Movement. Price 5p. May 1973

Movement. Price 5p. May 1973paper of the Anti-Apartheid

Anti-Apartheid News May 1973. Page2AI ~NATI ONAL AND INTERNAIONAL[ACTION~NATONL AND INTENATIONALBritainNUSSOUTHERN AFRICAN issuesfratured prominently at the NUS conferece held in Exeter. April 2 6.An emergency motion callinn for the release nfthe Pretoria sin, who are currently on tial in South Africa,was oveewhelmingly passed. The moto"n aln nialyded a catl for the withdrawal of invittions to Rhodesiaand South Africa te attend the Association af Commnoiwealth Universities conference to be held inEdinburgh in August; a total condemanation of the banning orders imposed an SASO and NUSAS studentleaders; a call for an a(]-ont campaign rgainsthe ilth nniversary celebrations of the AngoPortugueseAlliance; and an extension of the campaigu on aniversity investnaents to local' education authrity coleges.PIna to i p'lenent these deetsions hare already been made and wil be finalised at the NtS/AAM networketing a London on Saturday May 12.The onference alsa heard a fraternål addres from Silvino da LuZ, representative of PAIGC (AfricanParty for the llependene of Guine and the Cape Verdes). He told the 1200 partiripants that the stluggle inGane was not against the trilglese people ht the fascist Caetao reioe. He called for fither support for hispeople's struggle and paeticularly stressed the need to oppose, the celebratinas of the AnglPortugneseAltiance. A colection for the Amilear Cabral Memorial Fund rased nver £90.Over 60 people attended a meeting whih too-k place daring the roference organised by NUS and the Anti-Apartheid Morement. The ,peakers wee Sòbizana Magqikana, Afriran National Congress (South Africa);Ptly Gaster, Committee far Fre in Mo mbique, Angolaand Gine; Roer Trask. AntiApartheid Movement; and Barry Manslow of Manchester University.The NUS Executive Report,adopted by the eanference, stated that student activity on Soutbern Africa had inreased steadily sincethe.union adopted its firat eomprehensive motion on the issu in 1970. In the past year students badconcentrated on thee isscs; an edueationat and information canpaign an Nanibia; fund-raioing for thelieration movements; all a campaig to force universities to withdraw their nveatnrots in firats with SothrernAfrican subsdiarict.Solidarity callSLUVItO DA LUZ. naember of PAIGC (African Party for the ladependence of Guine and the CapeVerdes) Smpreme Council, said that the Portuguese bad ttally failed to hold up the progress of theliberation staggle in Guine by mFodering CabraL a a meeting at University of London Union on March 27.He called for action to ond the alliance bet-een Britain and Portugal and for S.pport for the liberationmoveenets in Mozambique, Angnla and Guinea Bissan.Daniel Banal, Depaty Dirertor of FRELIMO's Mozambique institute, siad that the struggle of the people ofMozambique was part of a world struggle for huao digity and freedom .Abdul Minty, Hon. Serretoty of the Anti-Apaetheid Moveaent, said thao supporters of the Southern Africanbiheration movements in Britain must make sure that the celebeations of the anniversary of the Anglo-Portugoese Alliance conld take place as plannd.Essop Pahad of the African National Congress of South Africa appealed for support for the berationmovements and said that resistance i South Africa itself was growing both in open pelitical artivity andunderground.Bsker Vasben of ZAPU Zim0babwe Afria._Peopl's Union) said that the British goveransent was doing di itculd to tur the African people's 'No' to the Home-Smtith rsettlement proposals into a 'Yes'. Itwas time that ekeryone realised that any negotiations which involved Smith and the British governtuentcould ony resut in a sett-out of the rights ofthe ajority. The merting was chaired by Steve

Pary. Secretry Elert of NUS.CoventryTHE COVENTRY Detnrce Committee for Sean Hosey and the five others rarrently on trial under theTerrorism Art in Pretoria has laanched an appeal for £700 to send John Hosey, Sean Hosey'& fathor,to. Pretoria to visit his son. The Commitee has also made an urgeant appel for ].ana s that Mr, Hosey canleare immediately these wil h1,,ler be repaid by money raised by the Committee.Os April 7 the Committe held an open-air meeting in Coventry's shopping rettre Speakers ind1uded BillWilan. Bill Wanan ofthe Sheet Metal Woclkers Uion andresntaives of Covenry Trades Council and 1~a1 unions.The Committee was 'set up at a meeting on March 22 whih received pdges of sppor frm a boadseio f the labour mo-erant in Coveatry. It was attended by representatives of Coveïtty Trades Council ofthe Indian ramunity, of trade unions ineladig AUEW(Engeineermg Séetior and AUEW (TASS) and stderns. John Hsey, fatber of Sean Hosey and a Tranåsportand General Workers ronvenor and Roger Trask, National Field Officer of the Anti Apartheid Movementspoke atthe meeting.The meetini decided to ask Covealry Council to sel itshares in firts with South Afican susldiaries,Contct: John Hosey. 57 Marier~ss, Willenhatlwood. Coventry Tel.Coventry 301824YCLT1E UNG Cimunist Leagueannimoasly passed an emergency resolution condemning the trial of the Pretori Sit at its annul Congress inScarborough, April 13 t6. The motion demanded their tarmediate release. Congress gave a standing ovationto Norcen Hosey, the sister of Sean Hosey, .ne of the Six, who moved the resolution.CamndenTHE PURCHASE of South Afrcan and Portuguese goods has been banned by the council of the LondonBo.ugh of Camden.The Borough's Finaree, and General Purposes' Commitee recommended to the Council that all goods'that are readily identifiable as being imported from South Africa or POrtugal thould behanncd.'Geoffrey Biadman, the Cam mittee's vice ehafinan, stressed that the boycott was an important gesture inthat it espessed the disgus telt at the system under whih" such goods were produced.This is not Camden BoroughCounci's first move against apartheid. Earlier measures inetuded removing Borough funds from BarclaysBank and depositing them with the Co-operative Bank, and the selling of investments in companiesinvolved in Southern Africa.LambethLAMBETH Council has instrcted its Direnter of Finance to stop dealing in the shares of roninies whih payblack markers in South Africa helo the Povrty Datum Level.ln 1971 the Council derided to dispose of shareholdings in companies which derive a substantial proportionof their profits from South Africa.NewportNEWPORT Eduction Committeehas rtfused to give ltae of absece to threc Newport Rugby Club players for the tea's tour f South Africa andRhodesia in May, Thy are last yva,"' captain John Jeffery. vice-captainDavid Ford and Paul Ervanm.Newport BorosIgh Concil memberRon Jones told tbe commitee 'We shauld show aur utter disgust that Newport rugby team shaald menthiak about it'.Manmouthshire EdicationAuthority hare deferred a dernion on whether to allow leave of absence ta two mare playrs to take part inthetour.The moves mean that Manmouthshire Anti-Apartheid Movement are within reach of success in theirloung campaign to get the tour caneelled.Cantart: Alan Fo , SerretaryMonmouthshire Anti-ApartheidMovement. 38 West Hill, Tredegar, Mon.

ManchesterNORWEST Ca-operative Society ist put a resolution the Ca-opCongre siolling an al Co-op Societits ..t to promate South African goods ond condemning apartheid.Resalutions to this effert have áaréády been passed by 14 Co-op Societie in the Naeth West. Staff atManchester University have cafled a special assembly t discu, the uiverity's. investmentu in campenimwith South African interesta. The staff have alan apealed to the labeou moement askåg far pressure On tfheUniversity Council to wiLhadra. from sch finns.The NALGO branch of Manelftster City Council have asked the Council to ensure that its pension find isnot iovested-in ompanies with South Afriran subsidiaries. Contac.t: Joyce Leeson, 565 Wiltslow Rd.,Mancheslter 20OxfordOXFORD Trades Councd has asked the government to freeze British inveatment in South Africa untilBritish firms there pay 'equal pay for-equal ark rognaless of cace ereed arcolur'. The Couneil has alan asked the TUC to hold an immediateenquiry into British companio' South African operations.South LondonANTI-APARTHEID actmvsts In South London h've heen holding Saotur ay mornig proteats against thesåle of South African goods at South London branches of Saiï,berys. Sa far they 'hare Iraletted shopperstwice at Sainsbury's Clapham Road hra.h and once at the Kings Road and Aradale Centre bramneles.Members of the group fil] a basket with South African produce, lake it to the chck-out and refase to boy it,explaining to other shoppers why. Tlen they picket und hand out leaflets outside the shop. Contact:Geoffrey Watson, 36 Honc.ywell Road, London SWI1 IbEG.Labour PartyHE LABOUR Party's International Committee has passed a resolution di~saciating the Labrur Party from.the i00th anniversary eebrations of the Anglo-Portugurese Alliance.Th resolution states: 'Celekratig the olliance may wel be in the interesti f big business. . bt to the workingpeople of sthe UK Portugal and the Potugues e clonies it is repugaant'.I4ewcastleNEWCASTLE-under Lyr, LiberalParty has subtitted a resolutian to the 1973 Liberal Party Assembly ralling for a freeze on all furter Britishinvestmert in South Africa and expressing upport for the Sguthern African liberation momeots."The resolution states that 'a policy af effective economi isolation of South Aftic.' is the only poirycompatibe with the sim of aver throving apartheid. It ask, far offical encouragement hy the BrttishGovernmat far provision, far the setting ti of blaèk dc ,touni inBritish subsidbiries in South Africa and for the introdurtion of equal payfor black and white.it also askb the Asembly tarecagaise that the denial of politieal freedom to blacks-mea-s that there is naw no alternative ta guercillastruggle tor the African majorities af South Africa. Rhodesia, South West Africa. Mozambique andAngoWa'.Karakul demoEIGHTY people" demoastratedagainst tbc sai of karakul from Namibia (South West Africa) at the Danish Fur Centre outsideCopenhagea an March 19. Theypicketed the building and trid to intereopt som of the buyers as they arrived by ear.The day befre the sales the management fired all temporaty workers sast ted of being sympathetic to theprotests. ln spite a striet secuity precautins anme stink bomb, mcat off ieside the building. Danish youthorganisations have aitten to the Foreign Ministerasking him ta ubserve UN reolutions an1d stop Danishfiras from traing with Namnibia.o Sharpeville Day, March 21 a Danith M P asked the Foreign Minister in parliament wbether he wouldlake steps to stop NRamihian karakul being sold in Denmark.BarclaysBARCLAYS Bank Chairman Sir John Thmpson admitted that the bank's record in South Africa was 'not allthgt hot' in repl to anti apartheid questioners at the Bank's annual shareholder meeting on March 28.Ute pointed to a '163 p cent incrase' in black employes as evidence of the bank's iberalising influence btdisciosed that only 300 oUt of the 8000 clerical workers Bardays omploys in South Africa are black.

