Date post: | 28-Nov-2014 |
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Disposi'on
• Par'cipatory Culture • Mo'va'onsteori – Ryan & Deci • Mo'va'on i8. brugerak'vitet på ne>et – Uses & Gra'fica'ons – Organiza'onal Comitment
• Strategiske perspek'ver • Peer-‐feedback på tekster • Researcharbejde med blogindlæg
Grundlæggende spørgsmål
• Hvad mo'verer individer 'l at skabe online indhold?
• Hvilke poten'aler skal tjenesterne have for at lukrere på brugerinvolvering?
• Hvordan kan man undersøge de>e i en eksamensopgave?
Par'cipatory culture Deltagelse via: • Affilia'ons — memberships, formal and informal • Expressions — producing new crea've forms • Collabora've Problem-‐solving — working together in teams, formal and informal, to complete tasks and develop new knowledge
• Circula'ons — Shaping the flow of media
-‐ Jenkins et al 2006
Par'cipatory culture 1. Rela'vely low barriers to ar's'c expression and civic
engagement 2. Strong support for crea'ng and sharing one’s crea'ons
with others 3. Some type of informal mentorship whereby what is
known by the most experienced is passed along to novices
4. Where members believe that their contribu'ons ma>er 5. Where members feel some degree of social connec'on
with one another. -‐ Jenkins et al 2006
Par'cipatory culture
“We are moving away from a world in which some produce and many consume media toward one in which everyone has a more ac(ve stake in the culture that is produced.”
-‐ Jenkins et al 2006
Par'cipatory culture
To former for deltagelse:
• Explicit Par'cipa'on (ak'vt, Jenkins)
• Implicit Par'cipa'on (passivt, registrende brug af Web 2.0)
-‐ Schäfer, 2011
Lurkers vs. registrerede brugere
Lurkers – non-‐public users – anonymous users (gejng info, entertainment)
Vs.
Registered users – contributors (provide info, status, social interac'on)
“Once the user feels confident and comfortable as part of the community, she might stop lurking and become an ac've par'cipant of the community.”
Lampe et. al 2010
“The most common role in most, if not all, online communi3es is that of “lurker,” the person who reads but never posts.” (Baym 2010)
Lurkers vs. registrerede brugere
• Par'cipa'on Inequality • ”Power law”
-‐ Jakob Nielsen, 2006 h>p://www.nngroup.com/ar'cles/par'cipa'on-‐inequality/
Maslows behovspyramide
Mo'va'on • To be mo'vated means to be
moved to do something. • People have not only different
amounts, but also different kinds of mo'va'on.
• Orienta'on of mo'va'on concerns the underlying ajtudes and goals that give rise to ac'on—that is, it concerns the why of ac'ons.
(Ryan & Deci, 2000: 54)
Mo'va'onsteori
• Intrinsic mo3va3on: at gøre noget fordi det er interessant eller fordi det medfører nydelse. Ledt af noget inde i individet
• Extrinsic mo3va3on: at gøre noget fordi det fører belønninger med sig. Ledt af noget uden for individet
Mo'va'onsteori
Intrinsic mo'va'on: -‐ Indefrakommende psykologiske behov fx.: -‐ Feelings of competence -‐ Sense of autonomy -‐ Internal locus of causality
Ryan & Deci-‐modellen
Mo'va'onsteori
Hvordan faciliterer man integrated extrinsic mo'va'on?: • Relatedness – sense of belonging and connectedness
• Competence – supports for competence (op'mal challenges, feedback)
• Autonomy – less control in contexts
Mo'va'onsteori
2 perspek(ver: • Uses & Gra'fica'on – kogni'vt, individuelt perspek'v, opfyldelse af behov
• Organiza'onal commitment – social iden'tet, 'lhørsforhold, sociale rela'oner
-‐Lampe et al 2010
Mo'va'onsteori
”Finally, in our findings perceived ability to use the site features, which can be roughly mapped to usability, had li?le role in explaining inten(ons to par(cipate. This could mean that designers need to focus not just on usable technical tools, but on social and technical systems that support social and personal gra'fica'on mo'ves.”
