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Scots Philosophical Association, University of St. Andrews and Oxford University Press are collaborating with JSTORto digitize, preserve and extend access to The Philosophical Quarterly (1950-).
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Scots Philosophical AssociationUniversity of St Andrews
Mortal HarmAuthor(s): Steven LuperSource: The Philosophical Quarterly (1950-), Vol. 57, No. 227 (Apr., 2007), pp. 239-251Published by: on behalf of the and theOxford University Press Scots Philosophical Association
University of St. AndrewsStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4543226Accessed: 03-03-2016 14:51 UTC
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The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol 57, No 227
ISSN oo3i-8o94
Apr 2007
d o 1 0 1 / 1 4 6 7 9 21 3 2 oo 7 4 82 x
MORTALHARM
BY STEVENLUPER
Th h r m h y h d h m yh rm h nd v du who d Th p o humou h r m h
y h po h umou v n m y h rm h o w ho d Ep curu r c bo h h c m ng h
h r n o ub c wh o h rm d n o c r h r m wh ch r c v d n dn oc r m w h n n y h rm
r c v d F dm n r cu h h rm h w h o u on o Ep curu hr pu b d on h
o wn v r o n o f h d p r v o n c c ou n o f h rm B u m n y c r c m on g h m L m on G r y F
nd Br d y h v r c d F d m n o u on o h m ng pu off r ng h r own o u o n n
p c d cu h o u on o h m ng pu nd df nd h v w h w h w r v w
m y n cu r h rm f or w h ch d h n d p o h um ou v n r r p on b
W m g h E p cu ru w k no wn r g um n c on c rn n g d h f o ow
h h rm h on wh ch d h m y h rm h n dv du w ho d c n ho d
r u on y f h r ub c w ho h rm d by d h c r h rm wh ch
rc v d n d m wh n h h rm r c v d A o h m ng u h r
m o b w opo b o u on d h hrm v c m h rwh h y
r v or r f w o p f or h cond o u o n w p p r o r un h d
o n n o h prob m of h ub c for um ng h w d ono x f r
w r v no on f o n cur h rm f w o p f or h f r o u on
d h hrm v c m wh h y r v w h v r dy o u on o h
p ro b m of h u b c b u w f c h p ro b m of u pp y ng c r w y n
wh ch d h b d d h m u nb o hv ny ff c on u wh w
r v ng n c h n o y o cc ur rd C onc ud ng h h r n oc oh r n
o u on o hr u Ep curu r c h h rm h H focu on
d h bu h rgum n p p mor g n r y o nc ud v n h
f o ow d h o h n d d on o h h rm h Ep curu r c h p o
h um ou h r m h h p o hu mou v n c n h rm h o w ho d F or con
v n n c h c ny h rm for wh ch d h r p on b mor h rm
Fr d F dm n h mp d o r c u h h rm h w h o u on o
E pc ur u h r p u 1 Th om N g n dm n yo h r h o r h d
1 S F F d m n C on fr on o n w h h R p r O x fo rd U P 1 99 2 n d So m P u b ou
h E v o f D h P h o o ph c R v w 1 00 1 99 1 p p 20 52 7 r pr n J M F c h r d T h
M p hy c o fD h S n fo rd U P 9 93 P P 3 07 2 6
© 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n © 20 07 T h E d o r o f T h P h o o p h c Q u r r y
P u b h d b y B c k w P ub h n g 9 6 00 G r n g o n Ro d O xf or d ox 4 2 Dq U K n d 3 50 M n S r M d n M A 0 2 14 8 U SA
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240STEVEN LUPER
c m d h h h r m con c rn d f orm of d pr v on 2 w h c r n
qu f c on F d m n g r Th h rm c n b m d c r by c om p rn g
h c u w or d n wh ch h v u d d o h c o po b wor d n
which I live longer. If the latter is more valuable for me than the former,
d yn gh h rm d m T h u b c o f h h rm h v ng br h ng p r on
w ho h y o d A for h m wh n d h b d for v c m F dm n
y m c r om h h n w r o h qu on rn y
Som P u bou h E v o fD h p 2 21 H ugg d o u o n
pp r o b rn m f m hrm d by my d h m w y h rm d
n h h r on Th w or d nwh ch v o n m or v u b o m
h n h wor d nwh ch d f r u ru wh n vr u r d
B u m ny cr c m on g h m Ju n L mo n W m Gr y H r ry
S v r n N F nd B nBr d y r c rn m off rng h r own
o u on n p c 3 n h p p r h rgu h h r propo k
rn m f h h nd cu n rn v o u on n m y
pr o r m w h ch y h w m y n cu r d pr v o n h rm f or w h ch d h
r p on b wh w r v R y ng on pr or m c m o b b o
upp yp u b o u on o hr of h u Ep curu r d h no
o d dr of h u wh ch con m por ry Ep cur n r 4
bg n w h n x p n on of why F d mn c r c r c rn m
Su ppo ubb d my o y rd y f w k wh n h u bb ng b d for
m w h x c y do w w n o know? Th r r wo po b F r w
m gh b k ng Wh n ru h h ubb ng b d for m ? H r h
n w r E r n y f v r S c ond y w m gh b k ng A w h ch m
ru h h ubb ng b dfor m ? H r h n wr no
E r n y b u r h r om h ng k Th ubb ng b d for m nd
on y ho m wh n hur Th m mb gu y r wh n w k
bou h m ng of mor h rm F d m n m o k W h n L nco n
d h b dfor hm? o m n W hn ru h h d h b d for hm?