In reply to questions about last iputh's Barclays share offer on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange he saidthat it was the pratice of the bank to 'identify its business with the. people in the country in which weoperate'.Five of about 20 protesting shareholders wem ejeted from the meeting aflter the chairmoan "rjecd outright aralt t he Bank to with draw from Sòutherm Africa and refused to diselose wage reates pald to cleaners inits South Afrioan branches.Sic John Thompson sad that the campaigo against the bank bad bad no ffert on lIs profits-up to £126,milion last yar. Bodiss which have wlthdrawn their acount' from Barclays inelude Camden Council ond theSociety of Post Office Executive,.. 'IIC IICI CHAIRMAN was weil prjared for qnestions on Southern Africa at his company's AGM on April 5. Hecapitalued an the report in the Ga'dian that ICI was ne of the three British companes who dlid not actallystarve their Africn emplayees and tried to argue that once the PDL hurdle was eleared all was bright androsy.He ansered to qoestins on South Africa, one from Christopher Beauman, who had visited ICI's plant inSouth Africa and those of its associate company, AE & CI, and wh though admitting that la's wage ratewere better than avecTge argund that the real quvstin was the strategic role in the South Afriean economypiyed by ICI.Another shareoilder Paul Favet, peinted Out that all the research for Att & Cl was don, by ICI in Britain,ond that given that AE & Cl is the argest indutrial encern in South Africa, this represeted ,major~ntributian to the apartheid ~eonomy as a Whole and to the continued repressin af the black majity. Healan .,kéed why if there was any truth behind the, pietore of beneicint liberalism painted by Callard, hadICI made no.protest ogainst the "repressive egislationpassed in South Afica over the pasttwa decades.After a series of questins oupollution, redundancies, and the morc abtruse mysteries of the An Dual Repart, Mr. Caltard, timiag thingssa that none of his sharholders would have to miss their lunch. decided to mve on to the formalities ofthe rest of the agenda. At this point, several sharel ,ders plrotested aigorousty at this blatant ligging afthemeeting. and oFe was eJeced.- Architectssell shares1THE ARCHITECTURALAssociation has decided ta withdraw all invesiments it holds in cmpanies with South African.ubsidiares. h aresolution passed al a meeting on March 26 the Association's Counci decided to ask the Council of theRoyal Institute or Brtish Aehitets (RIBA) ta break it, tin s with the Institute of South African Arehitets andto end its recognition of schao's of architecture at fire South African universities. Earlier this year RIBA'sCouncil decided to maintain the links. The resolution stted that te. 'Association reeognised that *the UKmakes the largest investatet in South Africa and is by vitue of this a brefi tthe parteid system andthat professianal inks form an element of this istmsnent'.Netball protestJUDY Day, headmistress of Elsley primary shoul. Brent, London, has resigned as netball coach in protestover the All-Englamd Netball Council's decision to send a team to South Africa this summer. More thanhren county associations have joined " the protest, and the Jamaican netball association has decided tocaneel a deputation's visit to BritainMrs. Annette Colrnerössorganiriag seretmry Of the netball asmaciation, denies that the Council's decisio supports the SouthAfrican's apartheid in sport.Mrs. Judy Day, however, thinks that the decision may jeopardi rthe whole future of the game in England.'Many f the girls al this Z séholare coloured', she says. 'They will not take kindly to a sport whasegoverning body rakes a decision like this.'New ZealanSpringbok banNEW ZEALAND Prime Minister,Norman Kirk, has finaly ordered the New Zeaiand RugbyUni n ta aneh the all-white South Africa. rogbySpringbaks tomrof South Africa.

The government canceled the touron the groundstha It Iwould lead to the greåtest civil upheaval ever known in Non Zealand and that it wouldniake a force of the Commonwealth tiomes to be held in Christtåurh neet yra,.Th e New Zealand Federation ofLabour wecomed the decision as 'a vietocy for the oppremsed in South Afica.IrelandHMockey tourA M EMBER of the trish A-,1d Foreen, Lieutten.t Shanahan, bas hecn refitsed eave nf abece to take part inthe lrisli Hecrey Union's plsnnd tanrof South Africa.According to Ireland's Minister for Foreign Affirs, Dr. Garet FitzGerald, the decision was takenhensanof'our attitude, expressed in voting at the United Nations, towards raial ist poivies iin South Africa'.the irish Ati-Aparthecd Movmeat ha repetedly urged the lrith Hock Union to cancel the tour. .?Contart: lrish Antf-Apartheid Mavement. 173 Barton Road East.' Dundrum. Dubln 14.

StrikesSTRIKES IN Johannesburg and surrounding towns reached a rate oft at least one a day in April and S theycontinued to spread in Natal. I Textiles was the worst hit industry.At Tongaat. near Durban, more than 200 black municipal workers rejected a management offer of a ISp aweek increase and staynd out in support of their demand for an extra 60p.In East London nearly 30 workers at two clothing plants stopped work on April 18.Five days earlier about 800 workers emplbyed at an East London hospital building site demanded £L80aday instead of the ?Op which they were being paid and stopped work when the man igement refused tomeet their demands.At Johannesburg's Brookfield K nitwear 300 African and Coloured workers refused to start-work on April 3. They went back after the management agreed to bring a S per cent cost of living increaseinto immediate effect.It the biggest series of strikes since work stoppages brought Drhban to a standstill in February, threemajor concerns at the recently developed Richards Bay industrial complex closed down at the beginning ofApril.At the Alusaf aluminium smelter troops were brought in to maintain preduction after 600 African workerswalked out. The strikers were joined by workers who were being employed at the Alusaf site by RobertsConstruction and Dorman Long. which is part-owned by the British Steel Corporation.At the RB Six consortium at Richards Bay police baton charged striking workers andWithdrawREG SEPTEMBER, ChiefRepresentative of the African National Congress in Western Europe, writes:THE ONE factor missing from the debate on the question of the wages paid to African workers by Britishcompanies in South Afica is whether British investment there is in the interests of the African peoplethemselves.It is not enough to ask 'Do UK firms pay above or below subsistence level?'; 'Do these workers' familieslive above or below the poverty datum line?'The essence of the situation in South Africa is that the whole system of apartheid is based on theexploitation of cheap black labour. This is why the rate of profit from British investments in South Africais amongst the highest in the world. This is why British firms invest in South Africa in the first place.No investors anywhere have ever had it so good as in South Africa- and this includes British investors.Whatever crumbs public opinion, is forcing some companies to throw to the black workers cannot detractfrom the basic trmt that the overseas investor has been as essential a part of the whole racist structure as hiscounterpart inside the cointry.Britain, as the country which owns two-thirds of all foreign investment in South Africa, is involved up tothe neck in the whole set-up and is clearly one of the main props of the apartheid system.Britain has been profiting from apartheid quite happily the Whole of this century and longer. Why all thispublic soul-searching now'? The reason is because black w rkers are fighting backAnti-Aparthild News May 1973. Page 3one a dayus row unregistereu iotining Workers Union which represents 18000 African clothing workersnow , says

The Vorster regime is on the defensive. The much-vaunted policy of dialogue with black Africa is in ruins,following the slap in the face administered by the governments of Madagascar, Ghana and dtherAfrican countries. As a result of the_ ANC call to actionSee that your country, your church, your university, your union, withdraws from firmswith interests in South AfricaDemand that Vorster withdraws his armed police, his dogs and troops from strikebound factoriesStop emigration to SouthAfricaStop arms and spares going toVorster, Smith and CartanoEstablish relations with usZambia-Rhodesia border closure, South Africa is suffering trade losses which it can ill-afford.Vorster is finding his students too hot to handle, his Bantustan chiefs becoming restive, increasing sectionsof minority Asian. Coloured and white groups making common cause with the African majority.Underground the African National Congress continues to function, despite all the police savagery andpersecution. And now, to cap it all, the African workers are using their most feared weapon, the strike, on amass scale, despite the penalties ofthree years imprisonment and a £250 fine which can be incurred forwitholding labour.In the face of these mounting problems the investor is now trying a new approach which he hopes will beacceptable to the black man in South Africa. The investor now claims that he can be a liberalisinginfluence, that he can act as a pressure group fromStriking worker on theninch and employers. He ordered away 'an official of the union who was trying tocalm a crowd of nearly 1000 striking women clothing workers and told the management that unionrepresentatives had no status and that it should not negotiate with them.Recently published statistics on the racial composition of South Africa's work force show that blackoutnumber whites by nearly four to one in mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, transportand conmauicatios.ANCwithin the apartheid system, that he must stay in South Africa beeuse of the good he can do, and soon.Our answer is simple. We saw the speciousness of this argument a long time ago. To us, the investor is theally of our oppressors, .a beneficiary from our misery. We want all foreign investors to get out of ourcountry, and leave us free to deal with our oppressors without their interference.That is why as far back as 1960 the President General of the African National Congress, the late ChiefAlbert Lutuli, called for the withdrawal of all foreign capital from South Africa.It is our firmly-considered view that opinion - however wellintentioned it may appear - that opposes ourcampaign for this withdrawal is, in the long run, only delaying the real change that is essential if SouthAfrica is to be rid of apartheid and slave labour. It is not enough to grant higher wages here, betterconditions there, for this leaves the apartheid system intact, in fact props it up longer - the very source ofour misery and degradation.Nor are we convinced that all those pushing for better wages and conditions for black South Africans arenecessarily wellintentioned. It is fearwhich is causing the investors and the managing directors of the bigcombine sleepless nights - fear of the very change we oureleves wantto bring about.We have seen the machinations of the, multi-national companies in countries like Chile, where the USLT.T. and the CIA have combined forces to prevent any change in the social system. We believe thatinternational big business in South Africa is ready to play the same role to maintainMANY of the companies named as starvation employers in the Guardian report have announced wageincreases of 20 per cent and more for their African workers. To some people - the Times for example - thisis 'one of the arguments for maintaining British connections with South Africa -that a British presence inthe Republic can do something (little as it may be) to mitigate the rigours of apartheid and to move SouthAfrican policy and practice towards peaceful change.' To keep this argument in perspective here is aresume of some of the big wage changes announced since our last issue, and their implications for blackworkers.* Slater Walker announced, withmaximum publicity, increases of 100 per cent for its lowest paid workert, with some other benefits. Thismeans that the Zulu father earning 24p a day on the Newlands Estate tAA NEWS last month) will now

earn 48p a day.Slater Walker has advertisedfor an executive to be responsible for Non-White labour relations. He will bepaid £9,000 a year.*Tate and Lyle announced risesof at least 25 per cent. This means that workers getting 29p a day basic on the I0lovo Sugar Estate(estimated net annual profit £500,000) will now getaround 36p a day.*Associated Portland Cementincreased wages of its lowestpaid workers by more than 40 per cent. Instead of 61/2p an hour or £3 a week.employees at Whites' Portland (1972 profit £800,000) will get about 9sp anhour or £4.20 a week.its position of privilege. We are suspicious of big businessmen bringing gifts.We in the African National Congress are fighting to bring about a change in South Africa. We are fightingfor majority rule based on one man one vote. We are fighting to put an end to apartheid and racialdiscrimination.We shall continue to struggle for this change by a combination of all possible means - legal and illegal,armed and unarmed,General Electric, British Leyland and Chloride Electrical are among firms who gave no specific figuresfor plans to raise wages. They said wages in future would 'not be below subsistence levels'.Wage increases, of ourse, are being conceded not merely by British firms but by many native SouthAfrican companies panicking because of the rising tide of black strikes and labour unrest.SackingsThe South African Cane Growers Association has advised its members to increase wages by aminimum of 25 per cent According to the Association's Chairman this will mean that from May I theaverage wage earned by black cane cutters will be £2.50 a week plus ao average £2.50 weekly bonus.Companies forced to concede wage rises are retaliating by cutting their labour forces. Dr. EtienneRousseau, Chairman of the state chemicals corporation, SASOL, says that the majority of the firms onwhose boards he sits are adopting a piolicy of cutting labour.One Reef company with twelve Afrieon employees, faced with a wage claim, told the workers they had achoice of a wage rise and half being sacked, or staying on at their present wage. They persisted with theirclaim and six were sacked.InflationEmployem'are actingquickly to pass wage increases on in price rises. 'Huge chunks of the increases'according to the South African Financial Gazette 'will be chewed away by runaway, stilluncurbed inflation.These facts should be remembered before anyone gets hysterical about British firms 'coming clean'. Itis also useful to work out the effect of a 20 per cent wage increase for a Worker earning E3 a week,The Guardian in one of its more purple moments wrote of British firms facing 'the uncomfortable andthankless task' of being 'pioneers in a fossilised society'. It need not worry, There is no evidence that theyare any such thing.

