Mould Assessment Queen Elizabeth II Public School Petrolia...

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Mould Assessment

Queen Elizabeth II Public School Petrolia, Ontario

Presented to:

Lambton Kent District School Board

ECOH Management Inc.

ECOH Project No.: 12040

February 22, 2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 1

2 SCOPE OF WORK ........................................................................................................................... 1

3 STAKEHOLDERS ............................................................................................................................ 1

4 BUILDING DETAILS AND HISTORY.......................................................................................... 2

5 STAFF CONCERNS ......................................................................................................................... 2

6 MOULD.............................................................................................................................................. 3

7 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY................................................................................................. 4 7.1 MOISTURE MEASUREMENTS.........................................................................................................................4 7.2 BULK SAMPLING FOR MOULD (TAPE-LIFT SAMPLING).................................................................................4 7.3 SPORE-TRAP AIR SAMPLING FOR MOULD .....................................................................................................4 7.4 ANALYSES ....................................................................................................................................................5

8 TOTAL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (TVOC)........................................................... 5

9 CARBON DIOXIDE.......................................................................................................................... 6

10 FINDINGS ...................................................................................................................................... 6

11 SAMPLING RESULTS............................................................................................................... 12

12 REVIEW OF MSDS FOR FLOOR CLEANING PRODUCTS............................................... 13

13 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................... 13

14 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................. 14

15 STATEMENT OF LIMITATIONS............................................................................................ 16

APPENDIX A LABORATORY ANALYTICAL REPORTS APPENDIX B PHOTOGRAPHS

MOULD ASSESSMENT LAMBTON KENT DISTRICT SCHOOL BOARD QUEEN ELIZABETH II PUBLIC SCHOOL, PETROLIA, ONTARIO ECOH PROJECT NO.: 12040 FEBRUARY 2008

ECOH MANAGEMENT INC. PAGE 1

1 INTRODUCTION

ECOH Management Inc. (ECOH) was retained by Lambton Kent District School Board (The Board) to:

1. Conduct an independent and impartial assessment of the current concerns in relation to the potential presence of toxic mould or other toxic substances at Queen Elizabeth II Public School in Petrolia, Ontario;

2. Provide a written report setting out its findings with respect to the presence of toxic mould and/or other toxic substances; and

3. What remediation if any, is recommended. The following report includes a description of the assessment methodologies, discussion and conclusions of the investigation findings, sampling results, and recommendations regarding further actions required. Dr. Om Malik, Mr. Rob Fernandes, and Mr. Nax Nagalingam of ECOH conducted the fieldwork on October 4 and 5, 2007. Ms Laurel Liddicoat-Newton (ETFO Steward/Health and Safety Rep) accompanied the investigation team. Mr. Amir Farid collected the air samples for mould on October 16, 2007. Based on observations from the inspections conducted on October 4th and 5th, Rob Fernandes, with assistance from CIS, returned on December 10, 2007 to conduct further intrusive investigations within the school.

2 SCOPE OF WORK

The following scope of work and investigation strategy was followed: • Meeting with the stake-holders • Review of building and occupant history • Interviews with the affected staff • Visual and intrusive inspection of readily-accessible surfaces in the facility • Collection of air and bulk samples for mould • Testing for total volatile organic compounds • Testing for carbon dioxide in photocopy room • Review of MSDS for floor cleaning products • Preparation of a detailed report

3 STAKEHOLDERS

The opening meeting was held with the various stakeholders at the school on October 4, 2007. The following were present at the meeting:

Mr. Todd Hayward (The School Principal) Mr. Maurice McAuslan (The Custodian) Ms. Laurel Liddicoat-Newton (ETFO H&S Representative) Ms. Joyce Vlchk (ETFO Site Rep) Ms. Cheryl Webster (LKDSB Wellness Officer)



4 BUILDING DETAILS AND HISTORY

The school is a one-story steel-framed structure with masonry and aluminum veneer and predominately masonry interior walls covered in plaster. The school has gone through several additions since the first building that was erected in 1952. Significant additions include the west wing of the school (portion distinguished by metal pan/concrete roof deck) and the portapac structure previously attached at west end of building. The dropped ceiling (ceiling tiles) within the building was reportedly replaced in 2001 when the heating system of the school was converted to individual ventilator units. Some of the other notable changes include venting from the bathrooms that has been redirected, some of the windows along the east elevation have been bricked in. The roof of the building was replaced in 2007 with the exception of the southwest corner.

Various stakeholders described a history of frequent roof leaks, backed-up roof drains, and a burst main water supply pipe resulting in some flooding which were all subsequently repaired. There have also been reports of areas of damaged/suspect wall plaster which are periodically patched. There has been a history of complaints (i.e. suspicion of mould) within Classroom 16 and several intrusive investigations have recently been conducted (i.e. removal of blackboard) but no significant mould growth has been identified to date. Apparently classroom 14 suffered water leaks below the window sills such that at one time “it flooded the books”. Other staff have complained of musty odours originating from closets or rear cabinets of classrooms. The portapac structure previously attached to the school apparently had a history of leaks and mould concerns. Some of the furniture and contents of the portapac were reportedly cleaned and transferred to the main building.

5 STAFF CONCERNS

Most of the staff concerns reported by the teachers were based on their time spent in the portables which are no longer on the school premises. These concerns included a teacher who apparently development asthma within while teaching at this school; rashes and eye infections. Some teachers also reported such symptoms when exposed to some furniture that was moved from the portables. They also stated that after they complained, the furniture was washed and thoroughly cleaned.

One of the teachers claimed that she became seriously ill while teaching in the portables and continued to have symptoms after she moved into another classroom within the school. This teacher also stated that apparently another teacher who is no longer at the school also taught in the portables had similar symptoms. This teacher further stated that the board ripped the whole classroom apart, the carpet was taken out, and the baseboards were taken out washed and repainted but her symptoms continued.

One of the teachers complained about the relatively cool temperature settings in the classrooms. The teacher asserted that the room temperature never exceeds 660F. Apparently the ventilation unit starts out cold around noon and stays that way all afternoon.



Other concerns expressed by staff include inadequate ventilation or “stale air” in the photocopy room, suspected presence of mould under the stage in the gym, suspect staining within a drawer in Classroom 4, and odour complaints and headaches reportedly associated with some of the cleaning products used on the floors of the school.

6 MOULD

Moulds are forms of fungi found year round outdoors. Outdoors, moulds live in the soil, on plants, and on dead or decaying matter. Mould growth is encouraged by warm and humid conditions, although it can also grow during cold weather. Most fungi, including moulds, produce microscopic cells called “spores” that spread easily through the air. Live spores act like seeds, forming new mould growths (colonies) under the right conditions. Mould requires moisture to grow and therefore incidents of water damage, high humidity, or dampness can promote mould to grow indoors. Common sources of indoor moisture that cause mould growth include flooding, roof and plumbing leaks, damp basements or crawl spaces, or any moisture condensation on cold surfaces. (1)

There are thousands of species of mould and they can be any colour. To be certain that a visible growth is in fact mould and to identify different species, a trained mycologist has to examine a sample under the microscope. In many instances, mould can be detected by human olfactory senses and is often described as a musty odour.

