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Morphology of Inner Magnetospheric
low-energy ions
M. Yamauchi, et al.
Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), Kiruna
Ion drift under strong B-field (e.g. inner magnetosphere)
Magnetic drift (Energy dependent)
* gradient-B drift
* curvature drift
⇒ dominant for > 10 keV
ExB drift (Energy independent)
* co-roration E-field
* external E-field
⇒ dominant for < 0.1 keV
Ion drift
Energy dependent for magnetic drift and Energy independent for ExB drift/corotation
external E-field
Ion drift
Westward drift for high energy/evening and Eastward drift for low-energy/morning
Ion drift
Variation in the source and E-field makes the ion population a zoo of various patterns
Characteristic of Cluster Perigee
* North-South symmetric
* Quick scan of all latitude
The examined ion signatures (1)
(b) Wedge-like energy-latitude dispersed ions at sub-keV range: predominantly found in the morning sector some hours after a substorm. The source population is much colder than the plasma sheet. (both symmetric/asymmetric)
(e) Internal asymmetry of (b)
(c) Vertical stripes: similar to the wedge-like structure but dispersion is weak (nearly vertical in the spectrogram). The energy extends from the about 10 keV to sub-keV. (both symmetric/asymmetric)
The examined ion signatures (2)
The examined ion signatures (3)
(d) Short bursts of low-energy ions isolated from the above structures: a peak energy flux less than 100 eV but not thermal. (both symmetric/asymmetric)
The examined ion signatures (4)
(f) Warm trapped ions confined near equator: ~ tens eV to a few hundred eV.
(b) Wedge-like energy-latitude dispersed ions at sub-keV range: predominantly found in the morning sector some hours after a substorm. The source population is much colder than the plasma sheet.
(c) Vertical stripes: similar to the wedge-like structure but dispersion is weak (nearly vertical in the spectrogram). The energy extends from the about 10 keV to sub-keV.
(d) Short bursts of low-energy ions isolated from the above structures: a peak energy flux less than 100 eV but not thermal.
(e) Internal asymmetry of (b)
(f) Warm trapped ions confined near equator: tens eV to a few hundred eV.
The examined ion signatures (1)-(4)
Characteristic of Cluster Perigee
* North-South symmetric
* Quick scan of all latitude
+north-south symmetric nature of trapped ions (due to bouncing) Distribution must be north-south symmetric
Where? Inner Magnetosphere at 4~6 RE (Cluster perigee)
Species? H+ of 10 eV ~ 10 keV (CIS/CODIF energy range)
Distribution? Intense ion population (except plasma sheet)
In this work: (a) Statistics distribution, (b) 1-2 hour scale evolution/decay (using inbound-outbound asymmetry), (c) relation to substorms (using elapsed time from high AE),(d) modeling (using Ebihara’s simulation code).
We examined all SC-4 perigee pass during 2001-2006 (about 670 traversals, with relatively clean data of 460 traversals).
Analyses
Before analyses, we have to examine possible “biases” such as Instrument Degradation or Solar Cycle phase
Database quality check
We examine both “inbound-outbound” symmetric & asymmetric cases
Decrease of “wedge-like” is not due to solar cycle !
Occurrence of substorm is rather constant
The same for “low-energy burst”
Occurrence of substorm is rather constant
But “vertical stripes” show some solar cycle effect
Rather, the decrease is due to instrumental effect
Rapid degradation of the sensor
Occurrence of substorm is rather constant
Impossible to take statistics during 2003-2004 because of radiation dose. Otherwise large decrease.
How about warmed trapped ions?
Rapid degradation of the sensor
Occurrence of substorm is rather constant
(1) Both 2001-2003 & 2004-2006 show morning peak We can safely use 2001-2006 data together.(2) Very high observation frequency in the morning (> 80%)
Next check:Is Local Time distribution affected by this bias?
Local Time distributionsy
mm
etric
+ a
sym
met
ric
enha
nced
with
in tr
aver
salWedge-like:
high-occurrence (morning) peak is not midnight enhance > symmetric > decay
Vertical stripe: midnight phenomena enhance (midnight) decay ~ enhance (other LT)
Low-energy burst: all local time enhance ~ decay time scale ~ 1 hour
enhance/decay factor 3 change
Is enhancement related to substorm?
