MORO SOCIETIESIN THE PHILIPPINES
BEFORE ANDAFTER THE 2017MARAWI CRISIS
BACKGROUND
EXTENT OF DEVASTATION
IMPACT
Group KIA Wounded/Dis-placed
Armed Forcesof thePhilippines
165 out of3,000deployed
1,4000 (1 missing)
Mautes 974 out of1,000estimatedforcedeployed
1 captured
Civilians 87 (40 due toillness
359,680 displaced(38.5% of totalprovincialpopulation =933,260)
MAUTE ABU SAYYAF ISIS?
ALLIES – REBELGROUPS(MNLF/ MILF)
WARLORDS, CONGRESSMEN, PRESIDENT
LOCAL MAYORS• Fajad Salic, former Marawi mayor (uncle-in-
law of Mautes)
• Maute financier
• Maute attack “a revenge attack againstthe incumbent mayor of Marawi by agroup of local politicians who lost the2016 elections.”
• involved in drug trade
• Omar Ali Solitarioformer Marawi mayor, formercommander of the Moro National LiberationFront
• involved in drug trade (P10 million drugsconfiscated by police in June 2017)
• suspected Maute ally (role as negotiatorrevoked)
• The Maute Network(in the military’s eyes)
ISIS
IsnilonHapilon
Cayamoraand Farhana
Maute
MayorsLucky
Seven ClubDrug Queen
ofMindanao
DrugSyndicates
MoroIslamic
LiberationFront
MoroNational
LiberationFront
Abdullahand
OmarMaute
Cousins,nephew,in-lawsand kin,Mayors
Muslimyouth
CommunityAbu
Sayyaf
Bangsamoro IslamicFreedomFighters
JemmahIslamiya
ORANG BESAR
THE MUSLIMSTRONGMAN(A 1969“SURVEY”)
Problem Datu Mayor Imam
Family relations x x
Agrarian problems x x
Who to vote for x x
Boundary disputes x x
Law violations x x
Financial problems x
Agriculturalproblems
x x
Hajj and religiousmatters
x
Health/Sanitation x x
Plant/animal pest x x
Others x x
MORO REBELLION
MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION FRONT
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PERCENT WITH VERY MUCH TRUST IN SPECIFIC LAW ENFORCERS, MOROPROVINCES (%)
Official/Leader
Total Lanao delSur
Maguindanao Sulu Tawi-Tawi Lanao delNorte
Barangaycaptain
60 54 76 62 71 50
Mayor 59 35 75 57 69 53
Local police 42 18 56 47 63 43
Military 38 11 42 45 70 36
Shariah courts 36 38 46 51 48 24
Lawyers 30 9 47 37 45 23
Judges 28 6 45 41 43 22
Prosecutors 28 4 46 38 47 20
Secular courts 27 5 41 39 38 24
INSTITUTIONS WHICH FAMILIES INVOLVED IN RIDO GO TO SETTLE THECONFLICT
Province Localgovernment(LGU) officials
Military/Police Elders/TraditionalLeaders
LGU and elders/traditionalleaders
Basilan 44 7 3 3
Sultan Kudarat 5 - 3 10
Lanao del Norte 77 3 21 46
Tawi-Tawi 20 - 1 -
ZamboangaSibugay
37 8 20 3
Zamboanga delSur
24 5 18 10
Zamboanga delNorte
43 - 3 10
Sulu 62 2 12 16
North Cotabato 4 1 14 10
Total 312 (54%) 25 (4%) 81 (14%) 152 (26%)
PERCEPTION OF IMPACT OF JUDICIAL SYSTEM TO RESOLVE RIDO
Province Yes (%) No (%)
Zamboanga del Norte 57.1 40.5
Zamboanga del Sur 48.9 51.1
Zamboanga Sibugay 39.0 61.0
North Cotabato 30.0 70.0
Sultan Kudarat 38.9 61.1
Basilan 68.3 31.7
Lanao del Norte 51.3 48.7
Tawi-Tawi - 100
Sulu 571. 42.9
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DRUG GROUPS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Region+ Geographical distribution ofneutralized drug groups (2008)
Geographical distribution ofneutralized drug groups (2009)
National CapitalRegion
6 57
Luzon 20 85
Visayas 5 49
ARMM 0 6
Rest of Mindanao 6 51
LANAO DEL SUR’S SHADOWECONOMY
• Lanao del Sur central site of drugprocessing and distribution ofmethamphetamine (shabu)
• Marawi – processing site of high-grade shabu
• Profitable business/better earningoccupation: ($3.00 sachet anddaily average of 20 sachets earnpusher US$60/day)
• Family affair
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NARCO-POLITICS
• In 2012, 88% unrecorded andun-taxed shadow economyconstitutes 88% of ARMM’sannual generated revenue(total: P600M)
• Not a single drug conviction in 5ARMM provinces in the last 15years
• Lanao del Sur’s ”Lucky SevenClub”
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RIDOANDDRUGS
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MINDANAO SOCIAL CONDITION
Mindanao Regions Poverty Incidence amongPopulation
Autonomous Region for MuslimMindanao
59%
SoCSarGen 44.5
Caraga 43%
Northern Mindanao 40.9%
Zamboanga Peninsula 39%
Davao Region 26.7%
Philippines 26.3%
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GUN OWNERSHIP
Categories ARMM NorthernMindanao
Population(2007))
4.1 million 3.9 million
Licensed guns 20,203 26,514
Illegal guns 114,189 42,231
Total guns 134,392 68,745
FIREARMS NATIONWIDE AND PERCENTAGE SHAREPER ISLAND GROUP
Location Firearms Percent
Luzon 1.387 million 73
Visayas 152,000 8
Mindanao 361,000 19
Philippines 1.9 million 100
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FIREARMS NATIONWIDE AND PERCENTAGESHARE PER ISLAND GROUP
Location Firearms Percent
Luzon 1.387 million 73
Visayas 152,000 8
Mindanao 361,000 19
Philippines 1.9 million 100
ILLICIT GUNS DISTRIBUTION, MINDANAO,2009/2010 (ESTIMATES)
Location Threat (Rebel)Groups (2009)
Percentage toest. total
Crime Groups(2009)
Percentage toest. total
Estimated total Illicit Guns(2010)
ARMM 5,179 4.5 1,440 1.26 114,189
Central Mindanao 2,984 4.75 360 0.57 62,718
Northern Mindanao 1,737 4.11 490 1.16 42,231
Davao Provinces 1,109 2.25 30 0.06 49,178
Southwestern Mindanao 750 1.63 80 0.17 45,974
Caraga 381 0.86 180 0.40 43,960
Mindanao 12,140 3.38 2,580 0.72 358, 250
Philippines 15,640 0.8 4,980 0.26 1,905679
• The Datu-politicoNetwork
ISIS
IsnilonHapilon
Mayors FahurSalic andSolitario
MayorsLucky Seven
ClubDrug Queen of
Mindanao
DrugSyndicates
MoroIslamic
LiberationFront
MoroNational
LiberationFront
Cousins,nephew,in-lawsand kin,
FarhanaMaute
Muslimyouth andstudents Community
AbuSayyaf
BangsamoroIslamic
FreedomFighters
JemmahIslamiya
Omarand
AbdullahMaute