agric
ultu
re,
fore
stry
& fi
sher
ies
Dep
artm
ent:
Agric
ultu
re, F
ores
try a
nd F
ishe
ries
REPU
BLIC
OF
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H AF
RICA
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ther
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rmat
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319
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ail
Tha
bo.R
amas
hala
@da
ff.go
v.za
2012
(rev
ised
)
Prin
ted
and
publ
ishe
d by
Dep
artm
ent o
f Agr
icul
ture
, For
estry
and
Fis
herie
sO
btai
nabl
e fro
m
Res
ourc
e C
entre
D
irect
orat
e C
omm
unic
atio
n S
ervi
ces
P
rivat
e B
ag X
144
P
reto
ria
0001
Ros
e ge
rani
um in
cul
tivat
ion
is s
ubje
ct t
o nu
mer
ous
and
very
viru
lent
fung
al, v
iral a
nd b
acte
rial d
isea
ses,
na
mel
y bo
tryt
is g
rey
mou
ld o
r m
ildew
, le
af s
pot
and
blos
som
blig
ht,
bact
eria
l blig
ht,
alte
rnar
ia le
af s
pot,
rust
, b
lack
leg
an
d b
lack
ste
m r
ot,
ro
ot-
kno
t n
em
a-
tod
es,
so
lari
satio
n (
he
at
stre
ss),
an
d g
era
niu
m y
el-
low
ing
dise
ase.
For
the
cont
rol o
f ros
e ge
rani
um d
isea
ses:
• T
ake
cutti
ngs
only
from
hea
lthy
plan
ts w
hich
hav
e be
en k
ept d
ry.
• D
isca
rd a
ny p
lant
s w
ith v
irus-
like
sym
ptom
s su
ch
as m
osai
c, d
isto
rtio
n or
leaf
spo
ts. P
ract
ise
sani
ta-
tion
whe
n pr
opag
atin
g cu
tting
s.
• D
estr
oy in
fest
ed p
lant
s, r
otat
e pl
antin
g ar
eas
and
neve
r re
plan
t in
know
n in
fest
ed a
reas
unl
ess
clea
red
from
infe
ctio
n.
Ack
now
ledg
emen
ts
We
th
an
k th
e m
em
be
rs o
f S
AE
OP
A a
nd
KA
RW
IL
cons
ulta
ncy
for
info
rmat
ion
prov
ided
.RRo
se ge
raniu
mos
e ger
anium
Pela
rgon
ium
cv.
rosé
Fam
ily: G
eran
iace
ae
Bac
kgro
und
Ess
en
tia
l o
il cr
op
s a
re c
rop
s th
at
ha
ve v
ola
tile
, a
rom
atic
oils
in c
ert
ain
pa
rts
of
the
pla
nt.
Ess
en
tial
oils
are
na
tura
l pla
nt
pro
du
cts
wh
ich
acc
um
ula
te in
sp
ecia
lised
str
uctu
res
such
as
oil c
ells
, gl
andu
lar
tri-
chom
es, a
nd o
il or
res
in v
esse
ls. T
he o
il is
ext
ract
ed
fro
m t
he
pla
nt
thro
ug
h s
tea
m d
istil
latio
n,
che
mic
al
extr
actio
n or
CO
2 ex
trac
tion.
Pel
argo
nium
cv.
ros
é is
a s
hrub
by p
eren
nial
gro
win
g to
a h
eigh
t of 1
m if
left
unpr
uned
.
Orig
in a
nd d
istr
ibut
ion
Pel
argo
nium
cv.
rosé
is e
ndem
ic to
the
Wes
tern
Cap
e.
It is
a h
ybrid
spe
cies
that
was
dev
elop
ed fr
om c
ross
ing
P. c
apita
tum
and
P. r
aden
s. R
ose
gera
nium
is m
ainl
y gr
own
in th
e Lo
wve
ld o
f Mpu
mal
anga
, Kw
aZul
u-N
atal
, W
este
rn C
ape
and
Lim
popo
pro
v inc
es.
Clim
atic
and
soi
l req
uire
men
ts
Ros
e ge
rani
um r
equi
res
wel
l- d
rain
ed s
oil w
ith a
pH
ra
ng
e o
f 5
,0 t
o 8
,5.