-‐Lampe et al 2010
Uses & Gra'fica'on Tre mo(ver (l at bruge Wikipedia: • 1.) Gejng informa'on • 2.) Sharing Informa'on • 3.) Entertainment
-‐ Rafaeli et al 2009
Mo(ver (l at bidrage (l online communi(es: • Purposive value (get info/provide info) • Self Discovery • Maintaining interpersonal connec'vity • Social enhancement • Entertainment
-‐ Dholokia et al. 2004
Organiza'onal Commitment Social iden(ty-‐teori • Affinity • Sense of belonging • Social loafing
“Par'cipants begin to regard other par'cipants as parts to an ethical order, a ‘community’, and they begin to care about their standing, reputa'on or ‘cred’ in the face of others”
Arvidsson 2006, p. 106
Affinity Spaces
"An affinity space is a place or set of places where people affiliate with others based primarily on shared ac'vi'es, interests, and goals, not shared race, class culture, ethnicity, or gender”
Gee 2004, p. 67
• Interessebåret • På tværs af evner, alder, køn mv. • Deltagerniveauer: Eksperter, øvede, novicer • Eksper'se: Beta-‐reading/editorial feedback • Anonymitet?
”Par'cipants in the beta-‐reading process learn both by receiving feedback on their own work and by giving feedback to others, crea'ng an ideal peer-‐to-‐peer learning community.”
“Asking why people learn more, par'cipate more ac'vely, engage more deeply with popular culture than they do with the contents of their textbooks.” -‐Jenkins et al 2006
Mo'va'on for at blogge
• Documen'ng one’s life • Providing commentary and opinions • Expressing deeply felt emo'ons • Ar'cula'ng ideas through wri'ng • Forming and maintaining community forums
-‐ Nardi et al, 2004
Strategiske perspek(ver • Producere brugerudviklede innova'oner 'l kommercielt
salg/'lbyde at frems'lle specialprodukter 'l specifikke brugere.
• Sælge ”Tool Kits” eller 'lbyde plavorme, der faciliterer og/eller le>er brugerens innova'onsrelaterede adfærd/behov for produkter, der udfylder specifikke behov.
• Sælge produkter, der komplementerer brugerudviklede innova'oner.
Strategiske perspek(ver
Axel Bruns’ crowdsourcing-‐modeller (inspireret af JC Herz’ begreb ”harnessing the hive”): • ‘Strukturere’ (Harnessing the hive) • ‘Høste’ (Harves'ng the hive) • ‘S'lle rum 'l rådighed for’ (Harbouring the hive)
• ‘Overtage’ (Hijacking the hive)
• Hvilke mo'va'oner er der for brugerne i disse to eksempler?
• Kan vi karakterisere det som produsage?
• Hvilke af Bruns Hive-‐modeller har relevans for disse eks.?
Hvordan undersøger vi mo'va'on i brugerinvolvering?
Peer-‐feedback
• Sæt jer ind i spillereglerne for feedbackspillet
• Gennemfør feedbackspillet med de tekster, som I har ha8 med 'l i dag
• Fokuser på at give konstruk'v kri'k
Research
-‐ Forbered 30 min. oplæg 'l næste gang
-‐ Udvælg de to tekster, som vi andre også skal læse
-‐ Forbered en ak'vitet for resten af holdet
-‐ Lav et introducerende blogindlæg om emnet, hvor der indgår referencer (inden mandag)
Næste gang
• 2 tekster • Respondenter på oplægget • Ca. 30 min. Oplæg • Inkl. ak'vitet hvor vi bliver ak'verede!
Gruppearbejde
-‐ Vælg en medieform indenfor fagets genstandsfelt (fx blogs, Internet fora, LBS, SNS)
-‐ Hvilke mo'va'onsformer for brugerak'vitet findes i medieformerne?
-‐ Hvad kan bidrage 'l at øge ak'viteten?
-‐ Skriv blogindlæg