“Moving towards Gender Sensitisation of Trade...

“Moving towards GenderSensitisation of Trade Policy”

Organised and Serviced by:

UNCTAD under the Project

“Strategies and Preparedness for Trade and Globalisation in India” of UNCTAD, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Government of India) and United Kingdom’s

Department for International Development

New Delhi, India, 25–27 February 2008

Report of the International Conference

UNCTAD/DITC/TNCD/2008/2

Copyright UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT

Designed and Printed by: Macro Graphics Pvt. Ltd. www.macrographics.com

I Background ................................................................................................................................................................1

II Inauguration ..............................................................................................................................................................2

III Programme .................................................................................................................................................................3

IV Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................................................................4

(A) Conclusions—Enhancing win-win outcomes for gender, trade and development .................4

(B) Recommendations—Empowering women and their contribution ...............................................7 to trade and development

ANNEXESI Inaugural Address of Ms. Meira Kumar, Minister for ................................................................................. 13

Social Justice and Empowerment

II Statement by Dr. Supachai Panitchpakdi, Secretary-General of UNCTAD ....................................... 15

III Statement by Mr. G.K. Pillai, Commerce Secretary, Government of India ........................................ 18

IV Statement by Mr. Abhijit Das, Deputy Project Coordinator and Officer in Charge ....................... 19 UNCTAD India Progarmme

V Statement by Mr. Chris Murgatroyd, Head Resources and Senior ...................................................... 21 Governance Advisor, DFID India

VI Statement by Ms. Nandita Das, Film Actress and Director ..................................................................... 22

VII Statement by Ms. Nafisa Ali, Film Actress, Social Activist and............................................................... 23 Chairperson of the Children’s Film Society

VIII Conference Programme...................................................................................................................................... 24

IX List of Participants................................................................................................................................................. 28

Contents

BackgroundIThe international conference on “Moving

towards gender sensitisation of trade policy” took place in New Delhi, India, 25–27 February 2008. It provided a forum for Indian and international trade and gender experts to (a) discuss trade performance and gender linkages in India and globally, in the context of globalisation; and (b) propose actions and directions towards enhanced and more effective gender sensitisation of trade policy, with particular reference to India and generally to developing countries.

The conference was organised and serviced by UNCTAD under the project “Strategies and Preparedness for Trade and Globalisation in India” of UNCTAD, the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Government of India) and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID). It falls within the project’s efforts and that of the three collaborating partners to promote pro-poor approaches to trade and development in India and globally in an era of rapid globalisation.

The meeting was attended by about 194 participants from India and abroad, including policymakers, academia, civil society, private sector, international organisations and media. The list of participants is attached as annex IX.

Several papers were discussed at the conference. The list is attached as annex VIII, together with the programme. Evidence from these empirical research and policy analyses provides a comprehensive overview and new thinking on trade and gender issues in India at the sectoral, regional and national level, as well as globally, with a view to mainstreaming gender into trade policy and trade agreements. These papers will be consolidated into a publication and released at a later date by the UNCTAD/DFID/India project.

In an innovative effort to raise awareness and disseminate findings of empirical analysis to a wider audience, four documentary films were produced on women in trade in India for the conference, under contract from the UNCTAD/DFID/India project, by Mr. Ajay Shetty and Mrs. Ansuya Vaidya of SaaReeGaa Productions (New Delhi). These documentaries were entitled: (a) Karmayogini:1 The Indian Women Worker in the Age of Globalisation (1 hour); (b) Karmayogini: Threads of Silk and Gold (30 minutes); (c) Karmayogini: Village of Looms (30 minutes); and (d) Karmayogini: Gold of the Sea (30 minutes). The documentaries will be disseminated via media outlets throughout India and at international events to raise awareness on women’s contribution to trade in India.

1 Karamyogini is a Hindi word that denotes a person who thinks that his or her destiny is to keep working.

InaugurationIIThe conference was inaugurated by Honourable

Mrs. Meira Kumar, Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India; Dr. Supachai Panitchpakdi, Secretary-General of UNCTAD; and Mr. G.K. Pillai, Commerce Secretary, Department of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. Also in attendance at the inauguration were Mrs. Lakshmi Puri, Acting Deputy Secretary-General of UNCTAD; Mr. Abhijit Das, Officer in Charge, UNCTAD India Project; Mr. Chris Murgatroyd, DFID India; Ms. Nafisa Ali, actress and Chairperson, Children’s Film Society of India; and Ms. Nandita Das, actress and Director.

Mrs. Kumar urged stakeholders to work together so that trade policy outcomes could promote women empowerment and in turn stimulate trade. She said that women’s empowerment is a process in which women gain a greater share of control over material, human and intellectual resources, resulting in greater voice and participation in decision-making in the home, community, society and nation. Her statement is attached as annex I.