2 See T. Nagel, Death, in his Mortal Questions (Cambridge UP, 1979), PP. I-I I
3 J Lamont, A Sout on to the Puzze of When Death Harms ts Vctms , Austraas an
Journal of Philosophy, 76 (1998), pp 198-212 W Grey, Epicurus and the Harm of Death, Aus-
r n J ou mr n o f P h o op hy 7 7 1 99 9 P P 3 58 6 4 H S v r n T h E v o f D h J o ur n o J
P h o op hy 7 7 9 80 p p 4 01 2 4 r p r n F c h r d T h M p hy c o f D h p p 9 5 11 6
n d Th E v o f D h R v d M d w S u d n Ph o o ph y 24 2 00 0 p p 116 35 N F
T h T m o f D h M f or un N o 36 2 00 2 p p 35 98 3 B Br d y W h n D h
B d f or h O n W ho D ? N o 3 8 20 04 p p 1 2 8
4 F o r a r e c e nt s t u dy o f E p c u r u s p r o e ct s e e J Wa r r en F a c n g D e at h E p c u r u s a n d h s C r t c s
OxfordUP2004
© 2 0 07 T h A u h o r Jo ur n c om p o n © 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y
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MORTAL HARM 241
T h n w r E r n y f v r Bu h qu on cn o m n A wh ch
m ru h L nco n d h b d for hm ? A ccord ng o
F dm n c r c h cond v r on of h qu on h conc rn
h m ng of d h h r mfu n And n w r d u w y from
rn m
Bu w hr d o d? Th r r m ny po b f d h nd po
h um ou v n r r p on b f or d pr v o nh rm h m gh b n cu rr d
by v ng u b c h f o ow ng m or o m comb n o n h r of
h m w h n d h n d p o h um ou v n o cc ur c o nc ur r n m
b f r h y o cc ur u b qu n m
c b f o r h y o c cu r p r o r m
d m rn m
n nd rm n m nd fn m
Wh F d mn c r c r c rn m h y d gr bou w hch v w
h ou d k p c L m on o p f or con cu rr n m S v r n op fo r
nd f n m do Gr y who comb n w h u b q u n m h o h r
w o f v ou r u b q u n m
M ny ph o o ph r w r c n d fn m ou o f h nd b c u of h
m y r ou n of h m ng of h h rm po My own u gg on
h n h p r n con x wh r w r mp n g om Ep curu
c h n g w hou d con d r n d fn m o b n op o nof r o r n
ff c nd fn m r c Ep curu c h ng y h d h or po
humou v n c n h rm u v n f h r no d fn m w h nw ncur
h hrm o ugg h h rong w y o r pond o n df n m
o n w r h q u on r c o x p n wh n w m y ncur mor
h rm op o n d p urpor o do For now h n h pu nd f n m
d nd r u rn o f r d c u n g how h o h r op o n f r
O n L m on v r o n o f co nc ur r n m w n cu r d pr v o n h rm h
m wh n om v n n ur h w h no r n or n om
o hrw v b g ood h c uch v n n ur ng v n D h f
n n u rng v n o d h n d m ny d pr v o n hrm o ccur
m u n o u y S m r r on ng m gh v n d o h c onc urr n o ry
b ou w h n po h um ou v n h r mu f or k d h p o h um ou v n
n ur h w h no n om g ood w o h rw wou dh v h d
u ch no b ng n d r dp o hu mou y T h u p ho u nf d o ry
b ou w h n d h n d p o hu mo u v n h r m u
L k h o h r F nd Br d y c c p h d pr v o n v w of h rm
H ow v r un k L m on h y op f or u b qu n m F d f nc b d
o n x mp of h n g w y b ou o rd n ry n o m or h rm n h
ubb d o x mp h n wr o h qu on A wh ch m ru
C 2 0 07 T h A u h o r Jo ur n c om p o n © 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y
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242STEVEN LUPER
h h ubb ng b d for m ? h h ubb ng h rm d m f r
oc cu rr d R ou gh y b d fo rm nd on y h o m wh n h ur
On F v w o d rm n wh h r dy ng m wou d h rm m w
comp r h n r po b wor dw n wh ch d ono d o h c u
wor d nwh ch d n w v n u y d b f r Suppo h
wou df r w n h w or d f r E v nu y h c o fr w n w
f for no oh rr on h n h v n u y d Th n rv o f m f r