Most people have no reaction when exposed to moulds. Some individuals can have allergic reactions, similar to common pollen or animal allergies. Irritation is the most common health effects for individuals sensitive to moulds. In addition, moulds may also aggravate asthma.

Guidance in interpreting the findings of mould investigations is provided by a number of documents published by various jurisdictions and organizations, including Health Canada, Ontario Ministry of Health, the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), the Canadian Construction Association (CCA) and others. A general consensus opinion exists regarding the need to remediate mould growth and conditions conducive to mould growth. The Health Canada Guide (2) (1995 version) states that:

“identifiable promoters of fungal growth require correction, and any visible fungi require removal”.

There are several documents, which provide guidelines for the remediation of mould, commonly referred to as the ‘Mould remediation Protocols’. Some of the important ones are: The Health Canada Guides, the New York City department of Health Guidelines, The Mould guidelines published by the Environmental Abatement Council of Ontario (EACO),

(1) The Facts About Mold. The American Industrial Hygiene Association. Posted on

the AIHA web site (www.aiha.org). 2005. (2) Fungal Contamination in Public Buildings: A Guide to Recognition and

Management. Federal-Provincial Committee on Environmental and Occupational Health. June 1995.



Mould guidelines recommended by Canadian Construction Association (CCA). The guiding principles in all the protocols and guidelines outlines that no procedure contributes to further fungal contamination minimizing health risks to building occupants and remediation workers. The stringency of controls is grouped into different ‘Levels’ based on the extent of mould infestation and other relevant factors.

7 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

The assessment was conducted in accordance with standard industry practice as set out in the CCA “Mould Guidelines for the Canadian Construction Industry” for a visual assessment and those in the IICRC standard S520 and the EACO guideline (2004). Although there are no regulatory requirements or guidelines in Ontario for such an assessment, the strategy recommended in the CCA has been accepted as the industry standard by most experts, consultants, and the Ontario Ministry of Labour. The investigation performed was generally non-intrusive in nature (i.e. did not include demolition of building systems to verify concealed conditions except for several test cuts into walls and ceilings).

The investigation included a visual inspection, tape-lift sampling of suspect mould growth, air sampling for viable and non-viable mould, and dust sampling for viable mould. The visual assessment in large part consists of visually identifiable mould growth and sources of moisture infiltration that would normally promote mould growth on cellulose containing building materials.

7.1 Moisture Measurements

As mould requires moisture and a food source (i.e. drywall, wood, etc.) to grow, moisture measurements were obtained to determine areas of potential mould growth. Moisture measurements were made using a ‘Protimeter Surveymaster’ electronic moisture meter (scanning and penetrating type) at several suspect locations or areas of concern. Elevated moisture measurements are those exceeding a reading of 170 on a relative scale or exceeding 15% moisture content for wood commonly referred to as the ‘wood moisture equivalent’.

7.2 Bulk Sampling for Mould (Tape-Lift Sampling)

Six (6) tape-lift samples were taken for the identification of mould from representative stained/discoloured sections of suspect materials in the subject building. Each tape-lift sample was taken by pressing a piece of clean and transparent adhesive tape onto the suspected area and removing a part of the suspect material. The tape was then placed/sealed in a labelled clean plastic sampling bag and sent to an accredited laboratory for analysis by microscopic examination.

7.3 Spore-trap Air Sampling for Mould

A total of ten (10) air samples (spore-trap) were collected using a high flow BIO-PUMP ® with Air-O-Cell® sampling cassettes. This method allows the collection of a wide range of airborne aerosols including both viable and non-viable mould spores. The flow rate of the



pump was set at 15 litres per minute with a sampling time of 5 minutes for a sample volume of 75 litres. Outdoor reference samples were collected along with air samples from areas/rooms of concern within the school. After sampling, the cassettes were sent to an independent environmental microbiology laboratory, for analysis. The cassettes were analysed by microscopic examination.

7.4 Analyses

The tape-lift and air samples were analyzed by EMC Scientific Inc., an independent environmental microbiology laboratory that participates in the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) Environmental Microbiology Proficiency Analytical Testing (EMPAT) program (identification #174080) and is staffed with experienced and trained mycologists.

8 TOTAL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (TVOC)

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) comprise a large group of compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen and have boiling points ranging from 50 to 260 °C. Sources of VOCs are found indoors and outdoors. Some indoor sources include: adhesives, carpeting, upholstery, paints, cleaning agents, perfumes, air fresheners, fabric softeners, photocopy chemicals, cigarette smoke, etc.

Symptoms that are associated with TVOC exposure are dependent on the concentration present. Symptoms reported in publications include mucous membrane irritation, headache, dizziness, joint pain, blurred vision, and skin and eye irritation.

TVOC measurements are compared to a tentative dose response relation for discomfort resulting from exposure to VOC proposed by Dr. Lars Molhave. When the TVOC concentration is less that 0.2 mg/m3 no irritation or discomfort is observed. When levels are between 0.2 and 3.0 mg/m3 irritation and discomfort may appear. Above 3.0 mg/m3 complaints of discomfort and complaints about headaches are possible and when levels are above 25 mg/m3 additional neurotoxic effects other than headache may occur.

Currently, there are no regulated indoor air quality guidelines for VOCs in office settings. However, several guidelines that can be reasonably referenced for comparison purposes include the Health Canada document “Indoor Air Quality in Office Buildings: A Technical Guide (1995)”. The Health Canada document mentions that a target value of 1 mg/m3 for Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) is under discussion.

TVOCs were sampled in Classroom 16 due to concerns expressed over the presence of roofing tar on the surfaces of the walls above the ceiling. ECOH monitored TVOCs using a PPB RAE. The PPB RAE is a hand-held photoionization detector (PID) that measures real-time concentrations of airborne gases and vapours and automatically displays and records these concentrations. The instrument was calibrated prior to use.



9 CARBON DIOXIDE

CO2 is a colourless, odourless gas that is a constituent of outdoor air and a major part of human exhaled air. Outdoor air generally contains 300-400 ppm of CO2 and human exhaled air contains over 30,000 ppm of CO2. As the primary source of CO2 indoors is human breathing it can be used as a surrogate measurement for other contaminants, viruses, bacteria etc. that are exhaled by humans and can be used as an indicator of “freshness.”

Currently there is no legislation in Canada on indoor CO2 levels; however, The Ministry of Labour has observed that when CO2 levels are at or below 600 ppm, there are no complaints. As the levels of CO2 increase between 600-800 ppm, occasional complaints are noted. Complaints increase when the CO2 levels reach between 800-1000 ppm, with frequent complaints when the levels increase above 1000 ppm. Therefore, the Ministry of Labour guidelines recommend that CO2 levels in indoor air be maintained below 1000 ppm. The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) recommend similar levels, however they also allow for the maximum CO2 levels indoors to be the outdoor level (ppm) plus approximately 700 ppm. In addition, ASHRAE recommends a minimum ventilation rate of 15 cubic feet per minute of outdoor air per person to maintain CO2 levels below the Ministry of Labour guideline of 1000 ppm. Complaints associated with increasing CO2 levels, usually include: fatigue, headache, and dryness of mucous membranes. At the ASHRAE standard of 1000 ppm (or outdoor + 700 ppm) almost 80% of the occupants are expected to be satisfied. Similarly, MOL experience also suggests that the frequency of complaints begins to increase when the indoor CO2 levels exceed 800 ppm. It is therefore recommended that measures should be taken to reduce the indoor CO2 levels below 800 ppm.