Dr. Supachai stressed that gender equality was enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and one of the Millennium Development Goals. He noted that the association between trade performance and women empowerment could be positive, but it cannot be assumed to be either automatic or generalised. Actions at the national and the international level that mainstreamed gender considerations into trade policy and trade agreements are required to make trade bring development gains to women, their families, the industries in which they are employed, and their country. His statement is attached as annex II.

Mr. Pillai said that the new Foreign Trade Policy of India, to be announced in April 2008, would contain specific gender-sensitive aspects. This was a novel element, as past policies did not contain gender

sensitive issues. These would include incentives and schemes for women engaged in export and import activities, including women entrepreneurs and exporters. His statement is attached as annex III.

Introductory remarks were made by Mr. Abhijit Das (annex IV).

Mr. Chris Murgatroyd said that DFID is committed to focusing on women’s empowerment within its broad approach to eradicating poverty. It stressed improvement in the social status of women and girls through employment in the labour market, and their access to important services such as health and education, he said. In regard to trade, a strong theme of DFID was ensuring endeavours aimed at mainstreaming of women, particularly poor women, into core economic activities to realise development benefits. His statement is attached as annex V.

During the inaugural session, celebrity guests Ms. Nandita Das and Ms. Nafisa Ali released the four documentary films on women in trade in India. Ms. Das stressed the need to engage in practical activities with concerned stakeholders—women—to improve their livelihood and to avoid tokenism (see annex VI). Gender sensitisation should be a normal effort in a complex world of globalisation with its challenges and opportunities. Ms. Ali said that the documentary films were important as they would carry messages on gender sensitisation to a wider audience more effectively (see annex VII). These should be featured in prime time media to include local vernacular to reach out to the grassroots level. In fact, bringing gender equity at the grassroots level deserved attention. Women tended to work harder than men and have immense creativity, she said. Thus, harnessing their capacity for trade and development was for the benefit of all. There was a brief projection of the documentaries.

Ms. Rini Khanna was the Master of Ceremonies for the inaugural session.

ProgrammeIIIThe Conference programme contained the

following sessions:

Inauguration;

Gender and international trade: Opportunities and concerns;

Women in trade: Journey to success;

Sector-specific gender dimensions of international trade: Fisheries, handicrafts and services;

Trade and gender: Experiences of other countries and regions;

Mainstreaming of gender in trade negotiations: Voices from policy makers and gender experts; and

Conclusion

The technical sessions of the workshop were chaired by Mrs. Lakshmi Puri (UNCTAD); Dr. Kiran Chadha (Government of India); Mr. Anand S. Bhal (Department for International Development—India); Ms. Deborah McGurk (Department for International Development–India); and Mr. Bonapas Onguglo (UNCTAD).

Presentations and discussions on various sessions were made by: Mr. Abhijit Das (UNCTAD India Project); Dr. Shahid Ahmed (UNCTAD India Project); Dr. K. P. Sunny (National Productivity Council, India); Mrs. Rama Devi (Association of Lady Entrepreneurs of Andhra Pradesh, India); Mrs. Archana Bhatanagar (Mahakaushal Association of Women Entrepreneurs, India); Dr. Mansi Mishra (Centre for Social Research, India); Mr. Sanjeev Vasudev (Strategy Technology & Delivery for

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Development Consulting Pvt. Ltd, India); Dr. Rashmi Banga (UNCTAD India Project); Ms. Jacqueline Maleko (Government of the United Republic of Tanzania); Ms. Hameda Deaat (South Africa, Third world Network); Ms. Marzia Fontana (Institute of Development Studies, United Kingdom); Dr. Indira Hirway (Centre for Development Alternatives, India); Dr. Swapna Mukhopadhyay (National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, India); Ms. Yumiko Yamamoto (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Sri Lanka); Dr. Selim Raihan (University of Dhaka, Bangladesh); Dr. Mohammad A. Razzaque (Commonwealth secretariat); Dr. Günseli Berik (University of Utah, United States); Dr. Karin Ulmer(Association of World Council of Churches Related Development Organisations in Europe), Belgium); Dr. Lanyan Chen (Tianjin Normal University of China, China); Professor Shirin Rai (University of Warwick, UK); Mrs. Appolonia Mugumbya (East African Energy Technology Development Network, Uganda); Dr. Yassine Fall (UNDP); Ms. Rezani Aziz (Women’s Chamber of Commerce & Industry, Sri Lanka); Dr. Safdar Sohail (D.G. Foreign Trade Institute of Pakistan, Pakistan), and Mr. Md. Osman Goni Talukder, (Government of Bangladesh).