wh ch r wh n b g n o fr w n w n d nd wh n c o fr
w r ou gh y h p r o d of m d u r ng w h ch c cr u h h r m f or
w h ch d h r p on b c cor dn g o F
B n Br d y r f n F v r o n of u b q u n m A cc ord ng o B r d
y S d h b dfor S f nd on y f h n rn c v u of h
of f f r for S n h n r wor d nwh ch Sdo no d gr r
h n ro H nc d h b d for h p r on who d nd on y h o
m w hn h p r on wo ud h v b n v n g w or v ng f w or h
v ng h d h no d d wh n h d d Br d y p
S o mu ch f or h p ro po d c or r c o n o F d m n o u o n o h m n g
pu Wh h do now ugg n ob c o n o ub q un m
F r c on c o n f w r y on ord n ry n gu g c n g h w y h r m
u d n v r yd y p ch ub q u n m o ok p u b Th ub bd o
x mp p rh p n o d nc do no urn on good of wh ch m
d pr v d bu c r n y n u r o y h h h rm from o ubb ng
occ ur m m d y f r h ub bng w h h o hrobb ng S on
c n y c c o fd p rv on h rm n f v ou rof u b q u n m Y ou r
n m y g v h o r d r h y ou r o b d r ug g d n o u nc on c o u n f or
h n x m o n h W h n do y ou r n m y o r d r h rm y ou ? Ar gu b y f r
g v n w h y ou c n no c o nd uc y o ur f u u H ow v r v n
h ough u ch c ugg h w o rd n r y p k n n w h ub q u n
m u b qu n m c nn o r o y on h k nd of r gu m n f w c nn o
m k c r n of h d h p op ncur hrm wh h y r d d
u b qu n m mu g o n d w m u c on cu d h m n y h ng w
c om mo n y y b ou p o h u mo u h r m r n r r o r
A no h r con c o n p o b o m k n o fh ow h n g c n co m
o b r u of p r on y So cr b yv r u o f v n o cc ur rn g f r h
d d B u h r n ob c n m y h pp r n ru hof h c m h
h ng m y h v prop r y p r cu r m o ny f h y x h m
H r o n w y of ov r com ng h ob c A on gw h H r ry S v r n
nd o h r w m g h d op f our d m n on m h m phy c v w h
p nd fu ur o b c r o n oog c y o n p r w h pr n o b c v n
houg h h r mp or oc on r d ff r n O f c h ob c ppro
pr o y h x wh r x u d n y o h Socr
C 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n C 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y
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MORTAL HARM 243
n y x ru wh h r r d n h p pr n o r fu ur On
h four dm n on v w m k n o y h ng k S ocr
now d d W cn rf r oSocr who x n h n n v n
h ou gh S oc r r f r o o m h n g m p or y o c d wh o y n h p
n d w c n y o fh m h h no ong r v S m r y b yv r u of
c r n v n occurr ng c n ur f r h d h com o b ru o fSo
cr h h w d cu d n ph o ophy c n 2oo6 5
H r n oh r w y of ov r com ng h ob c D v d H R ub n
ug g h w m y corr c y r bu prop r o ob c or p r on w ho
h v c d or no b gun o x 6 Th m n Socr w d c u d
n p h o op hy c n 20 06 p p r o m p y h So cr c hn g d h
cqu r d h p ro p ry of b n g d c u d n p r c u r c T h p p r n
c hn g oc cu rr d n 2 00 6 W c n m k n o f h p p r n c by y ng
h h c h ng nvo v d C mbr dg c h ng Th h or o fc hng
h ng u nd r go wh o y n v r u o f r o nh p o om h n g
S oc r d o n o u nd r go n y c h ng n h n r n c p r op r w h n d
cu d n h w n y f r c n u r y w w ho ch ng o ur n r n c p ro p r
b u by v r u of h r on o u h h com o b d c u d Th ng
mu x p r cu r m n o rd r o hv n n r n cprop r y h
m M or ov r h ng m u x o un d rg oc h ng n h r n r n c
p rop r Bu h y n d no x or ch ng n r n c y o c qu r pro
p r n C mb rd g ch ng R ub n h n h C m br dg c h ng r
no r ch ng b u no r o n o fo ow h m n h v w Why
hou d r ch ng b m d o c hng n n r n c prop r ?