Testing for CO2 and temperature was carried out using a YES-206 Falcon indoor air quality monitor. The YES-206 Falcon is a hand-held direct reading instrument that provides simultaneous real-time measurements of CO2 and temperature. The YES-206 Falcon utilizes a dual beam NDIR (non-dispersive infrared) sensor to measure CO2 concentrations. The instrument was calibrated prior to use.

10 FINDINGS

A visual inspection of the entire school was carried out with a view to identify:

1. Any visible mould (interior inspection),

2. Conditions that may suggest possible source of moisture infiltration (exterior inspection) and

3. Other significant observations that may have an adverse impact on the indoor air quality.



1. Interior Inspection:

• Each classroom has a ventilator unit located along the exterior wall. Each ventilator draws and filters outdoor air into the room through a louver installed in the exterior wall of the room.

• Evidence of roof and/or mechanical leaks were noted throughout the building in the form of staining on ceiling tiles, plaster ceiling, underside of the roof deck, and staining running down interior walls including the gym, equipment storage room of gym, storage room located between Classrooms 13 and 14, Classroom 16 (above rear bulkhead), Classroom 3, Classroom 15, Classroom 11, and the corridor (staining on insulated pipes within ceiling space). However, inspection of the top surfaces of the tiles did not identify any apparent mould growth. The affected surfaces and materials were dry at the time of the assessment suggesting that any associated moisture intrusions (i.e. leaks) is likely historical in nature. A test cut was made into the stained area of plaster ceiling in the storage room between classrooms 13 and 14 to inspect the top surface and ceiling cavity for mould growth. Test cuts were made following Level I procedures, as outlined in the CCA 2004 Mould Remediation Guidelines to ensure the premises were not contaminated during the test procedures. No mould growth was observed.

• Cracking plaster, efflorescence, and peeling paint were observed along the walls underneath the windows in several rooms throughout the building. As such observations are generally indicative of moisture intrusions. It is likely that one of the routes of moisture intrusion is through the exterior walls/windows of the school. Plaster over masonry and/or metal lathe (majority of walls) is not generally conducive to mould growth.

• Some minor mould growth may be associated with staining on wood framing of bulkheads/closets of rooms where the framing is in contact with other framing and building materials (i.e. multi-layered areas take longer to dry relative to exposed surfaces).

• Missing or inadequate caulking was also noted around the sinks in the classrooms (e.g. around edge of sink, around base of faucet, and between counters and adjoining walls). Some water staining was observed, but no apparent mould growth, was noted on the underside of several of the sinks.

• The condensate from the wall-mounted air-conditioning unit in the Principal’s Office drains, via copper piping, into the sanitary drain pipe of the sink in the adjacent washroom (i.e. condensate is prevented from potentially damaging building materials and supporting possible mould growth).

• Discoloration and staining was observed on some of the wooden furniture (cabinets) that had been relocated from the former portapac (i.e. cabinet in Classroom 11) but no apparent mould growth observed.



• Some of the classrooms are partially carpeted. Although no mould was observed growing on the carpets, they are known to be potential reservoirs for mould spores.

• Part of the building (primary wing) is equipped with in-floor heating (i.e. water pipes running through concrete slab) which has been taken out of service (pipes capped). A test cut made into a representative vertical bulkhead in the northwest corner of Classroom 15 confirmed the capped pipes of the system and did not identify any associated water damage or mould growth from the system (i.e. from leaks and/or bleeding of the system).

• Mould growth was observed along the underside of the wooden baseboard in the northwest corner of Classroom 15. It is possible that the mould observed is a result of the flood that occurred in the past (broken water supply pipe) and/or excessively damp mopping of the floors. Similar mould growth may be present underneath wooden baseboards in other areas of the building and possibly on or behind the wood board located behind the baseboards. A small puddle of fluid (rusty water) was also noted underneath the metal filing cabinet in Classroom 15 which was moved to access the baseboard.

• A test cut was made into a representative area of damaged plaster along the west (exterior) wall in Classroom 9 and did not reveal any mould growth. The damage to the plaster wall may be related to staining noted at the bottom corners of the adjacent window (i.e. leakage from window).

• Marble window ledges are present in the primary wing and wood or wood products are used for ledges in senior wing (wood/wood products more susceptible to moisture damage and mould growth).

• Majority of windows have vertical wood trim along edges of wall adjacent to windows (potential for moisture damage although trim appeared to be in good condition)

• With the exception of the library, a gap is present between shelving units and exterior walls of building. A gap or air space between shelving units and exterior walls reduces the potential for damage and/or mould growth as a result of contact with water-damaged areas of plaster along the exterior walls.

• Staining running down the east wall (starting at boarded up window above ceiling) was observed behind the wall-mounted cabinet in the storage room of the gym. It was also noted that the room is not ventilated (i.e. humidity may build up from storage of any wet/damp equipment). Minor amounts of mould growth (few square inches in area) were noted along the rear surfaces of cabinet and on underlying wall surfaces (the cabinet was removed and disposed of and the mould cleaned from the wall under Level II procedures).

• Minor amounts of mould growth (few square inches in area) were noted in the upper stained portion of the tall wooden cabinet located at north end of the stage below stained pipes/deck in gym. Masonry debris was also noted on top of the cabinet (i.e. staining/damage to cabinet may be result of masonry work performed above).



• A bulging area of plaster noted above the blackboard in Classroom 16 was test cut and no mould was observed (air space present behind plaster/metal lathe). The area of plaster above the blackboard spans the web of a structural beam (hence the air space) and the bulge may be due to the fact that the plaster is not secured to a flat surface (i.e. plaster/lathe are able to move).

• The underside of the closet in the northwest corner of Classroom 16 and the shelving along the north wall in the room was inspected for potential mould growth as a result of past flooding in this area of the school (all shelving along north wall was removed for inspection). Minor staining was noted along the bottom of the closet and shelving but no mould growth was observed.

• A test cut made into the suspect (stained/damaged) cork panel above the window in Classroom 2 identified an aluminum base and did not reveal any apparent mould growth.

• Drywall ceilings are present inside the closets of Classrooms 3 and 4. The closet of Classroom 3 had a few droplet marks at the edges of the ceiling (suggestive of past leaks from above and potential presence of mould). The drywall ceiling in the closet of Classroom 3 was removed under Level I procedures which revealed some staining on the wood framing within the ceiling space but no mould growth.

• Mouldy books were noted near a damaged area of plaster along the exterior wall (south end) in Classroom 14 (books were subsequently disposed of).

• Some stained boxes were noted in various locations throughout the school but no underlying cause was apparent (i.e. boxes may have originated from a different area of the building that may have sustained water damage)

• Staining noted on cork of upper cabinets at rear of Classroom 3. A test cut of the suspect cork did not identify any apparent mould growth.