Ms. Shreemoyee Patra, independent consultant, was the rapporteur of the conference. She presented the main findings of the conference at the concluding session.

At the closure of the conference, concluding remarks were made by Mr. Bonapas Onguglo, Chief, Officer of the Director, Division on International Trade in Goods and Services, and Commodities, UNCTAD. He thanked all the participants, presenters and discussants as well as the documentary producers for their valuable inputs, and the staff of the UNCTAD India project for their effective organisation and servicing of the conference.

Conclusions and RecommendationsIV

The conference deliberations, papers presented and documentaries provide a rich, diverse and

extensive coverage, with often provocative and novel ideas, on the relationship between trade performance, gender empowerment, and development in India and globally against the backdrop of economic liberalisation and globalisation. These will help to inform and shape trade policy deliberations and policy formulation in India, in other developing countries, and globally in international trade and investment negotiations and development assistance, with a view to ensuring that trade liberalisation and trade expansion is inclusive of gender dimensions.

The conclusions and recommendations can serve (a) as critical inputs on trade, gender and development to the UNCTAD XII Conference, 20–25 April 2008 in Accra, Ghana; (b) for the implementation of the Foreign Trade Policy of India; and (c) for international solidarity initiatives on strengthening trade’s contribution to empowering women.

(A) Conclusions—Enhancing win-win outcomes for gender, trade and developmentBroadly, the Conference recognised that women

are indeed significant stakeholders in trade-led growth and development. On average, available evidence indicates a positive relationship between trade performance, women’s empowerment and development at the macro-level. However, trade expansion has been beneficial to women’s employment in those countries that have a comparative advantage in the production of labour intensive goods (textiles, footwear, electronics), and not necessarily in all countries.

Trade can empower women and empowered women can further enhance trade. Yet there

is evidence to suggest that men and women experience the impacts of trade policy differently. Thus, gender sensitisation of trade policy needs to be taken seriously.

A gender-sensitive approach to trade must involve a vision of trade as an integral component of wider development efforts to eradicate poverty and promote inclusive, people-centered development. Explicit and specific attention to gender issues in trade and development policies, strategies and operational actions is crucial to maximising the gains for gender equality and minimising the costs that can arise. Attitudes and mentalities towards gender relations should change from symbolic to real support within and beyond the household.

The situation in India and in many Asian developing countries presently shows progress towards empowering women through trade. But this trend is yet to achieve notable improvements in terms of equitable distribution of household responsibilities, equal pay for work of equal value, gender balance across occupations and gender sensitisation. Thus gender sensitisation in trade policy remains a development priority.

Women’s empowerment is inevitably and increasingly affected by the ongoing process of globalisation and liberalisation. Empirical analysis on trade openness and women’s empowerment, on average, show a positive correlation—the Gender Development Index (GDI) and trade openness are positively associated in several countries and in India. Trade performance, economic growth and women’s empowerment thus can be positive and mutually supportive. However, such an outcome cannot be assumed to be either automatic, as women can also lose from trade liberalisation and globalisation, nor can this be generalised, as the impact varies across economic sectors and women’s groups (poor women, girl labour, women in paid employment,

Conclusions and Recommendations �

women subsistence worker, women entrepreneurs, women in industries, women in services).

Liberalisation of trade (unilaterally, under World Trade Organization (WTO) or regional trade agreements) in agriculture, industry and services has in some sectors opened new job opportunities for some women (skill and unskilled) and expanded income-earning opportunities. Participation in international trade can also bring about incentives to improve working conditions under which women toil. For example, importers’ insistence on adherence to certain working conditions and practices is seen to benefit women employed in export-oriented units, which often are compelled to provide sanitary facilities or day care to support their women workers. Thus, there is a direct link between trade openness, export increases and increases in women’s workforce participation, pay and working conditions.

However, trade liberalisation can also bring about detrimental effects on women. The end to the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing as a result of the creation of WTO led to an increase in competition for ready-made garments and loss of production and exports in many countries, and consequently on women workers in this sector. Many such women workers are engaged in the production of garments as a source of income. Thus, the loss of income-earning opportunities has major potential to increase poverty. Also, while increased exports have been associated with increased female employment in several countries (such as Mauritius, Tunisia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh), this was not necessarily the case for all countries. It is bringing gains for women in countries that have a strong comparative advantage in textiles such as China, Bangladesh and India, but losses in other countries, especially African countries that are losing because of cheaper imports.