no wc r h p op m y un d rg oh r mwh h y r d d
ub q u n m v r ? O f cou r n o f h rm co n n b n g n o m b d
cond on u ch p n A f r Socr d d Socr con n u o r f r
o h v ng Socr H nc S ocr w h rm d m c n on ym n
h h v ng Socr wh h rm d C r y h v ng Socr do
no u nd r go h rm wh h f o v r f h o ny h rm r c on d o n k
p n B u m y o p c h d p r v o n c c ou n c co rd n g o w h ch h r m c n
con n h b n c of o m n g ood S op rh p w c n m k n
of u b qu n m by n r pr ng Socr d h h rm d hm wh h f
w o v r T h v ng Soc r c kd d ur ng r c h of m f o o wn g
h d h v r o u n g oo d wh ch h w ou d h v o b n d f h h d n o
d d T h w c ou d y wh h r w h nk four dm n on h h
m y x ng Socr ck g ood wh h no ong r v or w h
5 For further clarification, see M. Rea, Four-Dimensionalism, in MJ. Loux and
D W Z m m r m n d T h O x fo rd H n d bo ok o f M p hy c O xf or d U P 2 00 3 p p 2 46 8 1
6 D.-H. Ruben, 'A Puzzle about Posthumous Predication', Philosophical Review, 97 (1988),
p p 2 1 1 3 6
© 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n © 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y