AAM steps up campaign in unionsShop floor activity plannedTHE SECOND Annual Trade culty in doing this all at onceUnion Conference held by the but it was agreed that as a firstAnti-Apartheid Movement, step they should be asked toMarch 23-25, marked an im withdraw from the 27 comportant advance in the work of panies towhich SACTU hasmnobilising British trade unionists written calling on them to within support of their black brothers drawfrom South Africa.in Sonthern Africa. Sho stewards committees inThe major task confronting the *Sh.Sto ompanies with South Africanconferene was to decie on a subsidiaries Should be approgramme of action to stmulate proached tocall on then to activity at a shop woor level, stop further investment i n

narticulary i firms ith interests S Africa ad to recognise in Southern Africa. African t radeunions andIn a packed programme conduct wage negotiations withparticipants listened to Abdul them aMinty, Hon. Secretary of the Anti- .Apartheid Movement, Zola 0 Union branch meetings,Zembe of SACTU (South African weekend schools and TradesCongress of Trade Unions) and Council meetings should beRuth First, who gave a clear encouraged to invite speakersexposition of the situation in from the Anti-ApartheidSouthern Africa and of British Movement on the investmentlinks with the minority regines. issueZola Zembe drew on his personal experiences to give a On emigration the conferencegraphic account of life under agreed thatapartheid.Later Fred Carneson, who was *ariles should be placed inreleased from Pretoria Local trade union journals describing Prison last year after serving a six- thesocial and political situationyear sentence under the Sup- in South Africapression of Communism Act, told *Unions should be'asked to end the conference about his cx- the'dual-card' system wherebyperiences and stressed the need South African trade unionfor a more effective boycott of cards are recognised in BritainSouth Africa.These talks and the discussion OWork should be done withinwhich followed gave delegates a the print unions on the question clear picture of the task con- of theprinting Of adfrontingBritish trade unionists. vertisements rncouraging workers to emigrate to SouthTerrorism Act Africa in the national and localpressA welcome visitor to theconference was John Hosey, the On Rhodesia the conferenceTransport and General Workersurged trade unionists to insist thatconvenor at Triumph Motors in OThere should be no more Coventry, whose son Sean Hosey,otiations except in the form is on trial under the Terrorism negoaonse ptinl ormAct in Pretoria. of a constitutional cnferenceHe appealed for telegrams and at which the African majoritymessages to be sent to the South were representedAfrican ambassador demanding *Sanctions should bthe release of his son and the five tean d strengthe mainothers on trial with him. tainedandtrengthened'The conference later sent a *Emigratibn of British workerttelegram to South Africa House o Rhodesia should bestoppedprotesting against the trial and calling for the release of thePretoria Six. Delegates agreed to The Conference recognised that ask their unions to send messages thecelebrations of the 600th on protest. anniversary of the AngloThe conference was also ad-Portuguese Alliance which aredressed by Daniel Banze, Deputy to take place in June will mean Director of the Mozambique anintensification of BritishInstitute who outlined to so p port 'for Portugal in itsdelegates the progress of the colonial wars.liberation movements in It agreed thatMozambique, Angola and Guine. UConference divided into four OUnion branches and -Tradesdiscussion groups which dealt Councils should be asked towith investment, emigration pass resolutions opposing theRhodesia and the Anglo- celebrations

Portuguese Alliance. 0Union branches should beasked to invite speakers, fromInvestment the Portuguese WorkersThe question of investment by Uaison CommitteeBritish firms in Southern Africa *Pickets and demonstrations was the major issue facing the against thecelebrations shouldconference. It was agreed that be given maximum unionBritish firms should be asked to supportwithdraw their investments fromSouthern Africa and as a first step The Conference recognised the to make no new investment there,limited resources of the AntiIt was stressed that many Apartheid Movement centrallyBritish companies were ex- and suggested that lncal antipanding their operations in apartheid groupsshould link upSothern Africa because of the with sympathetic trade unionists high profit levels there atthe same in theirareas to initiate researchtime as they were closing down and action,plants in Britain and creating It was also agreed that unionredpndancies among British trade conferences should be leafleted unionists, and help indoing this wasConference agreed that requested from ulion members.SThe importance of encouraging* Unions should be asked to sell trade unions to affiliate to theshareholdings in companies Anti Apartheid Movmnt and of with South African rb- establishing aregular flow ofsidiaries: it was recognised that do-ati n was stressed.some unions would find diffe- The conference produced moreMovement's effortint~nthe trade union movement and to take advantage of the present level of politicalawareness to build a rank and file solidarity movement.increasingly it is being realised that the major areas of consistent support for the policies of the Anti-Apartheid Movement lie within the labour movement.Winding up the conference Ken Gill, Deputy General Secretary of AUEW (TASS), said 'The ffectivenessof the Anti-Apartheid 'Movement most be judged by the amount it involves the working class'. He said thatwithout organising the working class the Anti-Apartheid Movement could not advance.He said that the rise of multinational corporations gave new opportunities for British workers to sopportworkers in South Africa and the concept ot working class solidarity was no longer just a slgn.British trade unionists should join the struggle to ensure that South Africa did not become a dumpingground for British capital and a threat to British workinilass standards.The closing session of the conference was also addressed by Ambassador E. Ogbu, Nigerian Ambassadorto the UN andChairman of the tUN Special Comnittee on Apartheid. He told delegeates that an international tradeunion conference on apartheid, organised jointly by the ILO Workers Section and the UN SpecialCommittee on Apartheid, was to be held in June,.Messages of support for the" conference were received from Jack Jones, General Secretary of the Transportand GeneralWurkrs Union, Lawrency Daly,General Secretary of the Mineweirkers Union and Joan Maynard.In another message Cyril Plant, General Secretary of the Inland Revenue Staff Federation and UKworkers'delegatcto the governing body of the ILO wrote: 'The impetus that the Anti-Apartheid Movementhas given to theworking class in Biitain on this qiestion will be carried trward to the world conference in June. I wish thesecond trade union conferenceevery success'.Conference sessions were chaired b, John nnals,Chairman of the Anti-Apartheld Movement, Boh Edwrds MP, Interntional Officer of the T & GWU andBob Wright, member of the Executive Council of theAUEW (Engineering Section).

The conference was attended by delegates and individual members of 16 unions, including SLADE & PW,NUPE, AUEW (TASS), NGA, USDAW, TobaccoWorkers Union. ASTMS, APEX, ASLEF. ACTT, NUPE, SPOE, ATT, Equity. NATSOPA andT&GWU.ROGER TRASKTUCSASnubbedby TUCTHE TUC General Council has decided to consider sending a delegation to South Africa, but this will notbe as a result of the invitation it has received from the. White-dominated Trade Union Council of SouthAfrica (ITUCSA).At its meeting on March 28 the General Council instructed its International Committee to take into accountthe views of the' South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU) in itsdiscussions about whether or not it should send a mission.Alan Sapper, General Secretary of ACTT, the cine technicians union said that the TUC's relations withTUCSA werealready too close lor comfort and that SACTU should be considered the representative body of the majorityof South African workers.He was supported by George Doughty, General Secretary of AUEW (TASS) and by George Snith,General Secretary of the building union UCATT.Betore the meeting Alan Sapper said:,'We should break off all links with TUCSA and wake up from ourlong sleep with regard to SACTU and recognise it as tihe true representative of nonwhite tradeunionists'Ken Gill. Deputy General Secretary of AUEW (TASS) said: The TUC would be slapping blaak strikersin the face if they accepted the suggestion to invite white trade ut. leaders from South Afica o v er here.TUCSA's G~eneral Secretasy, Artur Grobeaar, has wtitten to thTUC suggest ing that he comes to Britain toaddress the TUCA statement issued by SACIU about fUCSA's invitition is the TUC, says that it 'focusses attention on therole of the white trade union movement in SouthAnti-Apartheid Movement'sAfrica and its relations with African workers."White workers form a labour aristocracy and they have achieved inflated standards at the expense oftheblack majority.It adds that 'meaningful international trade union solidarity could take many forms' and stresses that urgentpriorities are 'the condemnation of South African government repression of African strike action; aconcerted demand for the tight of African workers to organise in fully recognised trade unions; and thedismantling, of the political and ecbnonmic structures of apartheid'.Councilasked toblack workersLONDON Trades Council will be asked to express its solidarity with black workers in South Africa at itsmeeting on May 16. A motion submitted by the No. 26 Divisional Council of AUEW (TASS) points outthat many of the firms who pay starvation wages to black workers in South Attica are the same companieswho also exploit workers in Britain.It asks London Trades Council to 'organise financial and trade union assistance to our fellow tradeunionists fighting under great difficulty, -the same rapacious employrs as we do'.TASS callsfor end toapartheidinvestmentTHE REPRESENTATTVECouncil Conference of AUEW (TASS), to be held in Bononemouth April 30 - May 4, will, discuss aresolution opposing all capital investment by British firms in SouthAfrica. The resolution, moved bySlough branch, states that 'the continuing support of apartheid by British industrialists is sustaining anovertly racialist system whilst at the same time depriving this country of smuc needed investment capitalwhich

-has been created by the British working clam'. It calls oi all member s to press their employers .o severtheir eonnections with South African subsidiaries

Anti-Apartbeid New May1973. PageSRobben Island prisoners released from solitaryTHE WIVES of two of the political prisoners on Robben Island have won a dramatic, if partial. vrtory intheir Court ction to restore their husbands' basic rights as prisoners.Mr Juttice Diem0n of the South Atrican Su pemne Court jsund that keeping Kader Hassim and Sarinayaran Vskatrathnam in isolation was illegal and ordered that they 'be rmoved frotn segregation andsofitary, contine nent'.'Unlawful actions'He went on to criticise the defendants 'Colonel W. H. Willensee commandant of the prison iand SouthAfrican Commissioner for PrisonsGeneral C C Steyn for 'unlawfu' actions and ordered them in partirular t0 make copies of the prisonregulations available to all detaices.Hassim and Venkatrathoam, with 30 other prisoners, were kept in solitary confinement for three nsonthsfrom November being allowed out of their cells for only an hour a day, as a reprisal for their part in apetition presented to the prison authorities by 50 political prisoners eriticising conditions and asking forimprovemeots.ChallengeThe court action was the first attempt to challenge the treatment Of the 380 political prisoners onRobben Island through the courts.Bur applications to restore the prisoners' facilitics of reading amterial, letters. tobacco and games, andstudy material for fHassim who is attempting to take a university couse, were refused by Justice Dilemont.And the court victory looks likety to have only a måairginal effect on the inhumran conditionsEizabeth pison. Left: pilsonern roll uj to which the Robben Island detainees are subjerted.The petition, a copy of whieh has been smuggled out, gives details of the way in which conditions haveworsened on the island since the half-hearted reform attempts a few years ago.AmputationFrightfld medical conditions (leading in one case to a prisoner having his leg amputatd),deprivation of hot water even to TB patients, lack of efible food. denial of exercise, sports and libraryfacilities, and intimidation and beating by the warders are listed in the petition.A particolar brutality is the 'Ihrer meals punishment' under which a prisoner is locked in his cell from 4 pmon te first day to 8 am on the third day. spending forty hours in conf'inement without food.The South African law, such as it is. states that a prisoner has the right of access to a lawyer before be canbe subjected to this punishment. Bot Robben Island prisoners who asked for a lawyer were threatenedwith six months' solitary confinement. The prisoners' other compläintsincluded deprivation ofnewspapers - they are given almolit no news at all ~of the outside world - inordinate delay of letters,making correspondence 'meaningless', starvation rations- thin undercooked porridge, no fruit and seldom vegetahles or fresh meat.Prisoners are allowed to see a doctor only once a week and many are allowed to lie in their cells when theyneed hospital treatmsent. They have been deprived of preseribed tablets, penicillin and injections by thewarders.AssaultsTwo of the warders in particolar, Head Warders Karstens and Jonker, have been waging a canpaign alharassment and bsllying against the detainees. 1 his inltudes indiscriminate use of the 'ihrer mealspunishment' and continuus provocation. On one occasiqn when prisoners complained about their foud, 28of them wee assaulted by the warders.A typical example ofhacassment i, giving commands to prisoners in Afrikaans, which miany do not understand. Wen prsonersstarted AfrikaansAccused in Terrorism Act trialheld for 8 months in death cellALFXANDER Mounibaris. our as ihe real 'rough stuff'. Sean Hosey are alleged to hare