It is thus important to analyse the conditions needed to ensure that a trade-led growth strategy will contribute to redress existing gender disparities. A trade-supported development strategy needs to look at sequencing, phasing in of trade liberalisation and other social and economic policies, or institutional frameworks that need to be in place to ensure that women and men will be enabled to benefit from new opportunities.

To sustain and widen possible win-win outcomes for gender, trade and for development, negative

effects should be anticipated to inform and help design trade policy to deal with such effects.

Moreover, gains for gender from export-led growth in one country may be realised at the cost of losses for gender in another country. Thus the overall benefit from trade liberalisation globally for gender should be kept in mind.

In regard to the experience in India, several findings are notable. Firstly, women employment and wages have increased in export oriented sectors with dynamic export growth and large concentration of women. Women’s employment in India following reform and liberalisation has increased on average to the extent of about 5–10 percent. Demand for both skilled and unskilled women labour has been found to increase in recent years. The direct link between exports and female employment is visible in the gender intensive sectors such as textiles, handicrafts, and fisheries. It indicates that trade can lift women out of poverty and improve their social status. Women’s empowerment through trade has helped to significantly improve some women’s status compared to their former unpaid or poorly paid work and associated feeble social status and negligible decision-making power.

The positive effect of trade expansion on women’s employment and wages has started to positively affect intra-household dynamics in India and generated positive development spill-over effects in terms of social empowerment. Wherever female employment and income opportunities have improved, women became increasingly empowered as follows:

(a) Wages earned in trade-related sector confer a higher status on women and give them decision making power in the house. For instance, in India, husband’s cooperation in the household work has been reported to increase in the recent years.

(b) Even in the case of casual labour, the enhanced employment opportunities enabled the women to use their potential in the labour market and to achieve economic independence to a limited extent.

(c) There is also some evidence that women who earn more money are increasingly able to keep

Moving towards Gender Sensitisation of Trade Policy�

it and decide how to spend it—gaining some control over their income.

However, it needs to be recognised that employment may initiate such a process of women’s empowerment. But intra-household bargaining power of women is contingent on the level of their wages and the stability of their jobs as well.

Trade liberalisation can also bring about negative impacts on women. The following were observed for India in particular:

(a) Women appear to have borne the major brunt of fall in employment in case of declining exports sectors. In India, tea and coffee production which are dominated by plantation production and are labour-intensive experienced a sharp fall in exports due to other competitive producers in the international market. As a direct result, there was a concomitant strong drop in women employment in the plantations.

(b) In some sectors, agriculture in particular, it has been documented that once a profitable activity is developed by women and modernised, making it export worthy and lucrative, men often take it over. The continued practice of agricultural subsidies and value added processed in mainly developed countries leads to imports of subsidised food in developing countries, and thus reduction in domestic production and decline in food processing industry. This further reduces women participation in agricultural production. Female share of employment in agriculture (rural and urban) in India, for example, has declined. Thus, women become de-empowered with de-feminisation of women in some productive sectors.

(c) At the same time, many poor farmers transform their agricultural production towards cash crops for export and away from food crops. This increases their food security vulnerability as they are now reliant on imports of food. Lack of food often means less food for women and girls, undermining their health and potential contribution.

(d) Exposure to global markets does render export oriented sectors more vulnerable to international

price fluctuations and issues related to international supply chain and distribution chain dynamics. This creates a situation of insecurity for women workers in these sectors, who are often precariously attached to their occupations through loose and casual arrangements with their employers.

(e) Women are not perceived as business persons and interfacing with them is still awkward for many men.

(f ) Women face discrimination in seeking assistance from financial institutions.

(g) Women in the workforce face challenges in balancing household responsibilities with work and entrepreneurial demands, often leading to stress and tensions within families. This includes situations in which when a women attains professional success exceeding that of her husband; she may be forced to slow down or start afresh. Such compulsions on the personal front simply do not exist for men.

Secondly, there is a definite increase in demand for casual workers to cope with export-related trade growth, which leads to a rise in the informal sector workers, a high percentage of them women. This is witnessed, for example, in the tea and coffee plantation, fisheries, food processing and textile sectors. It offers opportunities for poor, uneducated women that may not find employment otherwise.

Conversely, women’s work in the vast informal sector, especially as casual labour, is often insecure, temporary or part-time, with little protection, and few fringe benefits. Also, casual labour, while providing employment for women, can be easily hired or laid-off depending on demand fluctuations. Thus, employment is precarious. Women are also subjected to poor wages and conditions of work, as well as to exploitation and sexual harassment. The generally low levels of education and skill formation among the female casual workers confine them mostly to low paid, unskilled jobs and increases their “vulnerability”.