It g
row
s w
ell
un
de
r fr
ost
-fre
e co
nditi
ons
at a
tem
pera
ture
ran
ge o
f 10
to 3
3° C
. The
su
itabl
e ra
infa
ll fo
r dr
ylan
d cu
ltiva
tion
shou
ld r
ange
be
twee
n 70
0 an
d 1
500
mm
per
yea
r, u
nifo
rmly
dis
-tr
ibut
ed th
roug
hout
the
seas
on.
Use
s
Ro
se g
era
niu
m o
il a
ssis
ts i
n b
ala
nci
ng
th
e s
ecr
e-
tion
of
seb
um
an
d c
lea
rin
g s
lug
gis
h a
nd
oily
ski
ns.
T
radi
tiona
lly g
eran
ium
was
use
d to
sto
p bl
eedi
ng, e
ar
ache
, hea
l wou
nds,
ulc
ers
and
skin
dis
orde
rs, a
s w
ell
as to
trea
t dia
rrho
ea, d
ysen
tery
and
col
ic.
Th
ere
is a
fre
sh p
rod
uce
ma
rke
t o
n a
lim
ited
sca
le
with
in t
he
cu
t flo
we
r in
du
stry
fo
r lo
ng
, fr
esh
ste
ms
used
in f
low
er a
rran
gem
ents
as
back
grou
nd f
iller
in
flow
er a
rran
gem
ents
and
pro
vidi
ng a
ros
e sc
ent.
Abo
ve:
Cut
tings
bei
ng m
ade
(Pho
togr
aph:
W.G
. Alb
erts
)
Cul
tura
l pra
ctic
es
Pla
ntin
g
In-r
ow
sp
aci
ng
of
40
cm
with
a r
ow
wid
th o
f 5
0 c
m
that
will
giv
e a
tota
l of 5
0 00
0 pl
ants
per
hec
tare
whe
n g
row
ing
in a
hig
h r
ain
fall
are
a o
r u
nd
er
irri
ga
tion
is
nece
ssar
y. In
are
as w
ith lo
wer
rai
nfal
l, de
nsity
can
be
20 0
00 to
30
000
plan
ts p
er h
ecta
re.
Pro
paga
tion
As
rose
ger
aniu
m is
a h
ybrid
, pro
paga
tion
is th
eref
ore
do
ne
by
cutt
ing
s fr
om
mo
the
r p
lan
t m
ate
ria
l o
r b
y m
eans
of t
issu
e cu
lture
.
Fer
tilis
atio
n
Cal
cium
and
pot
assi
um a
re im
port
ant
for
succ
essf
ul
gro
wth
. P
ho
sph
oru
s u
pta
ke is
en
ha
nce
d b
y m
yco
r-rh
iza
l fu
ng
i a
sso
cia
tio
n (
pre
sen
t in
th
e s
oil)
. H
igh
nitr
ogen
leve
ls c
an in
crea
se h
erba
ge y
ield
. How
ever
, it
may
res
ult i
n lo
wer
oil
yiel
d pe
r m
ass.
Irrig
atio
n
Ove
rhe
ad
, fl
oo
d a
nd
dri
p i
rrig
ati
on
ca
n b
e u
sed
. O
verh
ea
d ir
rig
atio
n s
ho
uld
be
use
d w
ith c
are
as
it m
ay in
duce
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f fun
gal d
isea
ses.
Wee
d co
ntro
l
Inte
r-ro
w c
ultiv
atio
n ca
n be
don
e by
a t
ract
or-d
raw
n cu
ltiv
ato
r o
r h
an
d h
oe
. M
ulc
hin
g w
ith
co
mp
ost
or
gras
s w
ill in
hibi
t wee
d gr
owth
.
Pes
t and
dis
ease
con
trol
Ros
e ge
rani
um p
lant
s ar
e at
tack
ed b
y m
any
diffe
rent
sp
ecie
s be
long
ing
mai
nly
to th
e H
emip
tera
, Col
eopt
era
and
Lepi
dopt
era.
Am
ong
the
mos
t im
port
ant p
ests
are
th
e w
hit
e g
rub
s, c
utw
orm
s, c
ock
cha
fers
, w
hit
efl
y,
aphi
ds, m
ites,
term
ites
and
whi
te p
each
sca
le.