• Rainwater leader cleanouts are located in the closets of Classrooms 2 and 4 (potential for moisture damage to surrounding materials during opening and cleaning).

• Plywood storage boxes/carts are used for the storage of gym equipment. There is a potential for musty odours and/or mould growth due to the combination of wood, wet or damp gym equipment, and lack of ventilation within the boxed/carts.

• A transition between two metal decks and a change from joist to beam supports was noted above Classroom 7 (reportedly an area of past leakage according to staff). No mould growth was noted in ceiling space.

• Evidence of past moisture infiltration (i.e. staining) was noted in the ceiling space in the centre of the D & T area of the school but no suspect mould growth was observed.

• White stains were noted along joints and underside of steel pan of the roof deck in the western half of the building. The stains observed were consistent with liquid that



penetrated the deck when concrete was poured for the roof (i.e. stains date back to time of construction and do not indicate a current moisture infiltration problem).

• Some faint mould growth, confirmed by tape lift analysis, was noted along some of the floor joists under the stage in the gym (QE II) but did not appear to be related to any water damage (i.e. mould was likely present at time of installation/construction).

• Staining noted within drawer of sink cabinet in classroom 4. Analysis of tape lift collected from drawer did not indicate any mould growth.

• Moisture measurements made at several suspect locations in the school were found to be within the expected range of moisture content of the materials being tested. This is interpreted to suggest that the observed staining and/or damage was probably due to past moisture intrusions.

2. Exterior Inspection: Evidence of damage to the exterior envelope and roof of the building (potential routes for moisture infiltration) was noted as the following:

• Missing or inadequate caulking was noted along the exterior of the building including around intake louvers of ventilators, around windows, and along damaged/missing mortar joints.

• No weep holes were observed above many of the windows of the school. Their absence creates a potential for moisture retention along the walls.

• Observed punctures, bubbling, and staining along some of the aluminum panels located above the windows (south side of building) are considered to be as a result of, or conducive to, moisture penetration.

• Damaged wood paneling and peeling paint were observed outside exterior entrance (west side) of north wing suggesting moisture damage.

• Crack noted along top mortar joint of masonry wall on south side of Classroom 16 (potential route of water infiltration).

• A small hole was noted in the facia on the south side of Classroom 16 (potential route of water infiltration).

• A small hole was noted under the upper soffit on the south side of Classroom 16 (potential route for pest entry).

• Staining running down surface of masonry wall was noted at the southeast corner of main entrance of building. The affected section of masonry wall extends out from (i.e. perpendicular) the exterior wall of the building so no associated moisture damage or mould growth is anticipated on interior building materials.

• Cuts in masonry noted above west entrance of building where portapac structure was previously connected to the building (potential route of water infiltration).

• Evidence of bricked-in or re-bricked areas was noted along the exterior of the school including the east elevation (apparently due to past window replacement), around ventilator louvers, and at the bottom of Classroom 3 (potential for moisture



infiltration at joints where new and old mortar meet). Windows of east elevation were manufactured in 1984, which suggests they are replacement windows (i.e. consistent with changes to exterior wall of building).

• Staining due to condensate was noted on wood spacers located below window air-conditioner of Staff Room (potential for mould growth).

• A depression and subsequent pooling water was noted on the roof area above Classroom 7 (potential for leakage).

• Condensate from air-conditioning unit that services the Library was observed to be draining and pooling on the roof adjacent to the air intake for the Library.

• The roof of the building appeared to be in good condition.

3. Other Significant Observations: Although the primary objective of the investigation was to identify mould, it was important to identify any other significant source(s) of allergens.

• Bird’s nests were observed inside the intake louvers (located along exterior of building) of several classroom ventilators (noted in rooms 2, 12, 13, and 14). These are significant observations because bird droppings may contain a type of fungus (mould) known as Histoplasma capsulatum that grows in soil and material contaminated with bat or bird droppings. Spores become airborne when contaminated material is disturbed. Breathing the spores causes infection resulting in a lung disease known as Histoplasmosis. Its symptoms vary greatly, but the disease primarily affects the lungs. Occasionally, other organs are also affected.

• Small amounts of rodent excrement were observed above the ceiling in the northeast corner of Classroom 16.

• Heat issues (insufficient) were reported by the teacher in Classroom 15 even when the thermostat is set to a comfortable temperature.

• A tar-like coating was noted on the masonry wall above the ceiling in the southwest corner of Classroom 16 (no associated odour was noted so tar was not likely applied recently).

• A large, apparently abandoned, hornet/wasp nest was noted above the ventilator inside Classroom 2.

• Some small amounts of roof debris (small particles of tar/asphalt) noted on surfaces of ceiling tiles in corridor.



11 SAMPLING RESULTS

Bulk samples: The results of microscopic analyses for the bulk (tape-lift) samples collected from representative stained or discoloured sections of suspect materials in various areas of the school are presented in the Laboratory Analytical Report in Appendix A. This Appendix also identifies the location of the sample, whether the sample represents a mould growth and the type of mould identified.

Analysis of the tape-lift samples collected from representative stained/discoloured sections of suspect materials in the subject building confirmed the presence of various types of mould growth on 2 out of the 6 samples. Mould growth was identified along the underside of the wooden baseboard in Classroom 15 and along some of the wood floor joists underneath the stage in the Gym. The presence of mould growth on the underside of the baseboard suggests current/past flooding and/or moisture infiltration in the area (i.e. flooding from past water supply pipe burst and/or excessively wet mopping). The mould growth underneath the stage, by contrast, did not appear to be related to any water damage (i.e. mould was likely present at time of installation/construction).

Two (2) main mould genera were identified as follows:

Chaetomium, and

Ophiostoma

Chaetomium is commonly found on deteriorating wood products, emits a musty odour and is frequently found on water-damaged drywall and other lower cost construction products. Chaetomium species are among the fungi causing infections and cutaneous (skin) lesions.

Ophiostoma is generally associated with water-damaged lumber and is not known to be particularly allergenic or pathogenic to humans.

Air Samples: A total of ten (10) air samples were collected including two outdoor reference samples. Results of analysis for the air samples are summarized in the Laboratory Analytical Report in Appendix A.

The laboratory reports show the location of each sample, the type of mould identified to the genus or species level, calculated number of spores of each mould type and the total number of mould spores per cubic meter of air.

A review of the analytical results shows that in large part the indoor fungal ecology (different mould types) is very similar to the outdoor fungal ecology. It also shows that the concentration of mould spores in the indoor air is significantly lower than that outdoors. In general, the mould identified in all areas tested was qualitatively similar to (i.e. same predominant genera and general rank order) and qualitatively lower than the mould identified in the outdoor reference sample.



A comparison of the mould spore concentration from different classrooms shows that in two classrooms (5 and 11) the concentration is somewhat higher than the other rooms sampled within the school, although both rooms were still lower than the outdoor references. Visual observations did not reveal any obvious cause for the noted difference in concentration. As the mould types in these rooms (and for that matter in all the classrooms) are similar to the ones identified in the outdoor samples, the higher concentration observed nay be simply a reflection of the presence of higher outdoor dust in these rooms. There is some merit in this idea because the mycologist who analyzed the samples found the level of background debris in these samples to be higher (3+) as compared to the other rooms (2+) as shown in Appendix A.