Thirdly, income for both male and female workers has improved wherever trade and globalisation has positively affected the labour market. In India the daily earnings of workers increased in


the horticulture, dairy, textiles and clothing, and fisheries sectors, which experienced high export growth rates.

Conversely, available evidence also indicates that benefits collected by the male workers tend to be higher than that of female workers in terms of gains in income. Female workers earn less than male workers irrespective of the industry, region or location. In practice in India, women’s wages on average are about 30 percent lower than men’s. Male-female wage differential in all sectors taken together has increased (i.e. male wages have increased more than women). Women wages remain lower than men, even after trade liberalisation and trade growth.

Sometimes the genesis of the wage differential lays, in the fact that women were largely confined to low end, labour intensive, unskilled and hence poorly remunerative work. This wage differential may be a factor in maintaining competitiveness and thus is being perpetuated. However, it was observed that competitiveness could be maintained through various means while reducing the pay gap between women and men. Also, years of education and skill have positive effects on the workers’ earning capability. Further, in many sectors the majority of income increases was captured by middlemen and exporters. Women in particular suffer from such exploitation by middlemen, exacerbated by the lack of ownership of property or lack of representation in producer associations.

Fourthly, in the services sectors, empirical evidence for India shows that female employment opportunities and earnings, along with that of men, could improve considerably in the fast-growing sectors, especially communications and tourism. The services sector, especially Information and Technology Enabled Services (ITES), offers women unique opportunities for work such as work from home, flexi-timing and part-timing working. The liberalisation of movement of labour (Mode 4 of General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)) can bring important benefits to women service providers in international markets.

On the other hand, the men are more likely to capture most of the benefits of services expansion in communications, and thus the wage disparities between genders is maintained or even worsened. Employment opportunities offered by this sector in

terms of working from home, part-time employment and flexi-timing were being availed of only in a limited way. Further, gains from trade in services in India accrue mainly to the educated urban women. Also, liberalisation of essential services like water, education and health leading to the privatisation of these services has in several countries resulted in limiting access to these services by especially poor women (and men), by raising the price of such services. This propagates gender inequality as women are prevented from progressing in education and safeguarding their health, especially in countries where women now suffer from HIV/AIDS.

(B) Recommendations—Empowering women and their contribution to trade and developmentThe challenge ahead is to improve awareness of

women’s overall participation and contribution in the economy, adapt trade policy and trade agreements to include gender considerations, design and implement new ones within wider development strategies, and promote international solidarity initiatives that will promote the positive role that women play in society and in the economy, and ensure win-win gains in the relationship between gender equality, trade growth, development and poverty reduction.

1. Economicempowermentofwomenmustbebothquantitativeandqualitative

Women’s empowerment is important in achieving gender equality, promoting development, and contributing to the achievement of internationally agreed development goals including the Millennium Development Goals. Gender equality is preserved in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Operationalising women’s empowerment, however, requires clarity regarding its definition. Women’s empowerment must be both quantitative (for example increasing job opportunities, providing skills and training), and qualitative (for example improving working conditions, wages, social status). The quantitative and qualitative empowering of women should contribute to changing deep-rooted

Moving towards Gender Sensitisation of Trade Policy�

attitudes and mindsets regarding the dominant “patriarchal relationships” in social and economic activities of society in the globalising world economy, towards greater gender sensitive culture. Stereotyping of women’s role in social and economic spheres needs to be broken.

The failure of countries and the international community to marshal efforts to empower women in economic development will be to the detriment of the global community as it perpetuates inequalities between gender, and hence poverty and underdevelopment of society.

The following recommendations towards integration of gender in international development discourse were advocated:

(a) Specific gender perspective should be incorporated into the mandates, policies and operational activities of international institutions. Ensuring coherence between international institutions is required so that sensitivity to gender issues is focused on promoting inclusive development and reducing poverty as ultimate objective.

(b) UNCTAD, as a development institution, has an important role in advancing an international agenda on gender sensitisation through its policy advocacy, intergovernmental consensus building and operational activities. Further, UNCTAD must strengthen UN-wide coordination on trade and gender matters.

(c) Other United Nations organisations, international and regional development banks and organisations, must emphasise gender issues in their policies and operational activities, so that a holistic approach to gender improvement internationally is promoted. Policy coherence on gender mainstreaming between the World Bank and International Monetary Fund on the one hand, and the United Nations–UNCTAD on the other on gender mainstreaming is needed for a coordinated approach.

(d) It is important for Governments and multilateral agencies to converge with organisations active at the grassroots to share their experiences at the operational level, while providing to them a

wider perspective that makes their work more meaningful.

