MOTHERBOARD

BY-Shubham Dhiman

A motherboard, is also known as the primary circuit inside the computer, where the central processing unit(CPU),Memory slots, Drives are connected.

A motherboard provide electrical connection by which the other components of the system communicate. It also connects the central processing unit and hosts other system and devices.

An important component of a motherboard is the microprocessor’s supporting chipset, which provides the interface between the CPU and various buses and external components.

Introduction

Form Factors Motherboard Form Factor

Determines the size of motherboard. Drives selection of Power supply, cases , CPU, cards. ATX most popular motherboard form factor. BTX the latest motherboard form factor.

ATX Motherboard Parts

Micro ATX Motherboard Laptop computers generally use

highly integrated, miniaturized and customized motherboard. This is the reasons that laptop computers are difficult to upgrade and expensive to repair.

Often the failure of one laptop component requires the replacement of the entire motherboard, which is usually more expensive than a desktop motherboard due to the large number of integrated components.

Motherboard Components Clock Generator CPU socket Memory socket Memory error checking ROM Bios CMOS Ram Battery Chipset Expansion Slot AGP Port IDE Ports

IDE Port Continue IDE Port with Raid Serial ATA

Floppy Disk port IO connectors/USB ports Main Power Connector 1 Front Panel Connecting Pin

CPU Components

Chip Set Chipset is set of IC.

The combination of North and south bridge in a computer called the chipset.

Internal structure of north and south bridge

Memory Socket( DIMM socket) There are 3 types of memory that currently popular used

in the PC, RD RAM DDR RAM SD RAM

DIMM Socket

Types of Memory RDRAM Memory

-Used in Pentium 4 motherboard

- 2 Notches

-highest performance and is most expensive. DDR ram

-128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB.

-medium high performance and medium price. SDRAM

-lowest performance and lowest price.

CPU Socket A CPU socket or slot is an electrical

component that attaches to a printed

circuit board (PCB) and is designed

to house a CPU (also called a

microprocessor). It is a special type of integrated circuit

socket designed for very high pin counts. CPU sockets on the motherboard can

most often be found in most desktop

and server computers (laptops typically

use surface mount CPUs), particularly

those based on the Intelx86 architecture.

The CPU and RAM Communication

RAM DATA

Central Processing Unit

Processed Data

The RAMcontains dataand programs.

The CPUprocesses data.

The data bus transports theprocessed data to the RAM soit can be stored, displayed, or

output.

ROM Bios Read-Only Memory can

be read but not changed.

It is non-volatile storage:

it remembers its contents

even when the power is turned off. ROM chips are used to store the

instructions a computer needs during

start-up, called firmware.

Some kinds of ROM are PROM, EPROM,

EEPROM, and CD-ROM.

CMOS Battery

This is a 3 volt battery, this battery

supplies the power to CMOS

ram for CMOS ram to retain the

information during system powered

off, the battery may be last for 5 or 6 years.

Expansion Slot (PCI type) Expansion slot or Expansion bus is the slot that enable the user to add

the adapter card for additional function to the system.

Ex-

-Sound card or Multimedia

- LAN card.

-SCSI controller card.

- Internal Modem card.

-TV tuner card.

-Additional hard disc controller card.

AGP Port AGP ( Accelerated Graphic Port ) port is

a high speed data transfer port, this port is

used by the display adapter card that

demands so much data with in short period

of time.

Back Panel

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