Whereas all the mould types identified in the samples are known allergens and have been implicated in different types of infections, they are generally all common outdoor species and the concentration of any one individual species within occupied areas of the building does not exceed the common guidelines put forward either by Health Canada or the American Industrial Hygiene Association, IICRC or the New York City Protocol. In other words, the air sampling results do not suggest the presence of mould amplification sites and/or contamination within the school.

TVOCs Sampling: The concentration of TVOCs measured in Classroom 16, including within the ceiling space close to the block walls covered in tar, was 0.0 mg/m3 and well below both the non-irritation/discomfort threshold of 0.2 mg/m3 and the Health Canada target value of 1 mg/m3. Health effects due to TVOC exposure, therefore, are unlikely.

Carbon Dioxide: The carbon dioxide measurements taken within the photocopy room were found to be the same as in the hallway (i.e. around 540 ppm) and do not suggest inadequate ventilation in the room (although it should be noted that the school was essentially vacant at the time of the testing). The photocopy room has an exhaust duct located near the door, which is not an ideal location, and is not equipped with any ventilation except passively through the doors located at either end of the room. Both of these observations may explain the complaints of stale air associated with the room when it is in use.

12 REVIEW OF MSDS FOR FLOOR CLEANING PRODUCTS

A review of the MSDSs for the cleaning products used on the floor of the school (Revive and Plaza Plus by Johnson Wax Professional) did not identify any significant hazards. Under normal use of the product, no special ventilation requirements or respiratory protection is necessary and, therefore, no health hazards/effects are anticipated for the occupants of the school. However, it is still good practice to only use the product when the school is unoccupied and the building is given as much time as possible to “air out” in order to allow the odours associated with the product to dissipate (i.e. over a weekend).

13 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

The presence of mould growth was visually observed as well as confirmed by laboratory tests. The evidence of moisture damage and mould within the building appeared to be



historical in nature. It is important, therefore, to replace any stained ceiling tiles and remove any staining from walls to confirm that there is no current moisture infiltration/leaks.

In the body of the report we have listed several possible routes of moisture infiltration. However, this does not imply that there are no other deficiencies in the building envelope that may contribute to moisture infiltration.

Based on the findings of the assessment, small amounts of mould growth/contamination is present or suspected to be present underneath the wooden baseboards of the building. Other areas with potential for mould growth include bird’s nests inside some ventilator louvers, leakage underneath sinks (water damage to counters), damaged cork panels, and materials damaged by possible roof leaks (ceiling plaster, wood framing, closets, cabinets, etc.). All affected materials should be removed and/or properly remediated (i.e. if mould growth develops).

Whether or not the reported symptoms are due to the mould observed is difficult to say because most of the mould has been remediated. It is even more difficult because the portables that most complainants talked about have been removed from the property.

In conclusion, the idea of a mould free building is not realistic because the ambient air of the building will have some quantity of mould spores originating from the outdoor environment. Rather moisture, which can support mould growth, is the major concern and should be controlled as much as possible. Any incidents of leakage, flooding, or other water infiltration and any damaged materials must be appropriately and immediately addressed to prevent potential mould growth. The findings of the visual inspection and the results of the air sampling conducted in the school did not identify any significant mould exposure hazards.

14 RECOMMENDATIONS

The general recommendations that apply to all the schools within the LKDSB and have been previously communicated but not repeated here should be adhered to. In addition, the following recommendations specific to this school are as follows: Consider removing wooden baseboards from building. Baseboards can be removed following Level I procedures.

1. Ensure that all areas where caulking is missing are properly caulked including around intake louvers of ventilators, around windows, along damaged/missing mortar joints and sinks/counters in classrooms.

2. Remove and replace suspect (i.e. perforated, corroded, bubbled, etc.) exterior aluminum panels from exterior walls of building. Careful consideration must be given to the design and installation details of the replacement panels with respect to preventing moisture infiltration into the panel and/or wall assembly.

3. Remove any stained ceiling tiles and remove staining on wall surfaces. Determine and properly repair cause(s) of staining (i.e. any new leaks).



4. Re-direct condensate from roof-top HVAC unit, that services the Library, further away from the unit (preferably to a roof drain) to prevent condensate accumulation on roof and potential for microbial growth. Similarly, re-direct condensate from window air-conditioner of Staff Room (i.e. onto ground) to prevent water damage and possible mould on wood spacers underneath the air-conditioner.

5. Remove bird’s nests observed inside the ventilator intake louvers of classrooms 2, 12, 13, and 14. The affected ventilators should be shut off prior to removal of the nests and the intake areas should be treated with an appropriate disinfectant. Although not quite as urgent, it is also recommended that all the intake louvers of the school should be modified so as to prevent the nesting of birds inside of them (i.e. replace with louvers of a different design or modify the existing louvers by installing grilles, with smaller openings, over the units).

6. No materials should be placed in contact with the exterior walls of the building (i.e. areas of damaged plaster) as the potential for mould growth, due to water damage and/or condensation due to cold wall surfaces, exists. Exercise caution when opening cleanouts of rainwater leaders to prevent water damage to surrounding materials.

7. Re-paint wood paneling outside exterior entrance (west side) of north wing to prevent moisture damage.

8. Repair crack noted along top mortar joint of masonry wall on south side of Classroom 16

9. Seal small holes noted in the facia and under the upper soffit on the south side of Classroom 16.

10. Completely fill in the cuts in the masonry noted above the west entrance of building where portapac structure was previously connected.

11. Remove rodent excrement were observed above the ceiling in the northeast corner of Classroom 16.

12. Inspect and adjust/repair ventilator in Classroom 15 as necessary to maintain a comfortable temperature during cold weather. Temperature and Relative Humidity monitoring should be carried out during winter months to ensure thermal comfort.

13. Remove hornet/wasp nest noted above the ventilator inside Classroom 2.

14. Inspect contents of any stained boxes for potential mould growth and clean or discard suspect items, as appropriate.

15. Consideration should be given to not replacing the plaster finishes and leaving masonry wall exposed to assist in the identification of areas of water infiltration along the exterior wall.



16. Inspect windows of building for potential leakage (i.e. windows in vicinity of damaged areas of plaster) and repair as necessary. Ensure that all windows are properly closed during all precipitation events.

17. As the storage room located in the gym is not equipped with ventilation, no wet or damp equipment should be stored in the room.

18. Remove and dispose of upper portion of stained storage cabinet located on stage in gym. Remove masonry debris located on top of cabinet prior to moving cabinet.

19. Relocate exhaust vent in Photocopy Room further into the room (preferably over the photocopier) and, if possible, provide active ventilation (i.e. mechanically supplied air) to the room.

20. Following Level I procedures, clean and/or apply a mould-inhibiting sealant (i.e. Concrobium) along the floor joists located underneath the stage in the gym.