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244STEVEN LUPER
Ru bn h Socr ck v r ou g ood w h h no ong r x n
No h n g my r o u h r
N vr h h rgu h w h v y o m k n o f p op n
cu rr ng h rm wh d d h u gg h o b c p b o f h rm h ng
mu h v c r n prop r om o fwh ch h d d ck n p r c u r h
d d ck prop r y h c r p on v n
h y h cr u r r pon v f nd on y f w b ng
m y b f fc d r n g fc r n cond on r m nd f ng f
c r n o h r cond on r m f no h ng c n b n n r
cr ur no r p on v So d fn d r p on v n no n r y
c r u nf or u n y f ur h r c r f c on of h n o on of r p on v n w
urn on pr c y wh m n by w b n g n d h n o on of w b n g
o f co ur h g h y co n ro v r c n no h o p o d f n d n c co un o f
w b ng hr W h h do n d k c h wh r pon v n com
o on c hof h h r n d rd c cou n o f w b n g T h c cou n r
c f d by D rk Prf n o hr yp h don d r f uf m n n d
ob c v ccoun 7
On hdon ccoun cr ur w b ng d rm nd by h v
of p ur n dp n xp r nc On h v w r pon v n
con n h c p c y o x p r nc p ur or p n For known
cr ur r p on v n n h n r qu r h v n g h o r o fn rvou
y m h g n r p u r or p n d p n d ng on pr v n gc rc um
nc H nc for x m p ygo wh ch n r y ck ny cogn v
pp r u unr p on v D r fu f mn h o r y h w b ng
m r of h fu f mn of cr n n d r nd h o hr h ng
b ng qu cr u r w b ng h gh r wh n h n d r
h r or w b m w h w b ng ow r wh n h n
d r h r or w b hw r d For h fu f mn h or r p on
v n con rough y nh vng or n h c p c y o h v n
d r nd o rqu r h v ng h k nd of cogn v pp r u h
u n d r Thu onc g n on h d r f uf m n h o ry ygo
unr p on v Ob c v h or xp n w b n g n rm o fv r ou
h ng h r o b c v y g ood h r g oodn no m r y m r of
h rp n n or h r fu f n gd r hough p ur nd d r
fu f m n p r h p w h c r n q u f c on m gh h m v b m ong
h d ob c v g ood A u mng h om h ng r ob c v y b d
uch p n h oo wou db r on w b n g Wh go on h of
good nd b d con rov r bu ny ob c v h or k y o
n c ud w oo fAr o x m p f r nd h p n d kno w dg T hu o h r
h ng b ng q u on w b n g h gh r wh n on d v o p or
7 See D. Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), P. 4.
C 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n © 20 07 T h E d o r o f Th P h o o p h c Q u r r y
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MORTAL HARM 245
n h nc f r n d h p or o n k no w d g o r o m o h r d g oo d
n d ow r wh n on fr n d h p n d or on o k now d g On h
v w r p on v n n vo v h c p c y fo rf r nd h p or kn ow d g
or o m o h r d m Bo h fr n d hp n d know d g r qu r
v ry oph c d m n f nd m k y h h w b r qu r
m n for m ny of h h ng h or nc ud g ood
Th p o on of on d m m gh w r qu r qu d ff r n
c p c f rom h o n d d f or h p o on of n o h r For x m p
r on by c r h cr ur m y b c pb of p ur w h ou b n g
c p b of h vng fr n d xp c h crocod c n n oy h m v y
c k h c p c y fo r h c om p x m o o n n r c on n vo v d n f r nd
h p h y h cr ur A r pon v r v o g ood or bd g
m f n don y fA h h c p c y for g nd h A r p on v
f n d on y f h r om g ood o rb d g u ch h A r p on v r
v o g Thu crocod r pon v r v o p ur b u no
r v o fr n d hp S n r p c o f h f orm r crocod r p on v
mp c r
c m h cr ur m yb h rm d m on y f r pon v
No h ng n r n c y o r x rn c y b d for cr ur un
r p on v n p r cu r c kng om g ood o rb d g no b d o r
good f or cr ur u n h c r u r r p on v
f h c m corr c h n wh cr ur m y b h r md by b ng
m d u nr p on v cr u r m yb h r m don y f r p on v L k
c roc od m y ho c n n dd o f o h v f r n d hp U n k h c roc o
d my h o cnno b h rm d no m r wh good ck
nv un r b y du o comp unr p on v n g nor r v
n of g oo d n wh ch ob c u ch h o m y h v g oo d wh n w
y h n m g ood x m p r of k nd on y f c r n c ond on r
m c r n d p r o n ord r o b good c r r v y w m gh y
go od f o r my c r o h v p r o
Wh r h mp c o n for h d d ? on h ng o y h
S ocr ck d v rou g ood w h d d nd n o hr o y h h ck of
v r ou g ood h r md h mwh h w d d A ho d o corp nd
h d u f w h n d c om po c k go od b u n o n cu rr ng h rm
h r by T h u nb or n r n o h r m dw h c kn g f 8 F or u b c A o
b h rm d m no n ough h A c k n good g A
mu b r p on v L vng p op m h c ond o n n dc n b
d p r v d of g oo d w h c or r p on d ng d p n w b n g w h h y r
v h o f h c on d o n n dc n n v r r y b d p r v d of go od
8 Pace P. Yourgrau, 'The Dead', Joumrnal of Philosophy, 86 (1987), pp. 84-1oi, repr. in Fischer
d Th M p hy c of D h p p 13 75 6
© 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n C 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y
