04/09/2023

presented byP.CHAITANYA09131A1275

IT

MOTION SENSING TECHNOLOGY

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Overview

o What is a sensor?

o Motion sensor

o Types of motion sensors

o Motion Detection

o Types of Motion Sensing

o Dual sense technology

o Motion Sensor in mobile

o Motion sensor in Games

o Conclusion

o References

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Sensor

o A sensor is a device which receives and responds to a signal.

o A sensor (also called detector) is a converter that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal which can be read by an observer or by an (today mostly electronic) instrument.

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Specifications of Sensor

Accuracy: error between the result of a measurement and the true value being measured.

Resolution: the smallest increment of measure that a device can make.

Sensitivity: the ratio between the change in the output signal to a small change in input physical signal.

Repeatability/Precision: the ability of the sensor to output the same value for the same input over a number of trials.

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Types of sensors

There are many versions of each type which may use a different sensing principle or may be designed to operate within different ranges.

The sensors are used to measure and/or detect a huge variety of conditions including: temperature, pressure, level, humidity, speed, motion, distance, light or the presence/absence of an object and many other types.

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Motion sensors

The term ‘Motion sensors’ can be used to refer to any kind of sensing system which is used to detect motion; motion of any object or motion of human beings.

Motion sensor is also called as motion detector.

Motion sensors are commonly used in security systems as triggers for automatic lights or remote alarms and similar applications.

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Types of Motion sensors

The way in which a motion sensor works typically depends on the type of sensor being used, which often depends on the device that uses the sensor.

There are two basic types of motion sensors:

Active Sensors

Passive Sensors

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Active sensors

Active sensors emit a signal, typically an burst of (light, microwaves or sound) waves which is reflected by the surroundings.

The reflected signal is received by the sensor and takes necessary action.

When something moves within the area of an active motion sensor, the change in signal that is reflected to the sensor activates the system.

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The active sensor is one of the most common and reliable sensors used in a security system.

For example, when an automatic faucet senses

hands underneath it, a device is signaled to run

water in the sink.

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Passive sensor Passive sensors are a type of motion

sensor that do not emit a signal, but instead detect infrared radiation around the sensor.

As this sensor detects temperature differences, it is well suited to detecting the motion of people by their body temperature.

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Use as a human detection sensor to automaticallyturn lights on when a person is present in a roomand to turn them off when nobody is there.

When a person or animal moves through the area, heat from the movement is detected by the sensor, which then activates the system to which it is connected

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Motion sensing is used in number of applications

•           Automated lighting system

•           Security systems

•           Smart Floodlights

•           Burglar Alarm

•   Radar Guns

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Advantages of Motion sensor

Saves time

Security

Easy to install

Saves energy

Powerful transmission

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Motion detection

Motion detection is the process of detecting a change in position of an object relative to its surroundings or the change in the surroundings relative to an object.

Motion can be detected by:

Infrared (Passive and active sensors)

Optics (video and camera systems)

Radio Frequency Energy (radar, microwave motion detection)

Sound (microphones and acoustic sensors)

Vibration (seismic sensors)

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TYPES OF MOTION SENSING

Local Motion Sensing

Ultrasonic Motion Sensing

Microwave Motion Sensing

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Local motion sensing

Infrared light is a spectrum of non-visible — for humans at least — light that is emitted by objects when they produce heat.

Infrared motion sensor systems are one of the cheapest and most reliable systems available.

An infrared motion detector uses infrared sensing to detect motion in a given area.

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The use of infrared technology usually allows such a detector to only pick up on heat.

Infrared sensors are characterized by high sensitivity, low cost and are widely used.

An infrared motion detector can also be set to only pick up on certain levels of heat, making it possible to ignore small animals.

This type of detector is often used as part of a larger security system.

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Ultrasonic motion sensing

Ultrasonic motion detectors use sound waves to detect motion. If movement is detected, the sound wave pattern is disrupted and alarm is signaled.

It senses motion by

analyzing sound waves

in its environment.

These frequencies are generally inaudible to humans and most animals and do not pass through most objects.

.

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Active motion sensors generate sound waves in the ultrasonic frequency range, typically around 30 to 50 kilohertz (kHz).

When no objects are moving in the area, the pattern of sound and the time it takes to bounce back remain the same.

If something moves, the detector senses that the level or phase of the returning sound waves has shifted slightly.

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Microwave motion sensing

Microwave motion sensor systems send out microwaves

that bounce off an object and back to the sensor.

The sensor then reads

the frequency of the

returning waves.

If an object is moving, the sensor receives different microwaves than the ones it sent out, signifying movement and setting off the alarm.

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These types of motion sensor systems cover a larger area than infrared sensors, they are capable of penetrating walls.

They are more reliable over longer distances.

Their radiation is unhealthy for living organisms.

Despite this, they are the least popular motion sensor system on the market because of their their cost.

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Dual sense technology

Dual technology systems use a combination of infrared and microwave motion sensor systems to provide the most complete coverage available.

Using both forms of technology allows dual motion sensor systems to reduce the occurrence of false alarms by combining the microwave technology’s coverage range and the infrared technology’s use of heat sensing.

The dual technology system is rapidly gaining popularity among homeowners and businesses alike.

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CELL PHONES WITH MOTION SENSORS

The motion sensor used in

mobile phones is accelerometer

which is a complex motion sensor.

It translates motion into action on the screen.

Accelerometers are used in tablet computers and digital cameras so that images on screens are always displayed upright.

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Motion sensing in Games

Motion sensing technology

is an emerging technology

in Gaming.

Our focus technology will be Microsoft’s Xbox360 Kinect peripheral, which is the first demonstrator of touch free motion sensing.

The primary innovation of Kinect (and the most secretive) is the device that enables advanced posture, gesture, facial, and voice recognition.

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The Kinect is composed of three major hardware components:  

Webcam An Infrared projector and sensor Microphone

Kinect 25

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Challenges faced

Limited Camera And Sensor Capability

Better Audio Sensing Capability

Limited Body Recognition

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Conclusion

Motion sensing, though important in gaming, will

ultimately make its biggest impact in non-gaming applications

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References

http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/sensors/sensors_motion.html

www.wikianswers.com/sensing

www.wikipedia/motionsensing

www.wisegeeks.com

www.howstufffworks.com

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Thank you

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