15 STATEMENT OF LIMITATIONS

This report was prepared for the exclusive use of Lambton Kent District School Board and is based on site inspection and testing performed during the inspection of the Property on October 4, 5, and 16, and December 10, 2007. Only those items, which are capable of being observed and are reasonably obvious to ECOH personnel, or have been identified to ECOH by other parties, can be reported. ECOH has exercised a degree of thoroughness and competence that is consistent with the profession during the execution of the mould assessment. ECOH considers the opinions and information as they are presented in this report to be factual at the time of the investigation of the subject space.

It is important to note the investigation was completed with the utmost care and our extensive expertise in carrying out investigations. ECOH believes that the information collected during the assessment concerning the Property is reliable. No other warranties are implied or expressed. ECOH, to the best of its knowledge, believes this report to be accurate; however, ECOH cannot guarantee the completeness or accuracy of information supplied to ECOH by third parties.

ECOH is an Environmental Consulting Company; as such any results or conclusions presented in this report should not be construed as legal advice. Any use which a third party makes of this report, or any reliance on or decisions made based on it, are the responsibility of such third parties. ECOH accepts no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by a third party as a result of decisions made or actions based on this report.



We trust that this report meets with your requirements and we thank for the opportunity to be of service. Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned at (905) 795-2800 ext. 229.

ECOH Management Inc. Environmental Consulting & Occupational Health

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

Rob Fernandes Senior Project Manager

Om Malik Ph.D. P. Eng. CIH, ROH Principal

APPENDIX A LABORATORY ANALYTICAL REPORTS

Laboratory Analysis Report To:

Rob Fernandes EMC LAB REPORT NUMBER: 12666 ECOH Management Inc. Job/Project Name: 6130 Tomken Road Job/Project No: 12040 No. of Samples: 8 Mississauga, Ontario Sample Type: Tape Lift Date Received: Oct 12/07 L5T 1X7 Analysis Method(s): Direct Microscopic Examination Date Analyzed: Oct 18/07 Date Reported: Oct 18/07 Analyst: Fajun Chen, Ph.D., Principal Mycologist

Client’s Sample

ID

Lab Sample

No. Date

Sampled Description/Location Mould Identified, in Rank Order Mould Growth

12040-MLD-1 84518 Oct 3/07 Lansdowne PS (Sarnia), staining underneath sink (bottom shelf), staff room

Cladosporium (a few spores) Alternaria (a few spores) Rust (a few spores) Ascospores (a few)

None

12040-MLD-2 84519 Oct 3/07 Lansdowne PS (Sarnia), staining along underside of beam, room 8

Alternaria (a few spores) Fungal hyphal fragments (a few)

None

12040-MLD-3 84520 Oct 3/07 Lansdowne PS (Sarnia), staining on brick wall above blackboard, room 8

Fungal hyphal fragments (a few) Ascospores (a few)

None

12040-MLD-4 84521 Oct 3/07 Lansdowne PS (Sarnia), staining on roof joist above ceiling, port-a-pak corridor (P1)

Acremonium Aspergillus

Moderate

12040-MLD-5 84522 Oct 5/07 Queen Elizabeth II (Petrolia), underside of baseboard, room 15

Chaetomium Abundant

12040-MLD-6 84523 Oct 5/07 Queen Elizabeth II (Petrolia), staining along top of storage cabinet (from port-a-pak) room 11

Fungal hyphal fragments (a few)

None

12040-MLD-7 84524 Oct 5/07 Queen Elizabeth II (Petrolia), staining on cork panel above windows, room 2

Aspergillus/Penicillium (a few spores) Epicoccum (a few spores) Fungal hyphal fragments (a few)

None

12040-MLD-8 84525 Oct 5/07 Queen Elizabeth II (Petrolia), staining on cork panel of overhead storage cabinet, room 3

Cladosporium (a few spores) Alternaria (a few spores) Fungal hyphal fragments (a few)

None

EMC Scientific Inc. 5800 Ambler Drive • Suite 100 • Mississauga • Ontario • L4W 4J4 • T. 905 629 9247 • F. 905 629 2607 AIHA EMPAT Participant (Lab ID# 174080)

Page 1 of 2

2

Laboratory Analysis Report EMC LAB REPORT NUMBER: 12666 Client’s Job/Project No.: 12040 Analyst: Fajun Chen, Ph.D., Principal Mycologist


Page 2 of 2

Note: 1. Mould growth is subjectively assessed with description terms sparse, moderate and abundant. 2. The presence of spores (lacking other fungal structures associated) is assessed as following: a few spores (< 10 spores average per microscopic field at 400X), some spores (10-100 spores average per microscopic field at 400X), many spores (>100 spores average per microscopic field at 400X). 3. The presence of a few spores generally represents settled spores on the surface of the sample rather than indicating mould growth. 4. The results are only related to the samples analyzed.


Page 1 of 1

Laboratory Analysis Report To:

Rob Fernandes EMC LAB REPORT NUMBER: 13542 ECOH Management Inc. Job/Project Name: Brook Central School 6130 Tomken Road Job/Project No: 12040-QEP No. of Samples: 2 Mississauga, Ontario Sample Type: Tape Lift Date Received: Dec 12/07 L5T 1X7 Analysis Method(s): Direct Microscopic Examination Date Analyzed: Dec 18/07 Date Reported: Dec 18/07 Analyst: Sura Ali, M.Sc., Microbiologist Approved By: Fajun Chen, Ph.D., Principal Mycologist

Client’s Sample

ID

Lab Sample

No. Date

Sampled Description/Location Mould Identified, in Rank Order Mould Growth

12040-QEP-MLD-1

87950 Dec 10/07 Staining inside drawer of sink cabinet, Classroom 4

Cladosporium (a few spores) Rust (a few spores) Alternaria (a few spores) Smut-like (a few spores) Pithomyces (a few spores) Basidiospores (a few) Stemphylium (a few spores) Fungal hyphal fragments (a few)

None

12040-QEP-MLD-2

87951 Dec 10/07 Discoloration along floor joist underneath stage, gym

Ophiostoma Cladosporium (a few spores) Ascospores (a few)

Abundant

Note: 1. Mould growth is subjectively assessed with description terms sparse, moderate and abundant. 2. The presence of spores (lacking other fungal structures associated) is assessed as following: a few spores (< 10 spores average per microscopic field at 400X), some spores (10-100 spores average per microscopic field at 400X), many spores (>100 spores average per microscopic field at 400X). 3. The presence of a few spores generally represents settled spores on the surface of the sample rather than indicating mould growth. 4. The results are only related to the samples analyzed.