2. Makingvisibletheinvisiblecontributionofwomenineconomicgrowth

Women comprise significant stakeholders in the process of trade, economic growth and development. In several newly industrialising countries of East Asia, their export-led growth is very much female-led as well. Women power is an invisible force of economies. It is recognised the world over that women have exceptional multi-tasking skills in balancing responsibilities of home towards their families and relatives (unpaid) and workplace in the organised labour market, or in self-employed small business or in subsistence farming, fishing, forestry and mining. These show their endurance, dexterity and creativity.

Paradoxically, this invisible force of women power is underutilised and underexploited. Women, especially poor women, work in the most physically exacting, poorly paid, labour-intensive tasks, often in inclement, unhygienic and stressful conditions. Women’s employment in India is the highest in the traditional low-wage activities, for example. Women lack access to and ownership of land and capital, and have limited access to education and opportunities for skill formation for modern economic activities. Gender disparity in terms of education, health and survival has widened rather than narrowed. Women’s contribution to reproductive and productive activities is largely undervalued and unrecognised. These constrain the livelihood options for poor women and women entrepreneurs, reducing their bargaining power in the market. It is apparent that the economy can draw immense benefits if this innate skill can be suitably harnessed and mobilised, leading to the empowerment of women.

In this regard, the following recommendations were stressed:

(a) The invisible force of women power must be made more visible through deliberate measures and actions that purposely target and empower women to participate at international and national levels of public policymaking as well as


among stakeholders (entrepreneurs, civil society and academia) within countries to maximise potential gains.

(b) Harnessing the power of women for trade, growth and development in the globalisation matrix is both a top-down and bottom-up process. It is the responsibility of all people (men and women), at all levels (Government and private sector, including women entrepreneurs, civil society, academia), among women’s groups such as women’s cooperatives (which can have multiplier effects), and in different economic sectors to engender development. From the top down, there is the introduction of gender-sensitive aspects into the foreign trade policy by the policymakers at the top as indicated by India. From the bottom-up process, some innovations include (a) new business models such as cluster development for small enterprises like herbal and medicinal plants, wherein women in the workforce are significant, or incubation services that provide full support for the development of new small industries; (b) supporting the creation of association of women entrepreneurs and their activities; (c) introducing changes to representation in business associations, such as cooperatives or producer networks, to allow women’s or participation of both men and women;

(c) Given long-standing prejudices against women, there is a need for women to proactively pursue gender empowerment. They need to persevere in gender sensitisation at all levels, create networks to promote common interests, be bold and courageous in initiating new activities and adapting to changing technologies, and be ahead of the curve in terms of vision. For women entrepreneurs to be successful, they need (a) good ideas to create business; (b) steadfast in achieving the goal; (c) take calculated risks; and (d) the support of the family, especially the men.

(d) It is also important to continue to investigate and establish the details of the association between trade performance and women’s empowerment through empirical research and in-depth analysis, both ex-ante and ex-post. To be accurate and objective, sex-disaggregated data collection and surveys should encompass

the widest possible coverage of issues and different social and economic groups of women (including girls). Such insights or gender profiles of relevant areas will help to clarify the extent of the association between trade and women, and help identify policies and actions to strengthen women’s participation in trade and development.

(e) Gender-sensitive trade analyses should be widely disseminated in various forms, via various media outlets (radio, Internet, television and newspapers), including in local languages, to promote wider appreciation in society, including at the grassroots level, of the role and contribution of women.

3. Gender-sensitivetradepolicy

One of the many instruments for tackling, managing, improving and ultimately eliminating gender disparity in economic spheres, covert or overt, is through gender-sensitive trade policy. Trade policies are neither gender neutral nor gender blind—they are not adequately sensitised to purposely enhance gains for women. Trade policies and measures impact on gender, and thus can be adapted to foster women’s empowerment as part of the strategy to strengthen integration into the international trading system and make globalisation more inclusive, and with a pro-poor impact.

Women’s contribution to trade must be recognised and harnessed by Government, bearing in mind that women are not a homogenous group—they work in the informal sector, the formal sector, in entrepreneurial positions, etc. Also, the cultural and socio-economic context in which trade policy is being formulated should be taken into consideration. Thus, policy prescriptions have to be adapted to the different needs of different groups of women, and constructed within the historical, political and cultural context.

To this end, the following recommendations were made:

(a) Political will must be employed to ensure that women and women’s groups are given a voice in the formulation and implementation of trade policies and strategies. Proactive steps can

Moving towards Gender Sensitisation of Trade Policy10

be taken for consulting women and women’s groups (women’s networks and entrepreneurial groups), in a systematic and structured manner, while formulating trade policies or finalising negotiating positions to integrate the gender dimension. Strengthening of partnerships between public, private and civil society in the development of trade with attention to gender can help. Such consultations could inform Government of gender-sensitive sectors in which trade liberalisation could be expedited, delayed or exempted, such as in the definition of sensitive product lists or carving out of services sectors. A gender-sensitive list of products and sectors could be developed to inform for trade negotiators and influence their positions in liberalisation negotiations.