af the six men on trial under the No evidencc has been led about conspired to brig arms i nt 'TIerrorisinAct in Pretoria, has the treatment of the four African South Africa; to bring materals been held in solitaLryconflnement accused. They are Gardener to establish a secret comin the death cell in Pretoria Sijaka.Justice Mpanza, nmunications neiwork; to recruit Central Pr)son. according to hispeople inside South Atrica: and toDefence Counsel. Prison warders ' form seret groups and trainbad taunted blm abocut the i ceroits ini guierrilla wuarfareexecution of its previous pc- They are also afeused ofcupant. Frans.Vontsteen. carrying out reconnaisanceHis Counsel said that he had missions in the Transkei andbeen so upset by secing an photographing parts of theeecution taking place outside his coastline and of explaining tocell and by bearingthe singing of people how to omake bombs andcondemned mea that be bad been explosives.unnble to discuss his defence. !Sct fHosey bas been accused ofHr ,tried to comnit suicide by iaking part in tbc distribution ofbanging his bead against the cell Atrican National Congress leafletswall, at,er makinug a statement to by rhe xplosi of hoeht hoi,the Security Police. in 1971 and of giving forgedAnother of the six. Scan Hosey. - posses to Africans.was interrogated for 72 hours with Saa Hosy has been held ina rest period of only 7 hours, solitary cotsfinement site lastlcordingto Defence Counsel. Hr October-and the other fiv acsaid that Sean Hoseywould tell cused since lastluly.the court that hr was kickedäandthreatened with a gun during hisinterrogation. AMssages condemiiag the trialHe would desr be how be was Sean -,osey ad deploring the tortre of theinterrogated by two trams o- ur Theophilus Cholo and Petrus iciied should be sen tu Dr. under MajorStadiet, who has MItenu. Carel de Wet. Suth Africaappeared in court as a State ]be indietniet against the six Huuse. Traiålgar Sqaare. Londonwitness and the other which dalt contains 19 charges under the SWI and to J. R. Vorster Union (ot whatScon Hosey desribed Terrorism Act. All of them exeeto j din. Pretora. South Africa.classes, they were stopped byWarder Karstens.Tbc prisoners are keptin almosttotal isolation. They are not allowed to visit each others' cells, confined to their cells on nonworkdayswithout exercise - the oinly way of keeping warm in winter - and refused access to the prison library.which is only a tw yards away from their cells.Life sentencesMost of the Robben Island prisoners are serving long sentences, some of them life, for 'erimes against theState'. It ha been the policy of the South Alrican Prisons Department to 'break' prisoners biy especiallybrutal treatment in the first years of their sentence,Studentsharrassedby policeSATHS Cooper one of the eight SASO leadees banned last month, is being persecuted and harassed by theSecurity Police. Police have alleged that hr is breaking his banning order by working at his business, arecord library, and told hio, that if be is not polite to white policemen life will be made prettydifficu to,him. Abraham Tiro. whose expulsion from Turiloop University last year sparked off student protests allover the country, has said that the recent banings are 'a completion of yet another milestoure in the roadtowards freedom' in South Africa.At a mass asreting be said that the bans 'should impel us individually and collectively to comiiiiiitourselves fully to the struggle.Black solidarity'This action is an achievement on our part in the sanse that the Minister of Justice has adnmitted

-and confirmed that black consciousness and black solidarity are the only solution to the white settlerproblem.'Mrs. Samboo Moodley, wife of another of the banned leaders, Strini Moodley, called on all black en in thecountry to become 'soldiers in the struggle'.SASO's Aeting Administration Assistant. Mrs. Soma Reddj, has been questioned by police after an incidentin which a menber of the Security Police ib alleged to have been assaulted at a student neeting.HungerstrikesagainstbanningBANNED Indian leader, Mewa Ramgobin, mounted a protest fast. April 19-23, in support of demands forthe release of political prisoners and an end to bannings and house arrest. He was joined by mesbers ofNUSAS (National Union of South African Students) and SASO (South African Student Organisation).-Mewa Ramgobin was recently served with a second five-ycar banning order and confined to his home areaof Inanda so that be can no longer go to work.ln a telephone itrview with BBC Focus on Africa, hr said that bannings were 'designed to break up a manpsychologically'. But e added: '1 du know that the price for freedom and justice as I would like to see inSouth Africa is not only the sufferings of banning orders but life itself'.He said be was a proponent of 'non-compliance' and thought that it was 'about time that we in South Alricadefled such laws. 'The situation in South Africa is deteriorating to such an extent that 1 shudder to think ofthe coafuotation that might take place between us blacks and the whife supremacists in this country. It isregrettable that an allegedly sophisticated people like the white electorate in South Africa eannot see thewritings on the Wall'.The systems would only be changed by 'the black man's asertion that " have bad enough and I shall nottake it ariy longer". What manifestations this attitude is going to take I do not know, hut I do know that theblack man is thinking very fast along those lines.'The Southern Regional Labour Party has sent a telegram of support to Mewa Ramgobin which read: 'Weextend our admiration and support for your courageous protest against the inhuman system of house arrestand banñlngs imposed on opponents of apartheid. Your protest symbolises the spirit of resistance whieh isalive in South Atrica and has the synpathy and support of caring people everywhere'.Other organisations which are to send oessages of support nclude NUS, the Liberal Party, Catholic lnstitutefor International Relations, Pax Christi and the National League of Young Liberals.SA defencecosts up 24ZSOUTH AFRICA'S defence budget has soared to £238 million- naarly 24 per cent up on 1971.The cost of arms procurement has risen to £89 million. the 'Defence Special Equipment Account' to £39million, and the aited forces wage bill to £50 nillion. The sum allotted to 'ltiådward defences' is £68million-£24uisliBon up on 1971 and fte cost of air defreice is £22 illlion-£10 sillion up.According to Finance Minister Nico Diderichs 'The eost of sophisttc ted armaments Snecessary for thedefence of our bordetrs is high hut injudiceous pruining in4this field may cost the cou ntry dearily in theeti.'

Anti-Apartheid News May 1973. Page 6.owgold shores up apartheidSOUTH Africa produces almost period South Africa's gold gold pcrs. honic ofla on80 per cent of the world's sopply exports have been insufficient to The sysem collapsed in1971 Aurrencies n' chropic eofldo f~~~~~A n e l m i n e d - g ol d p r i ceyl s s t " o f g oldof newly ined gold Gold finance its chronic balance of when as a result of a decadeof could each Sl100120 an ounce

repeen an Il-al mate a payments defic The defcit US expansion abroad US dollaw hn the forseeable futuresecueity fonpeople and nations had to be covered by arge-scale liabilities to foreigncountries By trebling its foreign exand it enjoys an almost in- inflows of foreigncapital, by rose to ai assive £25 bdhff. In change revenues from gold salessatiable demand. periodic restrictions on imports August 1971 the Nixon ad-the South African governmentSouth Africa's economy has and by reductions in the official ministration suspendedthe can now at last resolve itsbeen compared to an inverted reserves of gold and foregn conertibility of the doliar.chronic balance of paymentspyramid. At its narrow base exchange. The new US official gold priceproblem. This gives the Southstood the vast pool of cheap In 1971, despite an inflow of of $42 an ounce became aprice African economy a greaterblack labour needed to sustain over £375 million of foreign at which the US Treasurywould degree of independence from allgold production. The economic capital and overseas gold sales neither buy nor sell goldand the kinds of external premures.surpluses it generated supported amounting to £535 million, the free market price almosttrebled Tan ever-widening range of net deficit in the balance of in three years. mThe profitability ofegoldsecondary industries and a payments reached £198 million.mining has also attracted ne !highly inefficient agriculture. This occurred in spite of importespeciallys from the US. tTo nmake sure that this py id and exchange restrictions and Today the majorcurrencies fdid not topple over, a complex the deficit had to be financed are floating against eachother Lt by tstructure of race laws and labour from official reserves. a Lastlybytaking advantage ofregulations was erected to 1968 and 1971 South Africa's highergold prices ootet hechap aburbae.central baniksare forced to 4o6gadprotectthecheaplabourbase. gold and foreign exchange o re o low-grade ore mines whereexchangeensure their o m e tary production costs are higher,Sovietserves fell by over 50 perce security by conservn or i o£613 million to £296 creasing their gold stocs. Majo South Africa need nd s then millioin.e ever to maintain anid strengtheni the US. gold mining is only This baby is suffering from gross South Africa's balance of interltiionalcompanies, banks the cheap labour base on whichta en the gold ric m . mnts p ion h iroved and wealthy financiers all hold goldmining and the economy asprofitable when the gold price malutrition, paymentspositi has p gold to ensure the safetyof their a w rreaches" S140 an ounce. The prolnged the life of low-grade in the last year. World gold lid assets fromdrepreciating a whole rest.Soviet Union's production costs ore mines, bolstered gold mining, prices have risen to record levels,atersatworkare $120 an ounce. But in profits and boosted official foreign exchange revenuesishighSouth Africa the goldining reserves of gold and foreign rapidly increased and the deficit industry enjoyedan average exchange to meet adverse swings in the balance of payments has

annual profit of £160 million inthe balance ofpayments, declined.and has declared dividends South Africa's gold outputaveraging £60 million a year has steadily increased over the Free mrktifl.'.:Lthroughout the post-war period years to reach a peak of over ... . ,when the international price of 1000 metric tons in 1970. In In 1972 the fre market pricegold was fixed at $35 an ounce. 1971 the output -is 976 tons. of gol rsbypecnt an invThe price of gold on the free Last year's output fell slightly 1973 by almost 40 per cent, _"_Imarke has steadily risen to a because of the resumption of Since 1971 levels of capita............. c2n" in... . - ;flow have been mailntainedcurrent level of around $90 an mining operations in previously il have been maintaind ounce - higherthan ever unworked low-grade ines andasa result official gold and-thbefore. South Africa has steadily foreign exchange reserves have CHEAP labour is thefoundation health services,Instead of using increased increased its share of world risen by over £250 million over of South Africa'sgold mining In March two of the big Anglo Americaincome to increase African wage output front around 43 per cent the last fifteen months, industry.Without it it is possible mining finance houses, Anglo In money tels and abandon the migrant in 1950 to or 77 per cent in Until 1968 the international that the gold minesmight never American Corporation and - £2.50 a eele aur systen the South 1971. price of gold wasfixed by the US have been opened up:certainly Johannesburg Consolidated an average rAfrican authorities have For -much of the post-war official prie which had stood at they would nothave yielded the Investments, announced wage undergroid , $35 an ounce since 1933. At huge profits thatthey have done increases for black employees week at Ang that price the US Treasury stood overthelastI10 years. and the Chamber of Mines £2.60 a weeka ly ready to buy and sell gold Gold mining pre-tax profits in staled thatother groups would average earliragainst US dollars to foreign 1972 were £274 million - over befouinguit. 0.20 to wa20W> monetary authorities. This five times the mines' total blackIncreases a responsetatB established US dominance in the wago bill of just over £48 million.international monetary system The average black wage on In percentage termin the in- among blacksince the link between all the gold mines at the beginning ceases are big between 23 partly an attecurrencies and gold was of 1 73 was £2.40 a weel plus and 45 per cent for JCI's black overseas celticKR determined by the US official board, food and rudimentary miners and a 26 per cent rise in thelast time tMiners queue for their daily meal in[! afteresah ou$increases on ft afterrinath of Sht According [ African Fii S'Western world know what ItSpelling out pis in their ienAfricaIn real ter terms of What African wages are no highir lower thantle Wages'if alwas ben higher, than itindustry in il large increase have beep pa increasi ns prc nilner s. In 1971 formed over 380,000 O. aot totallabour i mines ant thThe wage wkts wtoft per cent o15he was £95 miilli doubl that fin Th map b, black earni widening: in I l:1n 1961 it i 1969 it w as20. the compound canteen I , he Insiialw1hite trade S;oth African all combined tPI1fr

