shape is it?
How were viruses discovered?
Dmitri Ivanovsky Martinus Beijerinck
Viral Diseases?
Virus Life CycleViruses Replicate, not reproduce!
Lytic vs. Lysogenic?
How can we use viruses for good?
Kingdom MONERA – all prokaryotes (bacteria)
Monera
Archaebacteria Eubacteria
So different that many scientists have them as two separate kingdoms
Archaebacteria – “ancient bacteria”
Methanogens HalophilesThermophiles
Eubacteria – “true bacteria”, live in less harsh conditions, found everywhere
E. coli Salmonella
Shape – 3 basic shapes
Coccus Bacillus
Spirillum
Cell Arrangement
• Diplo- in pairs• Strepto – in chains• Staphylo – in a cluster (like grapes)• Tetrad – a group of 4 coccus bacteria• Sarcina – group of 8 coccus bacteria in a cube
like arrangement
diplococcus
streptococcus
bacillus
spirillum
diplobacillus
staphylococcus
coccus
tetrad
streptobacillus
Food Sources
Autotroph Heterotroph
ParasitePhotosynthesis
Chemosynthesis Saprophyte
Respiration
•Anaerobic
•Aerobic
Reproduction
• Conjugation• Transformation• Binary fission
Asexual?Sexual?Most common?
Favorable Conditions?
• Warmth• Moisture• Darkness• Food
What can some bacteria do to survive if conditions are not favorable?
Bacterial Diseases?
Bacterial Diseases
Endotoxins Exotoxins
Are all bacteria bad?
• Benefits?
Disease
• Any malfunction of the body
Infectious – caused by germs
• Germs – bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, small animals
Viruses bacteria fungi roundworms flatworms
Communicable
• Can be spread from 1 organism to another
Direct contact
Indirect contact
Contaminated food / water Animal bites
Airborn
Which is the most common?
Direct Contact
• Touching an infected person
Shaking handsHigh five
Indirect Contact
• Touching an object that an infected person has touched
Air born
• Travel through the air – effect respiratory system
Cold viruses in droplets can be transmitted to a person as far as 15 feet away
Animal Bites
Bubonic plague
buboes
Malaria
Lyme disease
Rabies
Contaminated Food and Water
Amoebic dysentery
• caused from contaminated water
Salmonella
• eating raw or undercooked foods
Botulism
• improperly canned foods
Serious cases can cause death from heart or respiratory failure
Body’s Defenses
1st Line 2nd Line 3rd Line
1st line – structural defense
2nd Line – cellular defense
3rd Line – chemical defense
Immunity – resistance to a disease
How do you get immunity?
Inborn Acquired
Get disease
Vaccine
Serum Shot