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MOTOR LEARNING THEORIES
3.3 The Event
FITTS & POSNER (1967) STAGES OF LEARNING
There are three main stages we go through as we learn a complex skillCognitive – finding outAssociative - practicingAutonomous - automatic
COGNITIVE During this phase the learner finds out what to do
Identify subroutines Learn sequence Phase is characterised by lots of errors
A lot of specific feedback is required
ASSOCIATIVE This is the practise phase after having received and understood
information about performing skill Amount of practise will depend on complexity of skill, ability, past
experience and motivation As you refine skills you make fewer and fewer errors Some performers struggle and remain within this stage for years
and may never reach autonomous phase
AUTONOMOUS This is the automatic phase where skill
becomes easy to accomplish Skill is now organised so movement can
be performed without thinking about individual elements
Skill can now just be part of overall game or can become a subroutine for even more complex skill
SCHMIDT – SCHEMA THEORY
Recall Schema
Initial Condition
Skill Aims
Responses
Information regarding how the player is feeling, and the environment they are working in, eg -
Information regarding the objective of the action
In order to achieve the goal/objective, information is required regarding …….
Training ApplicationGo back through your training sessions and:
1.Identify the stage of learning you were at.
2.Explain how and why this affected the planning of your session
3.Explain how and why this affected your training while your were actually in the pool.