Anti-ApartheidNewa May 1973.'Respectable' firmsTHE SOUTH AsRICAN din minng inds nated by cash

een min ig fiance houseswho between them operate all the major gold mines. By fat the biggest is the Anglo American Corporatinwhich in 1969 produced 41 per cent ofon slaveryon.. ac~ gld employe -1r cent of South Afirica's %o~ main reef, the Witwater29 per cent of the industry's production and for the But in the years after th black labour force and ismanagementoff8 mines. 'huge new fields were opesresponsible for the management General Mining and Finance in the Orange Free State: nf 12 mines.Corporation has historically all the new mines were upGold Fields en the main channel for the by Anglo American.investment of Afrikaner capital Today Anglo AmericanIn second place comes in the gold mines. Unlike the only the biggest mining fi Consolidated Gold Fieldswith other mining houses almost all house measured by the ru 17 per cent of gold production , its funds arestill invested in and size of the mines it op 17 per cent of the black labour gold. In 1969 it produced 7 peritself: it has come to tdo, force and II mines. Gold Fields cent of total output and the whole industry bybuyi was foundod by Cecil Rhodes in operatduthreemines. blocks of shares in the1887 and is the only ining Rand Mines was founded by mining houses. In the late finance houseregistered in Julius Wernher and Alfred Beit, and early l960s it act London. the early miningmagnates who potential control over IUnion Corporation was did more than inyone else to nesburg Consolidated formed by a consortiumof attract overseas capital to the vestment Company and German banks in the 1890s and mines and makegold shares Mines and it holds a subst satweekonthe'deeplerels'afelyprecautionsareofteninadequatendthearcdtt in 1969 was responsible for 13 internationally respectable. stake in General Mininj Today it isthe fourth biggest Ffnance. Anglo Amenglotptadoeaig7 Cnoiae, sthhouse, producing 12 per cent of associate com pany, Ch' g o ld o u tp u t nd o sin g le s h a rei o ld er in 1Corporation.111 ii from~r mis r nestmn Copnrdcsmiing mhagrehold iIOther minerals This is reflected in thelocking directorships sJohannesburg Consolidated South Africa's presenInetmn ompany produces a mining magnateshodismall proportion -only 3 per mining houses. As well ascent - of gold output but has Chairman of Angto Aimebig interests in other minerals. Harry Oppenheimer is ottae black wage bill for Tebaby of the mining board of General Mining:American. houses is Anglo.TransvaalHagart is on the boaid ofConsolidated Investmenthouses - Anglo Amenoney terms they are tiny Company knownd asAnglo-e n drea week for novices and Vai - with 6 per cent ofConsolidated Investmet:,rea raer Africa production and 5 mines. It is McLean is a director ofatound workersican: and also the youngest of thehouses, American and General Mina week for novices and formed in1933.Gold reserve,earnings ranging from The peculiar structure of the:of2at JCL. ]industry is the result of its As the reserves ofgold wwageincreases are partly technological problems.From can be profitably minedisner t eathe wave of strik the beginning the openingup of shrunk, the mining houses

Slak workers; and a gold mine required largediversified into other min,an attempt to stave off amounts of capi and was aand into manufacturingis criticism. Significantly very risky process.Investment in dustry.t time the mining finance individual mines couldyield In other minerals Jcannounced black wages huge profits. but equallycould nesburg Consolidatedes on this scale was in the end in disaster. Bycontrolling vestment operates the werthofSharpeville. several mine, the miningbiggest platinum minerding to the South finance houses enabledinvestors Rustenburg, Transvaal- ioFinancial Mail to spread thf risk.Corporation controls Son Financi a s wall t The gold mines also required Africa's otherbig tmrn world invester want to African niem seep in concrete hunks in thenmine compounds aninfrastructure of research platinum mine; Anglo-Vaalwhattheir workers get. ind technological know-how a big stake inthe PriSot pay improvements wagesro the goldmines. their families and disruption of position and w0n,that needed finance on a scale copper/zinc complex.;ir interest and ours. From the 189os the mining fami life. . Over the last 50 years every thatcould not be ptovided by ]in manufacturin dtfrican wages finance houses have combined to In 1969 two thirds of black time the mining houseshave indiil mine. Union Corporation has aspush down African wage rates, miners in the gold mines came rmade small adjustments in the In tie earlydays of the in- in White's Portland Ci eal terms - that is in Early on they established the from ouside SouthAfrica: 27 Coilon bar to enable black dustry the -mining finance Anglo-Val has moved 1010 of wltat theycan buy - system of the 'maximum per per cent came from Mozam- miners to move into new oc housesattracted huge amounts automotve component lads wages on the gold mines missible average' -according bique, 24 per cent from the cupations. they have been forced of capital from overseas, inpartnership with the Br iher and possibly even to which every mining house Transkel and Ciskei. 19 percent to buy off the white miners by especially from Britain. It has Guest Keen and Netilefl haltheywereinl91l. agreed not to compete for black Irom tropical Africa; 18 per cent paying substantial wage in-born calculated that between Anglo American own, ees of white miners have labour and to keep average from Lesotho; and the rest from creases.ad93 the.gold mo Stca' hn 8bee . . .. high if n. blc w age beo a ooevl oswnSailn nohr18and 1932 the gold mines half of South Africa's bigbeenh as igh, if not black wages below a fised level. Botswana Swaziland and other Like African workersin all absorbed £200 million of capital, chemicals company AE & Cl than in any other mining At the sametime they parts of South Africa. sectors of the South African 2Omilfiono. which came from Themining financehousesyv in the world and the established centrali labour Black wages have also been economy, black minerscannot, abroad, also diversifyn overseas. Anreases given to whiter recruiting organisations the kept down by the operation of by law, join registeredtrade een paid for out of the Witwatersrand Native Labour the colour bar which reserves anions and it isillegal for them British capital o mri bhn its teoing poductivity of black Association for recruitment in skilled jobs for whites and to strike.a t

Mozambique, and the Native restricts blackkto semi-skilled As the gold miningindustry co _ t .t a971 African miners Recruiting Corporaton for and unskilled grades. Uion and withit the whole of the arter Consolidated, whie97 fia iesRcutn opoainfra Isegus po * registered inLondon. Tcover 90 per cent - or recruitment inside South Africa Under the Mines and Works SouthAfrican economy - has Aenglo Americai has int sout of417,00t)- of the - which further cut out Act of 1911, certificates of expanded, ithas been able to Britain, USA, Austraibour force on the gold competition between them. competency had to be issued to Nevertheless in1941 they obtain a much higher Canada, Zambiaand their total wage bill f".. , laou miners doing various kinds of formed an African Mineproportion of its capital Maumillion. MIvgraniL abour skilled Work. In practice these Workers Union which putrequirements from inside South Maritana.wage bill for white From".the beginning they certificates were only granted to forward a demand for abasic Africa. But it-still attracts large wio formed less than 10 depended on migrant labour- whites,wageof Sopaday. amounts of capital-from Britain. Peruofthe total labour otrce workers who signed contracts to In 1922 white miners clashed When the mininghouses In the 1950s Anglo American's S trllion more than work in the mines for 12 or 18 wish the mininghouses who rejected the demand Atrican then Chairman, Sir Ernest thatfur Africans, months. Thismeans lower wanted to upgrade black miners siners canse out on strike on Oppenheimer, told shareholdersConsolidated Gold Fieldsgap between white and labour costs for the mining into some skilled jobs; the August12 1946.74000miners in *The London money market has interests in Britain and L; earnings has been houses who donot have to ceployers planned to cut costs 13 mines stopped work. -The been - and still is- the mainAmerica and in 1969 Geti g: in 1946 it was 12.1 to provide pensions,schools, family by employing blackworkers government backed up the overseas source of funds for the Mining won a contract for hA it ws17 to 1; and in housing and other social at lower rates of pay - to do mining employers in breakingdevelopment of the South construction of a 10-n,as20.1 to 1. overheads, jobs formerly done by whites, the strike. Strikers were drivenAirican mining industry'. irrigation tunnel in Pning finance houses, - For black miners it means Under the slogan 'workers of back to work by policearmed Before the Second World War described as 'the largestradb unions and the living in conwounds fbr long the World Unite for a White with dogs and guns: morethan the gold mining industry was ternationaI construction c'frian government have periods, isolation from normal South Africa' white workers 1200 miners wereinjured and concentrated in the Transvaal, tract ever awarded to a So intedtokeep down black socialactivity, separation from fought io keep their privileged many killed, with mines strung out along theAfrican company'.is it sls gi elh oi as

Ati-Apatheid News May1973. PaIeBr itan aids Portugal i AfricaON JUNE 16 1373 a treaty was sged between Edward Ill of Egland and Fernando I of ringaL Due toFernando's mpetence and the complexacter of fourteenth centurylitics the treaty was renegedp thefollowing year,This might seem a singularly irrelevant piece of medieval story; the British government ould disagree. Thisyear large ins of money are being spent on ebrating the 600th anniersary 4 that alliance. Several eminentstitutions are involved, inudig the British Museum. the ulbenkian Foundation. the London Chamber ofConmmerce, tePublic Records Office, the BC the Anglo-Portuguese ciety and the Ministry offence.

Among the celebrationslaned are international footballtches and yacht races. Son et Lumiere shows at Lisbon's Cnent of Jeronimos. a marineidustes symposium, a state visit fthe Duke of Edinburgh to rtugal - and the whole thing culminates in Julywhen the Portuguese Prime Minister.Marcello Caetano. makes a threeday official visit to London. This i be the first time since before t fascistcoup of 1926 that a ortguese Prime Minister has coe to Britain.These celebrations are not justaig spectacle. They are part of a concerted drive to increase British ade and investment in Portugal and herAfrican territories. The Angle-Portuguese Alliance is in ful operation and what thatnes today is growing Britishsupport for Portugal's wars against the peoples of Mozambique. Angola and Guine.Military aidMilitarily Britain's aid tbPortugal is inextricably involved with the NATO alliance. Portugal wit admitted to NATO in 1949 (despiteall the protestations about the defence of demnocracy and freedom in the preamble to the NATO charter).She used the allience to build tp her military forces and when the war in Angola broke out in 1961 theNATO'assigned divisions in Portugal. armed by other NATO eountries were promptlydespatched to Africa.Since then all the equipmentavailable to Portugal through her NATO membership has ended uipin the colonial wars. despite thestipulation that NATO aid can .only be used in the 'NATO area' which does not include any of PortugueseAfrica. No protest has ever come from the British Government about Portugal's role its the NATOalliance - most British politicians have been .ontent to prOlaim piously that N ATO is quite innocent ofanynomplicit in Portugal's wars.Specific British military aid to 2 Portugal has included two frigatessupplied in 1961 ostensibly 'to meet Portugal's NATOObligations (they have since been used continuously offthe coasts of Mozambique and Angola). 150 lightaircraft (type Auster DS/I160) and 200 Austin jeeps.And the most efficient and deadly of the planes used bN the Porttsguese in Africa. the Fiat G- 91 jetbomber, was especially designed for NATO and containstBhish.built engine.British capitalPortugal was always too poor todevelop the colonies with her own capital. Instead British capital (which has been dominant inAction planned to end the Alliance0 Pass motions in your union supporting the End the Alliance campaign politically and finaneially* Organise demonstrations outside your local Portuguese consulate or a firm with in. vestments in Portugaland the colonies, especially on May 25, Africa Liberation Day and June 16, the anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance I*Mass meeting in Central Hall,Metropolitan Portugal since the mid-seventeenth century) penetrated Portuguese Africa over 50 per centof the railways in the Portuguese Colonies for example were built with British capital: tor the period 1870-1936 over half the capital invested in the colonies came from Britain.Sena SugarToday British conpanies. though now competing with other Western concerns, still have a huge stake inPortuguese Africa. Sena Sugar Estates which produces 70 per cent of Mozambique's sugar is stillBritish-owned. British interests lie behind the Sociedade Agicola doLondon: 'Southern Africa In Struggle' with Oliver Tambo, Acting President African National Congressand Marellino dos Santos, ViecPresident FRELIMO Wednesday June 20* Mass meeting- In Manchesterwith Mareellino dos Santos,Friday June 22* 'Revolution Against Portuguese Colonialism', con'ferenee at Manehester