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246STEVEN LUPER
Th d d f h c ond on o o Wh h r w u nd r nd w b n g n h
w yh don d r h or or ob c v h or do no on r p on
v w h d d Th w b c y E pcuru p on ong
Sub q u n do no y h d pr v o n hrm con n ck ng o m
g oo d Ro ug hy h y y h A h rm d wh d p rv d of n g ood
w h ch A w ou d o h r w h v h d S h o c n n v r b d p r v d of g oo d h y
wou d oh rw h v f or h mp r on h h y c nno h v ny
go od n h f r p c So my r gu m n m y p p r r r v n H ow v r
my po n h ncurr ng h rm n ow r w b n g h c nno h p pn
wh w ck h c p c y for w f r wh w r n o r pon v ru
h h o c n no b d p rv d of goo d h y w ou d o h rw h v h d h y
cnno h v good Bu o ru h wh d d w c nno h v
g ood nd h nc ru h wh d d w c n no b d pr v dof good
w w ou d oh rw h v h d O ur r p on v n c u y of d h
B y h m ok n d h c nn o b r p on b f or d pr v on b n f
n c ur r d p o h u mo u y M c D ou g w ho w ou d o h r w h v h d n o h n g
n h rfu ur xc p u ff rng n df u r h mp d n h r
p H r d h pr c ud v n h wou d hv h r m dh r h d h
no d d Bu S h b r off d d n o r y r u J u on no
b n f d b y ck of p n n d f u r M cDoug no b n f d wh
d d b y h r c k of u ff r ng n d f u r n c h d d r n o r p on v
Mo r ov r f ro m h f c h d p rv on h rm o rb n f c n no b
n cu rr d w h w r d d f ur h r c on q u n c f o o w p o h u mo u
v n c n no b r p on b f or d pr v on h rm or b n f n cu rr d
f r w r d d
m gh pp r h my worr bou h u nr p on v n of h d d
r no r ou nc u b qu n m gh r gu fo ow ru h
Socr no r pon v w h d d bu h d o n o op u f rom m kng
good n of h p o b y h h d h w b d for hm wh h w
d d obv ou y po b h f or om p rod of m ub
qu n o h d h S ocr wou d h v n oy d f h v ng po v
n r n c v u f or Soc r d ur ng h d h n o d d w h n h d d T h
unr p on v n of h d d n no wy n r fr w h h po b y f
h unr p on v n of h d d prob m h n mu b b c u
om h ow pr c ud o ur y ng h S oc r n on x nc d u rn g h d
n n r n c v u of ro for So cr d ur ng Ad m d y w h n p r o n
d e ad a t t t a w kw a rd t o a y t h at n o n- e x t e nc e h a a v a u e o f z er o f o r t ha t
p r on dur ng Bu g v n h p u b y of h r u ng u b qu n
ccoun r o n b o p u h h v u ro
T h r w y o m k n of h v u of fu ur p r od of non
x nc f or p r on Th po b f w y h h ng h occur n my
© 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n © 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y
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MORTAL HARM 247
future may advance or impede my interests now. (As for this latter position,
w cc p f w o y h now n my n r for my f who
o go w c nb for do ng w n h f uur h p m y f g ow nd
h n c my fu u r f ou r h ng b n f c o m n ow f o m h n g k h
corr c d p P rf ob c on h nw c nm k n o f h d h
o f ff r m y h v c r n v u f or p op w h h y r v
v n f do no h od un h y r d d n p r c u r ro m y or m y
no b h p r n v u of no x ng for o m on w ho now v
So f m v bu d d my non x nc m yw h v
v u p rh p ro for m Bu h d o n o h p ub q un Th y
n h m y non x n c h v u for m h wh m
d d y o confu h on w h h o h r How v r obv ou y
mpo b o mk n y n of of ff r h vng c r n v u
wh h r n r n c or x r n c f or p r on du rng o m m f h p r on
d d d ur ng h m P op r n o ong r r p on v h y r nc p b
o f v u ng w h nd d
concudethat ubequentt cannotbackthervew thatdeathcanbe
b d fo r p r o n po h um ou y W h c n b d v r yd ff r n n m y
r ou gh y h fo o wn g dy ng m x r n c y b d f or p r on A wh
A v f n don y fon h w ho h f A wou dh v h d f r h dA
no d d w ou d h v b n wo rh wh T h p o o n f orm of pr or
m n o u b q un m
My cr c m of u b qu n m h r n c oncurr n m w C r n y
p r ob e m a r e f w e a y t h a t p o t h um o u e v e nt a n d t he r d e p r v at o n h a r m
c n oc cu r m u n o u y T h p rob m of co ur h b y h m u ch
e v en t o c c u r n o th n g r e ma n n g o f u c a pa b e o f n c u r r n g ha r m O n e
m gh rgu nd d F d mn do h w urv v d h corp bu
a c o r p e n o t r e p on v e 9 We m g h t a o a r gu e a Yo ur g ra u d o e t ha t w e
are real while dead, but once again we are not responsive during that time,
owecannotncurharmthenButwhynot aythatdeathandt deprva-
on h rm c n occu r h m m ?
Theprobem thataunfed accountofdeprvatonharma trggeredby
d e at h a n d p o t hu m ou e v en t d e r a b e a n d a u t n o t ed t h e co n -
c u rr e nt t t o ry f o r p o t h um o u e v e nt u na c ce p ta b e L a m o nt v e r o n
basedonthe deathatensurngeventsareharmfu whch nturnsuggests
thatwe ncurtheharms mutaneousyw ththeoccurrenceoftheensurng