To:EMC LAB REPORT NUMBER:Job/Project Name:Job/Project No: No. of Samples: 17Sample Type: Air-O-Cell Date Received:

L5T 1X7 Analysis Method(s):Date Analyzed: Date Reported:Analyst: Approved By:

raw ct. % spores/m3raw ct. % spores/m3


raw ct. % spores/m3

23 3 307 50 7 667 11 6 147 4 4 53 7 6 934 1 53 4 1 53 1 1 13 29 4 387 45 6 600 26 13 347 11 10 147 4 3 5320 3 267 21 3 280 2 1 27 3 3 40 2 2 27

Cercospora

Cladosporium 490 67 6533 460 63 6133 70 35 933 28 26 373 34 30 453Colorless 123 17 1640 95 13 1267 34 17 453 29 27 387 35 30 467Curvularia 1 1 13Drechslera/Bipolaris group Epicoccum 14 2 187 22 3 293 7 4 93 8 7 107 3 3 40Fusarium 1 0 13 NigrosporaOidium

4 2 53 4 4 53 1 1 132 0 27 5 1 67 3 0 40 3 2 40 4 4 53 7 6 9317 2 227 23 3 307 39 20 520 17 16 227 22 19 293

Stemphylium 1 0 13

2 0 27 2 0 27

1 0 13 732 725 198 108 115

1. Aspergillus/Penicillium type spores may include those of Acremonium, Paecilomyces, Trichoderma and others.

4. Unidentified spores are those lacking distinguishable characteristics for correct identification. Colorless are colorless spores lacking distinguishable characteristics.5. These results are only related to the sample(s) analyzed.

0+2+

0+2+

0+2+

2,640

0+1+

3. The presence of a large amount of dust debris may obscure some spores to be counted. Spore counts from samples with 3 + non-fungal material

TOTAL SPORES/M3

Note:

9,760

2. A scale of 0 + to 3 + (indicating increasing amount) is used to rate abundance of fungal fragments and non-fungal material, with 3+ indicating the most abundance.

1,5339,667 1,440

0+1+

Smuts, Periconia , Myxomycetes

Rob FernandesECOH Management Inc.6130 Tomken RoadMississauga, Ontario

Ulocladium

Non-fungal material (0-3 +)

Unidentified sporesNumber of spores/sampleFungal fragments (0-3 +)

Stachybotrys

Torula

Rusts

Aspergillus/Penicillium type Basidiospores

Chaetomium

Ascospores

Air Volume (m3)

PithomycesPolythrincium

Landsdowne public school,

12040-AOC-09

Fungal SporesAlternaria

Client's Sample IDEMC Lab Sample No.Sampling Date

Description/Location room P40.075 0.075 0.075 0.075

west hallwayLandsdowne public school,

12040-AOC-1384781 84782

12040-AOC-12

Landsdowne public school,Oct 16/07


84780

Laboratory Analysis Report

Oct 22/07

Oct 17/07

Oct 22/07

12734

Fungal Spore Counting

12040

Oct 16/07 Oct 16/0784778

12040-AOC-1084779

Weizhong Liu, Ph.D., Mycologist

Oct 16/07 Oct 16/07

12040-AOC-11

and/or 3 + fungal material may be treated as under-counts.

outside, entrance outside, north side room 80.075


Fajun Chen, Ph.D., Principal Mycologist

EMC Scientific Inc . 5800 Ambler Drive, Suite 100, Mississauga, ON L4W 4J4 Tel 905 629 9247, Fax 905 629 2607AIHA EMPAT Participant (Lab ID# 174080)

Page 1 of 4

EMC LAB REPORT NUMBER: Client's Job/Project No.:



raw ct. % spores/m3

21 7 280 20 5 267 42 6 560 40 7 533 7 8 931 0 13 2 0 27 4 1 53 5 1 678 3 107 23 6 307 12 2 160 14 2 187 13 14 1731 0 13 6 1 80 18 2 240 14 2 187 3 3 40

Cercospora 1 0 13 1 0 13 1 0 13

Cladosporium 92 29 1227 224 55 2987 390 52 5200 360 60 4800 36 40 480Colorless 43 14 573 70 17 933 170 23 2267 135 22 1800 22 24 293Curvularia 1 0 13 Drechslera/Bipolaris group Epicoccum 26 8 347 21 5 280 47 6 627 10 2 133 3 3 40Fusarium Nigrospora 1 0 13 2 0 27 1 0 13Oidium 1 0 13 2 0 27

7 2 93 7 2 93 9 1 120

6 2 80 1 0 13 36 5 480 7 1 93 2 2 27111 35 1480 32 8 427 15 2 200 14 2 187 4 4 53

Stemphylium

1 0 13 1 0 13 1 0 13 2 0 27

317 410 751 602 90



Chaetomium

Torula

PolythrinciumRusts

0+

Smuts, Periconia , MyxomycetesStachybotrys

Ulocladium


1273412040

Analyst: Weizhong Liu, Ph.D., Mycologist

Client's Sample ID 12040-AOC-14 12040-AOC-15 12040-AOC-16 12040-AOC-17 12040-AOC-1884786 84787

Oct 16/07 Oct 16/07EMC Lab Sample No. 84783Sampling Date Oct 16/07 Oct 16/07 Oct 16/07

84784 84785

Description/Location Lansdowne public school, Lansdowne public school, Queen Elizabeth public school, Queen Elizabeth public school, Queen Elizabeth public school,

room P3 room 1 outside, south side outside, east side room 160.075 0.075


Air Volume (m3) 0.075 0.075 0.075

AscosporesAspergillus/Penicillium type Basidiospores

Pithomyces

Number of spores/sampleFungal fragments (0-3 +) 0+

Unidentified spores

0+

3. The presence of a large amount of dust debris may obscure some spores to be counted. Spore counts from samples with 3 + non-fungal material and/or 3 + fungal material may be treated as under-counts.

2+ 2+TOTAL SPORES/M3 4,227 5,467 10,013 8,027 1,200Note:


Non-fungal material (0-3 +) 3+ 2+ 2+0+ 0+


Page 2 of 4




raw ct. % spores/m3

5 8 67 14 11 187 13 14 173 3 7 40 1 1 13

6 9 80 11 9 147 8 9 107 3 14 40 6 14 801 2 13 4 4 53 1 5 13

Cercospora

Cladosporium 16 25 213 27 22 360 36 40 480 4 18 53 14 33 187Colorless 17 26 227 23 19 307 20 22 267 8 36 107 12 29 160Curvularia Drechslera/Bipolaris group Epicoccum 5 8 67 18 15 240 2 2 27 Fusarium Nigrospora 1 2 13Oidium

1 2 13 1 1 13 1 2 13

1 2 13 8 7 107 4 4 53 5 23 67 4 10 5313 20 173 20 16 267 3 3 40 1 5 13 1 2 13

Stemphylium

65 122 91 22 42



3. The presence of a large amount of dust debris may obscure some spores to be counted. Spore counts from samples with 3 + non-fungal material and/or 3 + fungal material may be treated as under-counts.