as tax holidays and guaranteed repatriation of capital and profits. Firms operating in the colonies may,however, be required to pay a defence tax and to make lowinterest loans to the provincial government thuslending them a helping hand when the wars create linancial difficulties. Western firms find this a smallprice to pay tor guaranteed profitability.British firms are also heavily involved in nietropolitan Porugal. awhere 25 per cent of all foreigninvestment is British. The ii. trade is based on British capital. The telephones in Lisbon are British-owned.So are the tramlines Seven British factories take advantage of Portugal's lowUniversity, Marcellino dos Santos and others, Including Aquino Braganca, Basil Davidson, Ruth First,Fred Halliday, Stuart Hall, Joe Slovo, Bob Sutlliffe, John Saul and Winston Pinder June 23-24 * State visitof Maucello Cactano,Portuguese Prime Minister toBritain, July 16-190 Ask the Duke of Edinburghnot to go to Portugal on June S8Angola. officials negotiating between Portugal and the EEC, Dr. Calvert de Magalhaes, SecretaryGeneral of the Portuguese Foreign Ministry, and last March, the Portuguese Foreign Minister himself. RutPatricio.Duncan SandysRighwt-ing Tory MPs like Duncan Sandys. Ian Sproat and Patrick Wall have visited the colonies asguests of the Por tuguese. Sir Alec Douglas Home has now made two important visits to Lisbon and theBritish ambassador to Portugal, David Muirhead, has also visited the colonies recently.The policy of the ToriesWeapons captured by FRELIMO from the Portuguese: nearly all the arms Portugal uses in its colonial warsar supplied by its NATO allies.Cassequel concerned with coffee and sugar production in Angola. Tanganyika Concessions owns 90 percent of Angola's Benguela railway.British capital is involved in the banking consortium which is financing the exploitation of the Cassingairon mines in Angola. ICI through its South African associate company, AE & Cl is involved in buildingexplosive plants in both Mozambique and Angola.Some British companies profit directly from the wars- Plessey and Racal supply modern radio equipment tothe Portuguese army;, Cable and Wireless Ltd. controls the telecommunications system between Portugaland the colonies.Apart from being able to draw on a vast reserve of cheap African labour in the colonies, foreign capital inPortugal's colonies also enjoys favourable conditioms suchwages to assemble motor vehicles in the country and then re export them.United Nations'At the United Nations and in other international bodies Britain is a staunch defender of Portugal. The latestmanifestation of this was the refusal of the British government to take part in the tIN conference onapartheid and colonialism in Oslo on the flimsy grounds that Portugal and South Africa were notrrpresented.The attitude of the Tory government to Portugal was well indicated,,shortly after its 1970-election victory When it gave the Caetano regime a £5' iillion credit guarantee fbr a five year period. Sincethen there has been intense diplonatic activity between London and Lisbon.Portuguese visitors to Britain have included the Provincial Secretary for the Economy oftowards Portuguese colonialism can be graphically illustrated by comparing ithe lavish reception pat on lastyear fbr the Forrigfi Minister, Rut Patricio with the shoddy treatm-ent accorded by the Foreign Office to thelate Amiilcar Cabral. Secretary-General of PAIGC: Cabral was refused an interview on the grounds that itAould be 'inappropriate since Mr. Cabral is committed to violence against a government with whom wehave friendly relations'.New allianceAs our government draws ever closer to the coonialist dictatorship in Lisbon it becomes an increasinglyurgent task for us to disown this shameful and discedited 'oldest alliance', and to forge a neW alliancewith the peoples of Mozambique, Angola and Guine. and with the working class within Portugal itself.Prince Philip'sscheduleMay Portsmouth and

CowesMay 15 Wildfowl Trust AGM.Westminster School.London Dinner at Hyde Park Hotel.LondonMay 16 10.15 am Visit toConway, Caernarvonshire I l4S am Visit to White Fish Authority. Oyster Hatchery, Menai Straits,AngleseyDinner at Llandudno May17 10.05 am Meeting withProvost at MunicipalBuildings. Stirling10.30 am GestetnerHoldings.12.45 pm New Club,Edinburgh2.45 pm Visit to Training Centre at Livingston. WestLothian6.25 pm Reception at Western (lab.Glasgow7.45 pm Dinner at CityChambers, Glasgow May 18 10.00 am Visit toNorthsca Helicopter Base, Dye, Aberdeen 12.00 am Visit to BP oil rig. Nigg Bay, Rossand Crontarty3.45 pm Visit to Red Deer Commission.invernessMay21 5.30 pm Chelsea Show May22 10.45 am SperryRand. Bracknel.Berks2.45 pm Aldershot,.45 pm Plastic institute reception at Royal Academy,Piccadilly, London May23 3.30 pm London ZooAnnual GeneraMeeting7.45 po Dinner atQuaglino's. London May24 10.00 am GeneralPractice Unit. HealthCentre,. LlanedrynWelsh National Schoolof Medicine CardiffVisit to ChelseaBarracksMay30 Presentation ofstandards to the Household Cavalry Horseguards ParadeLondonGala dinner at Tall, ofthe Town, London May31 Presentation of 1973Design Councilawards. Sunderland8 pm Dinner at Unilever House.Blackfriars, London June I Coldstream Guards.Burton Court, Chelsea Vit to WestminsterAbbey *,Jane 2 3.30 pm Garden Partyat Dunsebrough Park.Ripley, SsrreyJune S-8 State visit to Portugal

PortugueseconsulatesThere are Portuguese consular representatives in the following centres:Abeideen IeedsBarrow Liverpool-in Furness Lndq ,Belfast L .ttroderr.Birmingham ManchesterBristol Middlesbrough(ardift NewcastleD on-TyneDunde " St. HelierLeith SouthamptonGlasgow SwaoseaHill

Guine moves to statehood"The Anti-Apartheid Movement must help to explain the dangers that: face us"- PAIlc CSILVINO DA LUZ,member of the Supreme Council for the Struggle of PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guineand the Cape Verdes), visited Britain In April. During his stay he talked to ANTI-APARTHEIDNEWS about PAIGC's policies and the prospects for the strugle In Guine.Cabrals death was felt very keenly by people in Britain and weiwould like to extend our great synpatihy to you. What do You thitk the Portuguese hoped to gain by themurder of Cabral?We k now from +he depositions of a portuguese agent who we exposed that the Portuguese * police havecalled 1973 the year ot the elimination of the liberation movements in all the colonies. They know thatour party is the base of our struggle and they thought that by murdering Cabral they could destroy ourmovement. They are racists who do not think that many people can organise our struggle. This is notbecause many of our people are illiterate but because they don't believe in .the possibility of black mendoing anything.Arraga (Portuguese Commander of the Armed Forces in Mozambique) has said that-it is not possible thatthe wars in the colonies are being led by blacks because to make war one needs intelligence. ThePortuguese, think thatpeople like Cabral and Mondlane are special cases and that by eliminating them theycan destroy our movements. It is not worth saying that this is an error..What wilt PAIGC do next?We are going on with all the plans that were outlined before the death of Cabral. Everything is going ahead.The exitence of our State will be proclaimed. The National Assembly, to which deputies have beenelected, will meet soon. Our constitution will be presented to the popular will for approval. We think thatall this will be done before the end of the year.Far from disintegrating, as the Portuguese hoped, our party is continuing the same as before. The proof thatwe are notdisorganised is that our former Assistant Secretary General, Aristides Pereira, is now Secretary General.Why did PAIGC decide to take up arms?We did not begin fightiig because we like war. We did it because it was the only way the Portuguese leftus, In Guine, Angola and Mozambique strikes and all other peaceful methods of trying to get thePortuguese to talk to us were met with assassinations and increased police repression. We could notallow our people to be uselessly murdered and therefore we launched the armed struggle. We make warin order to win peace.From a military point of view" we are winning many victories. The Portuguese communiques make manyfalse claims saying how many they have killed. We have a small population and if one adds together all thenumbers they say have been killed since the beginning of the struggle there would be no-one left..1o, caIii i-ph* t Bribaion and other Western countries support tour struggle?A lot more can 'be done in

Britain. In all the Portuguese colonies there are now large liberated zones and we speak of the existenceof a state in the sense that we control a large part of the people and the territory. The struggle is taking anew direction ind this could make the Portuguese respond in an even more negative way.We think that the AntiApartheid Movement can help to explain to our friends in the wvorld the dangersthat face us. It can support us by informing our friends so that they can take measures that will help us asmuch as-possible, for example, by bringing pressure on the government here to recognise the existenceof our state. We think that this is very important.We are poor, we are involved in along struggle and sometimes our expen es are way above ourcapabilities.-Our struggle means that we need aid from everywhere in the world.What do you think of the recent elections held by the Portuguese in the colonies and their plaos to gruntmore 'autonony' to the colonies?We know that some Africans, Africans in origin only and not in thoughts, will co-operate with stoogebodies set up by the Portuguese. In no way are they the people of Angola and Mozambique they aretraitors to the interests of our peoples. We don't heileve in the self-determination spoken of by thePortuguese. The people of Angola, Mocambique and Guine gained selfdetermination the momentthey took up arms to fight for their independence.What is the relation between your struggle and the struggle in the other Portuguese colonies and lie sight initi, s ol .Soichen AIr"ia.?.the'dangersthat-fac -us"-PAICYCWe cannot separate ourstruggle from the fight of our brothers in other parts of the world and especially in other parts of Africa.Apartheid exists in South Africa as an established system: but the Portuguese are also racists like the SouthAfricans and they have a system of camouflaged apartheid. The situation in the countries of SouthernAfrica developed differently. In South Africa the Afrikaners came to power: today in Angola andMozambique the white man is trying to do the samething.Jets downedby PAIGCmissilesPAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guine and the Cape Verdes) has shot down six Portugueseplanes since the end of March. They are four Fiat-91 jet bombers, one reconnaissance plane and oneordinary bomber. According to PAIGC only 8 Fiat bombers remain in Guine and none of them is beingused on bombing missions. The Portuguese have admitted theloss ofithree aircraft and claim that one Fiatwas shot down by ground-to-air missiles. It is impossible to shoot down Fiat bombers with 'conventional'artillery and it is clear that PAIGC is now equipped with portable vrOund to-air missiles the first time thatthese have been used in Africa.One of the dowrned jets was flown by Portugal's top Pilot, Lieutenant-Colonel Almeida Brito.According to the Daily Telegraph 'his death is causing profound repercussionsthroughout the armed forces both because of his rank and the advent of a challenge to Petrtugal's absolutecontrol of the air war.PAIGC has compiled a full record of all military operations undertaken. since the death -of Amilcar Cabral:offensives have taken place in every region and on an unprecedented scale.UK envoyvisits GuinTHE BRITISH Ambassador to Portugal, Mr. David Muirhead, visited Guine during March. He describedhis visit as 'absorbing and rewarding'.He is the highest-ranking officer to visit Guine since the war between PAIGC and the Portuguese began in1963. He has previously made extensive tours of Angola and Mozambique.Elections area farce -MPLA* MPLA (People's Movement for the Liberdtion of Angola) has described elections held by the Portuguesein March for an Legislative Assembly and a Consultative Council as a n 'electoral farce',Only literate Portuguese citizens were eligible to stand in the elections: 90 per centof Angolans areilliterate.FRELIMO APPEAL~Materials

needed inliberatedareasDANIEL BANZE is the Deputy Director of the Mozambique Institute, set up by FRELIMO to raise fundsand coordinate supplies of the many things that FRELIMO needs in its work of reconstruction inMozambique's liberated areas.On a visit to London last month he explained the problems whic the Institute faces in maintaining essentialsupplies and how wellwishers overseas can help.The Institute servicesFRELIMO's medical and school systems and its programmes for improved social elfare and production.It collects medicines, educational materials, clothing and provides technical assistane to help improveyields and in. troduce new crops.Daniel Banze does not pretend that FRELIMO can transform the life of people in the liberated ,areasovernight. He says that the work of social reconstruction is slower than FRELIMO's military progress.'There is a need to be well-equipped materially and therefore there are difficulties.'In many areas for example, the Portuguese have bombed and destroyed crops and then the Institute mustbe able to provide emergency food supplies.FRELIMO always makes sure that people know where help is coming from. 'When we receive material aid,we tell people that friends in Britain, West Germany and the USA are supporting our struggle. We makesure that our people know that is strong support for them outside Mozambique'.The Institute's most urgent needs include" emergency foodstuffs such asdried milk, glucose sweets andtinned food" medicines and hospitalequipment of all kinds from bandages to anti-biotics tospecialised medicines" tarming implements likepangas and hoes and everyday household equipmet such askettles, teapots and plates* educatiomal materils,especially pencils and paper* clothing and blanketsDaniel Banze says that there is no limit to the amount of food that the Institute needs. One of its priorities ito provide extra