(b) Effective gender-sensitive actions must be taken into consideration by devising trade policy measures such as tariffs and export and import taxes. For example, tariffs on intermediate inputs into productive sectors with high female employment should be reduced. The structural factors pertaining to productive sectors and women’s participation should be carefully assessed so as to propose and introduce trade policies and measures that can effectively promote women’s participation in trade.

(c) Export-oriented sectors with high female employment should be encouraged and supported by the Government so as to strengthen opportunities for gender empowerment through these sectors. This means seeking to grow exports in these sectors, such as fisheries. Efforts are needed to build up production and increase value added. Women entrepreneurs should also be supported to enhance their businesses. It makes good sense to encourage women to build their business. Inherent doubts about the credibility of women business people must be addressed and removed.

(d) India will launch a new Foreign Trade Policy in April 2008, which will contain specific women’s empowerment aspects for encouraging women engaged in trade. This is a novel and welcome development. Establishment and support for a National Council of Women Entrepreneurs in India will be an important aspect of the implementation of this policy.

Effective monitoring of implementation of the policy generally—as well as the gender-sensitive aspect—will be necessary to assess progress made. This policy approach for export development with attention to gender could be considered and replicated by other developing countries, with necessary adaptation to local conditions.

(e) Mainstreaming gender into trade policy should be a gradual process with the participation and support of all, women and men alike. Otherwise, too much emphasis on gender issues can result in a backlash from men, policymakers and trade negotiators, and thus lead effectively to a crowding out of gender issues.

4. Integratedapproachtogendermainstreaming

Trade and gender mainstreaming at the national and international levels is possible only when gender sensitisation in trade policy is complemented by sensitisation of and holistic efforts in all policy interventions, and not just trade. Trade policy and women’s empowerment must be situated within wider national development strategies. Such supportive policies are needed in both central and state Governments.

There is need, for example, for labour legislation and enforcement mechanisms to be developed on wage disparity and decent (supportive) working conditions for women. Sector-specific legislation should be introduced and enforced in terms of working conditions, wages, social security or safety nets, keeping in mind the sectoral imperatives. Safety and childcare provisions should be introduced in export-oriented sectors. Equal pay legislation should be introduced and applicable to national and foreign service suppliers, including covering benefits for part-time as well as full-time workers. Supporting women to get organised, and have strong representation, such as through unions, is key in achieving better working conditions. There is need to balance labour rights and export-led growth strategy for workers, and the majority of women.

Social protection clauses (safety nets) to assist women workers adversely affected by trade

Conclusions and Recommendations 11

liberalisation (such as through job losses) could be introduced. Existing examples such as in Pakistan or Bangladesh, with regard to the ready-made garment sector could be considered. Women’s education is particularly pertinent to securing better benefits from trade liberalisation. Access to education must be provided as a crucial aspect of any attempt to empower women. Continued emphasis on women’s education is important in the long term. Skills development of women through training and re-training of women is necessary, especially in those sectors that are declining, so that women can find new jobs or seek better remuneration.

Support to women entrepreneurs should be strengthened, as they are mostly self-motivated and can be effective agents of change for many women. Financial opportunities for women, such as credit facilities, need to be created to enable women, especially entrepreneurs, to engage in trading activities. Information on market opportunities need to be made more easily available to women to enable them to get a better deal (price) for their production. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with women workers or entrepreneurs must be provided more support to be competitive in national and international markets. Investment and industrial policies, including entrepreneurial development, should emphasise women’s empowerment. Special tax incentives should be extended to women-owned enterprises for encouraging exports. Building of trade-related infrastructure—including rural areas and rural markets—to encourage more women participation in trade is needed.

5. Gendersensitisationininternationaltradeagreementsandarrangements

Gender sensitisation must also be taken into serious consideration at the international level so that appropriate support measures can be provided to increase opportunities for integrating the gender dimension into trade. International trade agreements should also provide special consideration for gender-sensitive sectors, so as to strengthen opportunities for further expansion of exports in these sectors and thus promote women’s empowerment.

In this regard, the following recommendations were advanced:

(a) WTO agreements, the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States–European Union economic partnership agreements, and bilateral and regional free trade agreements, must feature gender-sensitive aspects. Necessary policy space could be provided to developing countries in trade agreements to provide specific support to women-oriented sectors. Trade liberalisation should be paced in a way that more vulnerable sectors are liberalised slowly, or excluded from liberalisation commitments, keeping in mind the possible fallouts for women workers employed in these sectors. The focus of such agreements should be on development as the end objective, not trade per se, and in this regard to promote gender empowerment.