9 See Feldman, ' The Termination Thesis', Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 24 (2000), pp. 98-11 5.
© 2 0 07 T h A u h o r Jo ur n c om p o n © 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y
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248STEVEN LUPER
v n S nc p o p c n n o n c ur d p r v o n h rm p o h um ou y L m on
mg h mod fy h v w H m gh d n gu h b w n n n d r c h rm
wh c h n o f h r mf u c on d o n b u r p on b f or o ur n c ur r ng
h r mfu c ond on n d d r c h rm w h ch h h r mfu c ond on f
L mon m gh r n n u rng v n nd r c y h rmfu nd y h h
d r c h rm ncurr d r r wh w r v nd r p on v
P ror m f u n c h d b y my c r q u M y c m w h no h ng
n rn c y or x rn c y b dfor u un w r r p on v Bu
h d o n o ru o u h p o b y h v n f w r d d ck ng
good b d for u wh w r v F or v ng b ng r r p on v
P ror y h w m y b h rm d by d h n d po h umou v n wh
w r v 10
wo ud b m po b o b h r m d by po h um ou v n wh w r
v f h on y w y n wh ch n v n c ou d f f c u w r b yh v ng
c u ff c o nu u mng h r no b ckw rd c u on Bu p o hu m
o u v n n d n o c h ng o ur n r n c p rop r n or d r o co nr bu o
h u o f ou rw b n g T h yc n b h r u hm k ng co nd on f or
p rop o on w h ch ho d wh w r v F c b ou h f u ur c n b
g n o ur pr n n r wh n h y r o ur w f r ow r h n
m gh h v b n Th f c h o mor row w h c kv r ou g oo d w h ch
m d r u o d y by v n h w n o oc cu ru n om orr ow m y b
g n ou rp r n n r n h v ng h o g oo d o mor row o h o ur
w b ng o dy ow r h n m gh h v b n
Fu ur v n c n b r on our pr n n r f h r or bo h of w o
u m p o n h o d
A h wh w r v n our n r for our v o go w
po b
2 A t e a t o m e n t er e t w e n ow h a v e ma y b e a d va n ce d o r m p e de d b y
of f f r h ho d n h f u ur
Th cond ump on p c y p u b m y ho d v n f h f r
do no A n u r on of 2 uppo h v m d o m pro c
c n r f oc u of my f S ur y n my n r n ow for my pr o c o b
b ro ug h o u cc f u c on c u o n n h f u ur S up po h o n y c n
1 0 S G P c h r T h M f o r un o f h D d A m r c n Ph o o ph c Q u r r y 2 1 1 98 4
p p 2 1 7 - 25 r e pr n F c h er e d T h e M et a ph y c o f D ea t h p p 9 - 34 S L u pe r P o t h um o u
H r m A m r c n P h o op h c Q u r r y 4 1 20 04 p p 6 3 72 D S c o A r o o n Po
h um ou F o r u n O xf or d S u d n A n c n P h o o p hy 1 8 2 0 0 0 p p 2 1 1 2 9
© 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n © 20 07 T h E d o r o f Th P h o o p h c Q u r r y
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MORTAL HARM 249
comp bu d pr m ur y My dy ng n ur h ru of m
h m y pro c w n o b b rou gh o fru on n d m h rm d h
wh h v n n r n f n hng my pro c for dur ng h m m y
w f r ow r h n wou d h v b n h d ucc d d my pro c
Now u ppo n d h w n r y f n h d w h my pro c w h n d d
n d w ou d h v b n c om p d b y my d u gh r f m y o n h d n o
d r oy d m ywo rk u f r d d H r m y o n c o n p o hu mo u
v n h h rm d m Th u d h n d po h um ou v n m y h rm u
wh w r v n h our w b n gm y b ow r h n m gh h v
b n p r yb c u o f h v n Bu f 2 ru n d f h m
w h n m h r m d by m y f d p ro c m y b m or f o cu d d u r ng u c h
m h v no k non h p ro c m y n r r no f fc d by h
f c h w f o my d h do n o h rm m h n
On h p ro r v w d h n d po h um ou v n f n o g rou p of
occu rr nc h h v wo ch r c r c h v n occur on m nd
w n cu rh rm fr om h m n oh r n d h v c m n v r w r of n
cu rr ng h h rm T h g ro up n o r y my r ou f m r k nd of
x mp h ow c cd n y cu S p m n of fw h d r v ng n dSp m n
w g b c k m n x m on h by co nv nc ng m yf n c h m
n oo rou n r n on c rm n w h on d o b u nd r co n n u rv
n c Sh w m rry m n wo mon h b u h w o h m pr nd ng
h wh h h o v m much h do n ow n h x mp
fu ur v n gr y ff c m y pr n n r um ng h now n my
n r o h v m y f nc o v w o mo nh f ro mn ow y d on o no c
h mp c o nmy pr n w b n g
W c n o b f u y w r o f h h r mfu u p ho wh ch d h n d po
h um ou v n p r n y h v S up po m n f or m d by m y ph y c n h
h v o ny w k o v R gh n ow m fu y w r o f h rr b mp c
w hc hm yd h w k f ro mn ow h v ng on my pr n n r Su p
po fur hr h co gu v m on my d h bd nd m h h
o n h b ook m nu c rp m n o pu b h n d h g ong o d r oy
w k f r d m now w r o f f ur h r bow o my pr n n r
nd h m p o hum ou v n r p on b for
V
c n n ow u r n o n d f n m c co rd n g o w h ch d h n d p o h um ou
v n h rm u b u n o ny d fn m mo f mou p ropon n
Thom N g who p o o n cr c d by Ju n L mon nd N F
on h g round h mp h om v n k p c b u no pr cu r