Anti-Apartheid News May 1973. Page 10New party a threat to Smith9HOW WILL whites in Rhodesia react to Smith's failure to reach a settlement and to the mounting guerrillathreat? How important is the new Rhodesia Party? TIM MATTHEWS analyses recent developments inwhite politics.THE PUBLICITY surrounding the secret trial and hard labour sentence on journalist Peter Niesewand hashad a very interesting affect. It appears to have guinely outraged the House of Comnons and led to a rathersurprising reassertion of the fifth principle by Heath.Sicening as it is to see the attention of the 'free' world focussed once again on a white victim of Ian Smithwhile Africans are jailed, detained. hanged and even beaten to death without a quarter of the publicity andusually without even their names being reported, it is nevertheless encouraging to see the illegal regime'sclumsy tactics resulting i the only sort of actions that convince British public opinion that Rhodesia is infact a police state sustained only by savage repression and ruthless censorship.What is particularly interesting now is that, in the face of the most successful of all guerrilla campais inrecenit years, which the regime has so far been unable to contain, Smith and lis henchmen appear to havebeen so corrupted by the use of their dictatorial powers and the lack of any opposition from within thewhite community that they are incapable of recognising the helpful suggesons (from' the point of view ofmaintaining white rule) that come from erstwhile supporters and allies.Unsavoury

At least this seems to account for their attempt to unseat Alan Savory, the sole (ex-Rhodesia Front)Rhodesia Party MP and for the general panicky reaction of theRhodesia Front to their new rivalThe Rhodesia Party is at least the second attempt of the exUnited Federal Party Dr. Morris Hirsch to makea come-back inRhodesian politics. The ideas behind it are more or less identical to those of Hirch's other abortive parties:a common voters roll on a high enough property qualification to effectively keep 99.9 per cent of Africans(and some whites) unenfranchised and the controlled partialdesgrgation of public places. Significantly, the new party also pledges a return to parliamentiry decisionmaking and an end to rule by ministerial deer" - an increasing feature of Rhodesia Front government.SecuirityWhat is really new aboutit is itt ability to attract large crowds to its meetings, largely because of ils well-timed concern with the regime's handling of the security situation. Its slogan, 'The Rhodesia Party - ifyou're planning to stay', and, Alan Savory's criticisms of the regime's collective fines on tribesmensuspected of assisting freedom fighters, are directed, in the best tradition of white Rhodesian politics,towards playing on the fears ofthe electorate.EnlightenedDoes Smith, or more importantly the struggling African people, haveanything to fear from this new partywith its message of enlightened 'baaskop' and emphasis on maintaining the tenuous alliance with thosesections of the African population- the African police, soldiers, capitalists, and civil servants who still do not perceive their interests beingserved by support for the guerrillas?It seems unlikely. Despite obvious signs that Smith is losing his grip, the same fear that the RhodesiaParty is trying to exploit will surely, in the last analysis, bebroadcasting media, enormous powers of censorship, and the very easy manipulation of the atmosphereof rumour in the white society, Smith can hardly lose, at least electoraly. If the freedom fighters continuetheir successes and Smith proves unable to deal with the situation, a much stronger possibility would bea cabinet coup like the one that brought him into office. General elections almost never changegovernments in times of war ani national crisis.Fortunately we are always able to count on the political stupidity of the settlers, But for that there wouldhave been no UDI, nosanctions, and certainly no Rhodesia Front, as Dr, Hirsch and his friends have always realised, Thisstupidity,represented by Smith, has once again saved the day for the progressive people of Zimbabwe, in the form ofthe regime's rejection of talks with Bishop Muzorewa 'Saved the day' since, although we applaud the ANC'srole in the Pearce Commission exercise and in reawakening national consciousness the Bishop has nowrevealed that the ANC's proposals, according to the Times 'fall short of one man one vote',SacrificedIf this is true and the political rights of Africans are going to be gratuitously sacrificed before thesconterence table has even been reached, we have even greater cause to rejoice in the settler's stupidity in,rejecting the ANC'sovertures, although at the same time mourningthat of the ANC in making them on such terms. One manone vote is surely a minimum demand, for what peoples party can expect support from those for whom it isnot prepared to claim a vote?But the mood of the people seems to be determinedly behind the guerrillas. On a recent BBC Panoramafilm, an African soldier asked villagers if they had seen any 'terrorists'. A woman replied that she had afew weeks previously. This conversation was in Shouna, We were then shown the same soldier reportingto his white officer that nobody had seen any 'terrorists' in the vicinity. Clearly the co-operation the repimethinks it is getting from Africans is actually breaking down. So too are the last vestigc, of its intelligencesince the film appeared to be one of their own propaganda films.Zapu and Zanuform united frontZAPU (Zimbabwe African Military Command would bePeople's Union) and ZANU strengthened and made more( Zimbabwe African National effective.Union) have reached a new He stressed that the 'prime

a reement on the formation of a responsibility in the struggle for frotedfrnt. self-determinationfor ZimbabweAt a special OAU meeting in rests with the people of the Lusaka the two liberation country'.movements agreed to set up a Herbert Chitepo, ActingPolitical Committee of Zimbabwe President of ZANU said: 'Our to deal with political matters and firstpriority is to ensure that the to revive their joint Military fighting which has led to panic Command.and to the international crisisIn a statement issued on between Zambia and Rhodetia Zimbabwe Day, March 17, must not beallowed to subside'.Stephen Nkomo, ZAPU He said that nothing must beRepresentative in Algeria, said allowed to interfere with the that the ZAPU-ZANU Joint offensive.Wankie-why427diedTHlE COMMISSION of Inquiry ment department responsible forinto the Wankie Colliery disaster mine safety. 'The failure to do so has riticised the WANKIEconstituted a serious breach ofColliey Company and a govern- dutyon the part ofthe mine'. ment department for con- TheCommission added: 'Thetravening safety regulations. Chief Government Mining 427 men died in Wankie's Engineer andcertain members ofNupber 2 mine on June 6 last his department were not aware year.The Commission said that thatreportable quantities of fiv ye before the disaster methane were being detected at traces of methane gasin the mine Number 2 CoW tory. For this state were net reported to the govern- of ignorance they werepartly to blame'.Niesewand : pressmen protestJack Halpern writes:THE SMITH regime's arbitary detention and secret trial of journalist Peter Niesewand evoked a swift -and angry response from the National Union of Journalists. Strong protests have come, too, from theCommonwealth Press Union's press freedom committee, from the Guild of British Newspaper Editors,from the Institute of Journalists and from the International Federation of Journalists.Immediately followingNiesewand's detention, the General Secretary of the NUJ, Ken Morgan, sent a telegram to Ian Smithcalling foe Niesewand's immediate release or trial on specific cherges. The NUJ also called on Sir AlecDoLglas-Home to press for Niesewand's immediate release.,The Press and Public Relations branch of the NUJ sent the following protest telegram to Ian Smith: 'Pressand PR Branch of NUJ strongly condemns detention ofjor ealist Peter Nissewand. We demand that he andall other detained journalists be tried in open court. Otherwise your action confirms destruction of pressfreedom'.The reference to 'other detained journalists' was made to draw attention to African jour-nalists like Willie Masururwa who .has been arbitrarily detained for over seven years.The Union's Radio and TV Council has also called on the government 'to accept their legal responsibilitiesover the people of Rhodesia and to ensure the immediate release of Peter Niesewand'.A Niesewand Defence and Aid Fund was started by the Press and PR Branch of the NUJ and has beenwarmly endorsed by the union's National Executive. It decided to donate £200The sentence of two years hard labour imposed on Peter Niesewand after a secret trial aroused a furtherflood of pretest from British and international journalistic bodies.The Commonwealth Press Union Prets Freedom Committre's Chairman DonaldTyerman sent a telegram to Ian Smith condemning PeterNiesewand's tirjiisonment. It said: 'This isa delherate denial of fundamental human rights and press freombyhe Rhodesian Governmnt'.NUJ General Secretary. Ken Morgan, eommented: 'The NUJ and journalists throughout the world wil beappalled that Peter Niesewand has been convicted and ham hlysetenced'.The General Secretary of the Institute of Journalists, BobFarmer, said that he wrote 'to express the deep concern of the Institute of Journalists at the circumstancesof PeterNiesewand's conviction and sentence'.

The Guild of British Newspaper Editors also sent a protest telegram to Salisbury. It described thesentence as 'a negation of democracy and interference with the freedom of the press'.Bishop asks'Stop hangingsTHE ROMAN Catholic Bishop of Umtali. Donald Lamont, hs appealed to the Smith regime to commutedeath sentences on all men now awaiting execution in Rhodesia, especially the stx men recently sentencedfor their part in the guerrilla fihiting.The bishop said that army and police strocities hal alienated the masses of the African population from theregime and that their 'supreme and memorable achievement bas been to unite them as never befoe andto produce a new iri t of resistanceabroad can Rhodes i fforsucaffetdis sirtitbarbaric triumphalism which execution by hanging involves?'

And-Apartheld News Ma, l9iConference call-s forisolation Of white regimesTHE INTERNATIONALConference of Experts for the Support of Victims of Colonialism and Apartheid, held in Oslo, April 9-13.called for the further isolation of the white minority regimes of Southern Africa. The conference Wascalled' by the UN and the Organisation of African Unity and was attended by representatives of more than50 countries, UN agencies and Southern African liberation movements.I ndividual experts included Abdul Minty, Hon. Secretary of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, Tony ,Gifford,Chairman of the Committee for Freedom inMozambique, Angola and Guine, Canon L. John Collins, President of the International Defence and AidFund, Baldwin Sjollema of the WCC and Sietse Bosgra from the Dutch Angola Committee.Britain, France and the US refused to attend the conference.Oliver Tambo, ActingPresident of the African National Congress of South Africa, speaking on behalf of all the SouthernAfrican liberation movements, asked the conference to discuss the practical measures and materialassistance that the world community was prepared to give the liberation movements.He said that the conference 'should set up direct links between governments and the liberation movementsand that the movements should be observers in all discussions at the UN and its agencies.Vasco Cabral, Deputy General Secretary of PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guine and theCape Verdes) thanked the- conferepce for tributes paid to Amilcar Cabral and said that the unity ofPAIGC would guarantee that Cabral's plans were carried out.He said that he hoped that all the nations of the world and international-organisations would recognise theexistence of the free state ofGuine.Salim A, Salim, Chairman of the UN Special Committee on Decolonization and Tanzanian Ambassador tothe UN, said that the grave situation 'in Southern Africa and the Portuguese territories was a threat toworld peace and security.Ambassador " E. Ogbu,Chairman of the UN SpecialCommittee on Apartheid and Nigeria's Ambassador to the UN said that a UN strategy for SouthernAfrica must develop as a complement to the liberation strugglePaul Lusaka, President of the UN Council for Namnibia asked States to recognise the Conch as the solebody which represented Namibia. He called for the closure of all consulates in the territory, for the increaseof moral and material support to the liberation movement and the refusal by all trade unions to handlegoods shipped in and out ofNamibia.The following are extracts fromthe Programme of Action adopted by the conference.GeneralAssessmentParticipants at the UN/OAU Conference of Experts for the Support of Victims of Colonialism andApartheid in Southern Africa, held in Oslo from April 9 tl 14 1973, share the grave concern of theinternational community about the present situation in South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Angola,Mozambique, Guinea (Bissau) and Cape Verde.