AL
AU
AL
AU
eastward drift
Viking 14 MLT
poleward
6 MLT
9 MLT
12 MLT
15 MLT
18 MLT
For the wedge-like dispersion, the relation to substorm has already been studied:
After AE>400 nT activity,
(1) Moves eastward
(2) Decay in time
hr from substorm
cf. Viking
Rel
atio
n to
AE
act
iviti
es
Loc
al T
ime
dist
ribut
ion
* Strong preference during |AL|>300 nT activity* Outstanding at midnight Related to substorm-related injction * Optimum at 300 nT threshold (cf. 200, 400 nT)
Vertical stripes
Rel
atio
n to
AE
act
iviti
es
Loc
al T
ime
dist
ribut
ion
* Same result as Viking (morning~0h, afternoon>5h)* Less enhancement with elapsed time stagnation* Yet, enhancements after 5h & aftrnoon ???
Wedge-like dispersion
Rel
atio
n to
AE
act
iviti
es
Loc
al T
ime
dist
ribut
ion
* slight decrease of “change” with time* but stagnation
Low-energy burst
The inner magnetospheric low-energy ion populations (1)-(3) below show significant changes within 1-2 hours.
(1) Wedge-like energy-latitude dispersed ions (< a few keV),
(2) Vertical stripes (< 10 keV),
(3) Short-lived low-energy ion burst (< few hundred eV).
• For all three patterns, asymmetric cases (large inbound-outbound difference) are found more often than symmetric cases at almost all LT.
• For vertical stripes, majority of local midnight pass show large inbound-outbound difference when AL<300 nT.
• For low-energy burst, the lifetime is estimated as short as 1 hour
Summary 1
Where? Inner Magnetosphere at 4~6 RE (Cluster perigee)
Species? H+ of 10 eV ~ 10 keV (CIS/CODIF energy range)
Distribution? Intense ion population (except plasma sheet)
In this work: (a) Statistics distribution, (b) 1-2 hour scale evolution/decay (using inbound-outbound asymmetry), (c) relation to substorms (using elapsed time from high AE),(d) modeling (using Ebihara’s simulation code).
We examined all SC-4 perigee pass during 2001-2006 (about 670 traversals, with relatively clean data of 460 traversals).
Next
Rel
atio
n to
AE
act
iviti
es
Loc
al T
ime
dist
ribut
ion
* Same result as Viking (morning~0h, afternoon>5h)* Less enhancement with elapsed time stagnation* Yet, enhancements after 5h & aftrnoon ???
Wedge-like dispersion
Why inbound-outbound difference of “wedge” at Noon-Afternoon sector so often?
⇒ We examine using numerical simulation (Ebihara’s code)
The ion drift alone can re-produce significant inbound-outbound difference !
0.1 keV
t ≈ 15 hr
Another example: sub-keV (dispersion asymmetry) and a few keV (ion band)
0.1 keV
t ≈ 6 hr
t ≈ 4 hr
The significant changes of the “ Wedge-like dispersed sub-keV ions within only 1-2 hours can be explained by the drift motion even in the noon-afternoon sector.
But some signatures are yet naturally explained by the local inflow from ionosphere, that also has short time scale.
For both sources, the ion energy is very low (< 0.1 keV) but not cold.
Summary 2
Future work: * Mass dependence* Pitch-angle dependence
note: // >> does not necessarily mean ⊥ionospheric source but mirroring ions
Next
equator
Confined near equator = Only direction
spin axis
12
4
5
78S
C m
otion
sectors ≈ PA
E(H+) << E(He+) : new
equator
equator
equator
All Local time
All AE conditions
Energy-time dispersion = new
Appearing in 40 min = new!
statistics & dynamics
Summary 3We also studied the “equatorially-trapped warm ions” which are basically symmetric between inbound and outbound
• The energy of He+ is often higher than that for H+.
• Some events show a non-thermal ring distribution rather than superthermal pancake distribution.
• Some events show energy-time dispersion, indicating drifts from different local times.
• The time scale of the development is again about 1 hour.
• At about 4-4.5 RE, the observation probability is about 1/3 (night-dawn) to 1/2 (noon-dusk).
• The He+/H+ ratio is variable and is much less than 5% for the majority of the cases.
Future work:
(2) (n+(1/2))fce wave is accompanied
* relation to wave
Future work: * relation to wave* compare different SC