C 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n © 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y
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250STEVEN LUPER
time. But William Grey defends Nagel, arguing that on Lamont s objection,
nd fn m mp h h r r w y of b ng h rm d uch h h h rm
n cu rr d no m w h v r A cc ord ng o G r y o y h o m
u nd r nd N g nd Gr y nd fn po on wh ch h h
m or h r m n cu rr d d ur n g r c h of m h h b u rr y bo un d r
H ow v r o u nd r o od n d f n m d o n o c om p w h c o nc ur r n
m u b q u n m o r pr or m G r y b r n d of n d f n m c or r c o n y
f u b q u n m p r or m o r po b y con cu rr n m r u w
r n m n x c p on nc rn y h no bound r o b ur f or
v n p r od of m w h b ur ry d g m u o cc ur b for f r o r h
m m d h G r y hm f u pp m n h b ur ry bo und r y n d fn
m w h v r o n of u b q u n m h y w n cu rm or h rm d ur ng
p r o d of m h o cc ur p o h u mo u y n d h b u rr y bo un d r T h
po on h v hown un n b b u no ob c o n o comb n ng
b u rr y b ou nd r y n d f n m w h p r o r m
Gr y no h o ny o r of n df n m A no h r yp y h wh w
d o nc ur mor h rm h r no c r n w r o h qu o nw h nw d o
o mo r c n p ropon n H rry S v r n B u S v r n do no
m k c on vn cn gc fo rh no n w r v r on of n d f n m
H h no r gum n g n pr or m n f c p r or m n r y c on
n w h hr of h b c ump on S v r n m k n h v rou
c r c m o f p ro po n n n d o pp on n o f Ep c u r n m
Pr or m obv ou y con n w h S v r n ump on b d
VCF h n m m y hv om v u for p r on Aon y f x
o m m f c u n o m r y po b o o b po b o b c
of A f ng po v o rn g v Of cour S v r n x pr
VCF n h r u ppor nor oppo h p o on h ny h ng c u m y
h rm u y d ow n n c r yc on d o n wh ch d h n d o h r c u
v n m nd do no m p y h h ng w m gh f b d y bou uch
d h r y r b d for u
b Pr or m o con n w h S v r n f our dm n on m
wh ch h u o x p n h ow p r on A m y k ob c of A f ng
v n h w no o ccur un A h d d n d d h v hown f our
d m n o n m m y b u d o c r fy how po h um ou o f ff r
p ro vd h ru h c on d o n f or f c h f f c ou rw b n g wh v
c F n y p ror m con n w h S v r n v w h from A
po n of v wwh d d m n o f v u r mpo b nc A do
no x o b h r c p n o f good o r v Th E v o fD h p p 95 6
T h n r y con n w h h po b y h b c u o fpo humou
v n A h r c p n of good or v wh v H vng r c d
1 On exists, see Silverstein, The Evil of Death Revisited, p 124
C 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n C 20 07 T h E d o r o f T h P h o o p h c Q u r r y
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MORTAL HARM 251
m n m d f ro m h n dp on o f h d d S v r n co nc ud
h w c nno m k n of h q u on Wh h v u f or Aof h
o f ff r n wh ch A n o on g r v ? B u S v r n c on cu o n
d o n o f o ow A u nr p on v n w h d d d o n o ru ou
m n o f A f n m d from A po n of v wwh v f g
A n ow w h o f n h p ro c o mo rr ow h m g h n ow n b y d p o r
h f cond on o morrow nc w m k mpo b for h m o
c o n n u h f fo r
Y S v r n r c pr or m A f r c m n g p 121 h VCF c om
m u o y ng h h m of A f h p c u w hr p c
o po h um ou g oo d n d v h d d h f o ow ng n f oo no fn 6
cf. fn. 13):
My n dor m n of h p c u o f h m o fA f no n nd d o mp y
h my c coun n w r o h q u on Wh n A d h n v for A? mu b
Du rn g h m o f A f w ou d pr f r o y h m y cc ou n u pp or h
f o ow n g mo r c om p c d v w
Th m wh ch h v f n m y A d h occur mm d y
fo o w ng A f
2 S nc cr b ng h v o A rqu r h f our d m n on fr m work n
m por v n h n d fn d n Th E v of D h
3. The time during which this evil can be an object of As negative feelings ... is the
m d ur ng wh ch A v
4. (I), (2), and (3) comprise the whole truth about time in this case.
For n h w yw r n v 3 h cruc d h h m of A f h p c
u w h ou b n gc om m d o h n u v y o dd v w h x c n b b d f or A
b for x f x
Sv r n no ugg h h qu on A wh m d h bd for
A ? h n o nw r y A d h b d for Anon h Bu urn
ou h h o ny d f nc f or pr f rr ng n d f n m ov r pr or m h h
r od d N od ou b p ror m w m od d Ho wv r h p p r nc
d u o h mpr on h n b ckw rd c u on Snc h
n o uc h mp c on u pp o d od dn d o n o c on u g rou nd fo r
r c n g And un k n o n w r nd f n m p ror m n b u o p n
do wn m w h n w n cu r mo r h r m 2
T rn y U n v r y T x
12 I am grateful to anonymous referees for their helpful comments on a draft. I also thank
J oh nF H Jr n d Ad m M r f or d c u o n w h d b ou h o pc
C 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n © 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o p h c Q u r r y