293 560Note:


TOTAL SPORES/M3 867 1,627 1,213

0+ 0+Non-fungal material (0-3 +) 2+ 2+ 2+ 1+ 1+Fungal fragments (0-3 +) 0+ 0+ 0+

Ulocladium

Unidentified sporesNumber of spores/sample

RustsSmuts, Periconia , MyxomycetesStachybotrys

Torula

Basidiospores

Chaetomium

PithomycesPolythrincium

Fungal SporesAlternariaAscosporesAspergillus/Penicillium type

room 2 room 3 room 4Air Volume (m3) 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075

Oct 16/07 Oct 16/07

Description/Location Queen Elizabeth public school, Queen Elizabeth public school, Queen Elizabeth public school, Queen Elizabeth public school, Queen Elizabeth public school,

room 15 room 14

Sampling Date Oct 16/07 Oct 16/07 Oct 16/07

12040-AOC-22 12040-AOC-23EMC Lab Sample No. 84788 84789 84790 84791 84792Client's Sample ID 12040-AOC-19 12040-AOC-20 12040-AOC-21

1273412040

Analyst: Weizhong Liu, Ph.D., Mycologist



Page 3 of 4




raw ct. % spores/m3

19 7 253 28 12 373 1 0 13 12 4 160 11 5 147 1 0 13 2 1 27

Cercospora

Cladosporium 93 33 1240 96 42 1280 Colorless 88 31 1173 80 35 1067 Curvularia Drechslera/Bipolaris group 1 0 13 Epicoccum 9 3 120 Fusarium NigrosporaOidium

3 1 40 2 1 27

35 12 467 6 3 80 20 7 267 5 2 67

Stemphylium

1 0 13

283 230



Note:

2. A scale of 0 + to 3 + (indicating increasing amount) is used to rate abundance of fungal fragments and non-fungal material, with 3+ indicating the most abundance.3. The presence of a large amount of dust debris may obscure some spores to be counted. Spore counts from samples with 3 + non-fungal material and/or 3 + fungal material may be treated as under-counts.

TOTAL SPORES/M3 3,773 3,067Non-fungal material (0-3 +) 3+ 3+

0+

Unidentified sporesNumber of spores/sampleFungal fragments (0-3 +) 0+

Stachybotrys

Torula Ulocladium

PithomycesPolythrinciumRustsSmuts, Periconia , Myxomycetes

AscosporesAspergillus/Penicillium type Basidiospores

Chaetomium


Air Volume (m3) 0.075 0.075room 5 room 11Description/Location Queen Elizabeth public school, Queen Elizabeth public school,

Sampling Date Oct 16/07 Oct 16/07EMC Lab Sample No. 84793 84794

12040Analyst: Weizhong Liu, Ph.D., Mycologist

Client's Sample ID 12040-AOC-24 12040-AOC-25


12734


Page 4 of 4

APPENDIX B PHOTOGRAPHS

Photo 1: Front of school showing masonry and aluminum panel construction

Photo 2: Crack along top masonry joint of south wall of Classroom 16 (potential

for moisture intrusion)

Photo 3: Example of bird’s nest inside intake louver of ventilator unit, absence of caulking around unit, and re-bricked area above unit (potential for mould growth

and potential route of moisture infiltration)

Photo 4: Gaps in masonry joints of bricked-in area at base of wall outside of

Classroom 3 (potential route of moisture infiltration)

Photo 5: Example of gap along underside of window (potential for water

infiltration)

Photo 6: Example of deteriorated mortar joint/gap of window ledge (potential for

water infiltration)

Photo 7: Example of warping/bubbling and moisture damage (corrosion and

perforation) on aluminum panel above window along south elevation of building

Photo 8: Staining along bottom of cork panel in Classroom 2. Some staining also

noted along vertical wood trim between the windows.

Photo 9: A damaged and bulging area of plaster above the blackboard in Classroom

16 (suspected area of moisture damage)

Photo 10: Test cut of damaged and bulging area of plaster above the blackboard in Classroom 16 did not identify any mould growth (air space and steel beam present

behind plaster/metal lathe)

Photo 11: Example of damaged plaster along exterior wall of building (evidence of

moisture intrusion)

Photo 12: Example of damaged plaster adjacent to window and staining along

bottom corner of window frame (evidence of moisture intrusion)

Photo 13: A test cut made into a representative area of damaged plaster along the

west (exterior) wall in Classroom 9 did not reveal any mould growth.

Photo 14: Mouldy books (far right) noted near a damaged area of plaster along the exterior wall (south end) in Classroom 14 (suspect moisture damage to books as a

result of contact with moisture-damaged plaster)

Photo 15: Moisture damage (staining) and mould growth behind wooden baseboard in the northwest corner of Classroom 15. A small puddle of fluid (rusty water and

bottom of photo) was also noted underneath the metal filing cabinet in Classroom 15 which was moved to access the baseboard

Photo 16: Mould growth (black spots/discolouration) present along the underside of

the wooden baseboard in the northwest corner of Classroom 15

Photo 17: Staining on wood framing of rear bulkhead (below insulated pipe) in

Classroom 16 (evidence of moisture infiltration)

Photo 18: Small amounts of rodent excrement on the surface of the ceiling in the

northeast corner of Classroom 16

Photo 19: Staining on pipe insulation above ceiling in corridor (evidence of

moisture infiltration)

Photo 20: Staining along top portion of wooden cabinet (below pipes) located on

stage in gym (evidence of moisture infiltration)

Photo 21: Staining running down wall behind cabinet in storage room in gym

(evidence of moisture infiltration)

Photo 22: Example of stained box present in building (evidence of moisture damage

and potential presence of mould growth within contents)

Photo 23: White stains along joints and underside of steel pan of the roof deck in the western half of the building. The stains observed were consistent with liquid

that penetrated the deck when concrete was poured for the roof (i.e. stains date back to time of construction and do not indicate a current moisture infiltration problem)

Photo 24: Damaged (stained) section of ceiling removed from storage room located between Classrooms 13 and 14 (no significant water damage or mould noted within

ceiling space)

Photo 25: Top surface of damaged (stained) section of ceiling removed from storage room located between Classrooms 13 and 14 (some staining but no significant mould

growth observed)

Photo 26: Underside of closet in northwest corner of Classroom 16 showing some

minor staining but no apparent mould growth

Photo 27: Classroom 16, rear of shelving units (left) and plywood covering base of

north wall (right) showing no significant staining or mould growth

Photo 28: Underside of shelving unit removed from north wall of Classroom 16

showing some minor staining but no apparent mould growth

Photo 29: Masonry debris on top of tall wooden cabinet located at north end of

stage in gym (evidence of masonry work and/or cutting of adjacent wall)

Photo 30: Minor staining and mould growth (black and white discolouration) at top north corner of tall wooden cabinet located at north end of stage in gym (evidence of

moisture damage originating from above)

Photo 31: Space above ceiling removed from closet in Classroom 3 showing staining

on wood framing and upper layer of drywall but no apparent mould growth

Photo 32: Staining within drawer of sink cabinet in Classroom 4 (note proximity of paper towel dispenser at top right). Analysis of tape-lift sample did not indicate mould growth.

Photo 33: Staining and minor mould growth on surface of wall underneath cabinet

(removed) in storage room of gym.

Photo 34: Staining and minor mould growth on surface of cabinet removed from

storage room of gym.

Photo 35: Test cut along damaged exterior wall of Classroom 5 showing plaster

over masonry and no evidence of mould growth

Photo 36: Storage area (chairs on carts) underneath stage in gym and example of

plywood storage cart for sports equipment (top right)

Photo 37: Staining and mould growth (black discolouration) on plywood storage

cart used for sports equipment

Photo 38: Example of mould growth (black discolouration) along floor joist

underneath stage (i.e. chair storage area) in gym

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