The people of these territories are carrying forward their struggle for freedom and independence throughnew victories' on an unprecedented scale and intensity. In all quarters of the world, andin growing numbers,freedom-loving states and peoples stand together in support of that struggle.Yet the colonial and -apartheid regimes of Lisbon, Pretoria and Salisbury remain stubbornly determined tomaintain their domination. Their response to the peoples' struggle is to desperately perpetrate more savagerepression and warfare. They also carry out acts of aggression against independent African States. Theseregimes are sustained only by the collaboration of certain governments and major economic interests,without whose aid they would he impotent.The struggle of the peoples of these territories Is entirely just and legitimate, requiring the support of theworld community. The liberation movements which lead that struggle are the authentic representatives oftheir people, requiring full international recognition.It is thus the solemn duty of international organizations, governments and- peoples to accelerate theisolation of the colonial and apartheid regimes and channel massive assistance to the liberation movements.For it is the liberation movements which are leading the struggle.The proposals emanating from the UN/OAU Oslo Conference on Southern Africa require the most seriousand urgent consideration from the United Nations; the OAU, Goyernments.organizations and peoples of the world. They form a programme of action for concerted internationalefforts to hasten the eradication of the scourge of colonialism and apartheid, thereby promotinginternational peace and security.South AfricaThe policy ofapartheid which is a crime against humanity, a flagrant violation of the principles of theUnited Nations and a massive and ruthless denial of human rights constitutes a threat to peace. It amountsto a serious and grave threat to the peace and security of Africa and the wodd because of the following:0 South Africa's central role inhelping to maintain and4 its continued illegal occupationof the intemational territory ofNamibhia;* the deliberate and systematicviolation of international mandatory sanctions againstRhodesia;* the illegal intervention of itsarmed units in defence of the racist minority Smith regime; ** its military intervention inAngola and Mozambique;9 its military build-up -andthreatening posture towards therest of the Comstinent.The 'United Nations should adopt a programme of international economic and other mandatory sanctionsto counteract the growing aggressive role of South Africa and ask the States to provide material and moralsupport to the Liberation Movement.The collaborative role of intemational investment trade and other relations should be exposed and the falseclaim that such supportive links can act as agents for change be condemned and rejected. Investigations andstudy of these links should take place with full consultationt of the Liberation Movement.Investments should be withdrawn; all new investmentprogrammes should be stopped; no loans or any other assistance should be provided either to the whiteregime or to corporations operating in South Africa.All economic and scientific support of, collaboration with, and assistance to South Africa, in particularby:" terminating the purchase ofgold;" terminating the purchase ofplatinum and other minerals; " discontinuing all scientificcollaboration, in particularnuclear cooperation; and* refusing to grant patents and

licenses to the South African government and its institutions, as well as corporations and other bodieswhich operatethere.The flow of immigrants should be stopped; States should prohibit special recruitin$ organizations tooperate in their countries and prevent or at lealt dissuade their citizens from migrating to South Africa.The EEC should end all special terms and concessions already; granted to South Africa and undertake tohave no further dealings with its mission and its regime and pledge that it will not enter into any specialagreements or arrangements with South Africa in the future.The Simonstown Agreementsgeria, Chairman of the UN Special Committee on n of the Committee of 24 at the opening session ~Ap 9~-13 iwith Britain should be terminated and no military arrangements should be made by States with SouthAfrica.ZimbabweAll International forces including Governments and nongovernmental organizations committed to theelimination of colonialism and the threat it poses to international peace in Southern Africa should mobilizepopular support and give all out moral, political and material support to the liberation movement ofZimbabwe.tThe Liberation Movement in Zimbabwe should be recgnized as the sole and authenticrepresentative of the people of Zimbabwe* No office representing or providing services for the racist regime in Rhodesia in any manner anywhere inthe world should be perjnitted by the country concerned to establish or operate.The United Nations should call up on all States to effectively enforce sanctions by: " the imposition of ablockadeagainst South Africa and the Portuguese dominatedTerritory ofMoambique;" taking measures against indimidual emigrating, or visiting as tourists, Southern Rhodesia. suchmeasures to include the withdrawal of passports and legalprosecutions.All possible support to be rendered to Zambia as the frontline state bearing the economic and militaryburden of the international threat from the racist regime of Southern Rhodesia, South Africa and Portugal.Portuguese ColoniesSupport should be given to the liberation movements recognized by OAU to enable them to carry on theirarmed struggle for national liberation.A call should be made for an international embargo by.the UN against Portugal on the supply of all armsand military material, including civil aircraft, ships and other means of transport, capable of being used fortransporting military material and personnef, and thus enabling Portugal to continue its. colonial wars.NATO countries which refuse to supply arms to Portugal should take joint action within the NATOCouncil of Ministers to bring to an end the support for Portugal's colonial wars.Any collaboration with Portugal in the Cabora Bassa and Cunene River projects should cease and concreteaction should be taken to ensure the abandonment of these projects.Any negotiations on of the territories shou held with the represe the national liberation recognized by theOrgs African Unity.Governmental aagreements mc e ny toe tn . the former EFTA countries w Portugal should be discontinuoNamibiaSWAPO. being the liberal movement of Namibia, recogni by the Organization of Afrit Unity, should beaccorded propriate recognition as I authentic representative of people of Namibia.Accordingly, there should be active commitment by bodies to channel all aid financial, material orotherwise for Namibia through SWAPO.No contacts, dialogues negotiations should be conduc with South Africa except arrange for the immedi,transfer of power in accordai with the provisions of Gene Assembly resolution 2145 (XXlIAll governments should i mediately close their consulal whether ordinary or honorary, Namibla.The Council should m; representations to the EEC refrain from contacts negotiations with South Aftwhile South Africa' purports negotiate, or negotiates in fact, Namibia.States should prevent tk nationals from investing in trading with Namibia unt South Africa's occupation.

African states should implem, OAU resolution 269 (XIXup L 1972, Rabat) by applying presso against anycompany operating Namibia which has imporsconmerence, incuolnj representatives, organised by the

"Southern Africa in Struggle:Uberation Movement Leaders Speak"Oliver Tanbo, Acting PresidentAfrican National Congress (South Africa)Marcellino dos Santos, Vice President FRELIMO (Mozambique Liberation Front) and other speakersCentral Hall, WestminsterWednesday June 20Entrance 10p; tickets available Urganised jointly by Anti-Apartheid Movement 89 Charlotte St,LondonW.1. Tel. 01-580 5311 and Committee for Freedom in Mozambique, Angola and Guihe, 12 Little NewportSt., London W.l.Tel: 01-734 9541.The Worker and ApartheidA conference organized by the Ruskin Kitson Committee and the Trade Union Defence Committee.Saturday 19 May 1973 Ruskin College OxfordInvitations are cordially extended to all trade unionists, especially from plants whose owners are involvedin South Africa. For the conference to achieve its objects it is essential that rank and file members take partin addition to sympathetic leaders.For more information contact Kitson Committee, Ruskin College, Oxford.Public MeetingSpeakers: Joel Carlson Michael Foot MPAbdul Minty Chairman: John EnnalsCentral Collegiate Theatre,Gordon St., London W.C.1.7.30 pm Thursday May 31Joel Carlson will also speak at meetings in Manchester on June 7 and Birmingham on June Further details:Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St., London W.1. Tel: 01-580 5311Namibia DayPicket at Rio Tinto-Zinc, St. James Square, London S.W.1.FridayJune 1 1230-2pmLow Cos Sc edue FistoArc 7CotatIsy iat 01-4612in, the Anti-Apartheid Movemient..ive ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS and regular information on antitheid activities.4E ................ ........ ... I........................H. .............. . .. ............)RES S ........................... ............... .................................................. -. ... . . ... ... ......... ....- .................... ....... . ......... , ..... . ........ ... ..INE ........................................................... . . ...ibership: f2 pa; £1 students; 50p old age pensioners ation: f£O student unions; £Snational organisations; .£2localPHOTOCRAFT HampsteadLtd.4 Heath St., London N.W.3. Tel: 01-435 9932 photographic dealers and photographePsThe Fight forZimbabwe: theArmed Conflict in Southern " Rhodesia since UDI.30p plus 10p postage. Available from Kees Maxey, 48 St. Thomas Rd.. Srentwood, Essex.Second Annual Trade Union conference on suhrn Africa. R eport seaila fromt AntiApartheid Movememt,89 Charlotte Street, London WI, ~Price5p.SURREY Anti-Apartheid iovemet AGM. 8 pn Wodneeday Juno 13. Friends Meeting Hoes , 10 CedarRd., Sutton. Two delegates from ach branch AAM members in the Surrey are who are not membres of alocal branch are welcome.MURDER MAN/If I Did - John

Otway and Wild Willie Barretn. Issued by Track Re:ords and produced by Pete Townshend forCommunity Music. 50 per cent of the profits wIll he donated to SWAPO asd 50 per cent to Commnity aidprojects.NEWSBRIEF RHODESIA '73.Monthly bulletin published by the African Bureau for the 1973 Iustice for Rhodesia Campign. Availablefrom Africa Bureau. 48 3raflon Wuy, Londos W.I.REPAIRS to lighting, heeting, windows, locks. plumbing, wiring, doors etc. Free or almost free.Community Engineers, 146 Gt. Wstern Rd., Londo WI. Tel. O229 7538; emergencies 01-229 0302.END THE ALLIANCE campaign materal. Leaflets £250 per 10O. Posters lp each. CFMAG, 12 Litt],NewportSt.. London W.I. Tel. 01-734 9541.RISING FREE Mall order and bulkdisteihutios of left books, pamphlets and newspapers. 197 King's CrossRd., LondonW.C.IDOC BULLETIN. Itidepfndentintrnational, tra ousconfessional monthly bulletin of texts addoromettation on the Christian churches and soin,-politieul justice. In recent sumbers -- Frenchchurches disamament prposuls; the unprublished memornudow; Protestant missions as seen by the Asgolangovernment Israel and South Atrica 1948 1972; the development of links; blood bath in Brazil. Annual s_sriptio: to a First wod c.untry $20; to a Third World country. $10. For fe specimen copy, write: IDOC,30 Via S. Maria del1Anima, 00186 Rome, ItalyPEACE NEWS - e-ery Friday Sp. For information onradical non violence and pacifism in tIe'ory and practice: analyses of oppressios; new of actions andstrategies for radic sovial change on al levels. From: Caledonian Road, London N.ROADRUN NER forpolitical/spiritual revolution. 8p monthly. ubsteriptiont: £l.25 for 12 issues 6S for 6. Frosm 28 BrudercttsRd.. Manchester 21. Tel: Manchester 881 10477.SOCIALIST LEADER the papethat consistently attacks apartheid and gives support to the revolutionary struggle in Southern Africa. Alsonews and comment on all iropaosat events both at home an abroad. 3p weekly or £1.87 a year rom 197Kings Cross Rd., LondOn WC X 9DB BENEFII Conert: Jo'bnrg H-awk. Mayt 2 Ipm. Alcuin College.tiniverity i Ysrk,. All ,elcons . lrocecds to African National ("ngrcss ol" 5stt Africa. Tickets row'tludants Union, Alcuin College. I iniversity at" Yornk, York.THIRD WORLD FIRSTis looking for two field officers for theacademic year1973/4, to start work in the late summer. Field officers work both to expand and improve 3W1's ownprogramme ofeducation about the Third World, and in supportof camp iorganised TYuniversity and college groups throughoutthe c o u n t r .Maximum age 28.For further details wite to: Fl Houtstont, P.O. Box 59, Oxford, orringOford 58725. ClosingdaeMy7.-