(b) A gender criteria should be introduced in international trade agreements allowing and promoting positive measures under Aid for Trade, development support, investment, and/or mitigating and accompanying stipulations that are designed in a way that explicitly addresses gender-specific measures. These include, for example, safety nets, provisions that promote women entrepreneurs, regulations that encourage supply capacity-building, and control over productive resources.

(c) There is need to reach common understanding among nations regarding definition of disproportionate gender impact, gender-sensitive sector, etc., and criteria of evaluation.

(d) At the same time, careful attention is needed to avoid the mandatory integration of core labour standards into trade agreements as these can become sources of non-tariff barriers to exports. Incentive-based schemes as in some preferential trading arrangements could be considered in ensuring job creation with good labour standards. An example is the Cambodian experience with the “Better Factories Cambodia” scheme. Such trade incentive schemes should be part of a complementary set of policies to promote productivity and fairness, as well as ensure monitoring of compliance.

(e) Countries granting trade preferences could consider deepening the preference in sectors having significant employment of women in the exporting country. This would be particularly


relevant for Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) schemes.

(f ) Comprehensive gender assessments should be undertaken as integral parts of trade impact assessment of outcomes of liberalisation under the WTO and free trade agreements. Comprehensive assessment of gender effects from trade reform is required to deepen the understanding of gender-specific effects of particular trade policy, accordingly and proactively providing for gender-sensitive negotiating strategies and policies. This should include country-specific studies of the gender-differentiated impacts of trade policies as well as consequences of gender relations and inequalities for trade performance. In this area of research, the most pertinent problems relate to paucity of gender-disaggregated data, lack of motivation in gender mainstream research and lack of relevant research expertise. Thus, gender-disaggregated data on household

labour, earnings and expenditures should be more systematically collected.

(g) Multiple trade negotiations are taking place simultaneously at the multilateral, regional and bilateral levels, creating much confusion for workers and businesses, including those involving women. There is thus need for UNCTAD and other international organisations to continue to build up negotiating capacities of countries —human, institutional and regulatory–and facilitate stakeholder consultations so that the general public becomes aware of intricacies and implications of trade negotiations. Without devoted attention to such broad capacity development issues, the attention to gender mainstreaming will remain relegated to a subsidiary issue. The UNCTAD/DFID/India project approach has proven useful in building such capacities in India and thus it should be considered for replication in other countries and other regions, especially Africa.

Inaugural Address of Ms. Meira Kumar, Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment

Annex

IDr. Supachai, Secretary-General of UNCTAD, Mr. G.K. Pillai, Commerce Secretary,

Ladies and gentlemen,

At the outset, let me compliment UNCTAD India for organising this international conference on ‘Moving Towards Gender Sensitisation of Trade Policy’. The topic is relevant, as it has the potential to link international trade with empowerment of women, not only in India but the world over. Women, as a group, are economically more disadvantaged than men, especially in developing countries, where women constitute the economically poorest segment with estimates ranging anywhere between 60 to 70 percent.

In India, women employment is the highest in the traditional low-wage activities like agriculture, forestry and fishing. Occupational distribution of women workforce indicates the gender segregation of tasks. The underlying reality of low levels of education and skill formation among the female workers confines them mostly to low paid and unskilled jobs compared to their male counterparts. While agriculture still accounts for the largest chunk of women workers in rural areas, in urban areas, tertiary sector accounts for more than half of the women workers.

In agriculture, the backbreaking work of weeding, usually reserved for women, has the lowest wage rate. In the informal sector, where most women are employed and where little effective monitoring and control exist, women are being paid lower wages than men. In the organised sector, where equal remuneration laws are more directly enforceable, pure wage discrimination does not exist. However, differential levels in education imply that women are usually less skilled than men. Thus, women generally attain only lower level jobs even within the organised sector.

In service sector, women’s share of employment exceeds that of men. However, women are more likely to earn less than men for the same type of work, even in traditionally female occupations. Women are still concentrated in sectors that are traditionally associated with their gender roles, particularly in community, social and personal services, whereas men dominate the better-paid jobs in financial and business services and real estate. The gender segregation of occupations is changing, but only slowly. Female stereotypes, such as caring, docile care-giver and home-based worker, are being reinforced and may be perpetuated into the next generation if market opportunities continue to be restricted for women. Segmentation trends do not show any significant signs of decline with women’s share increasing in women oriented industries such as personal services and categories such as maids, teachers, health, sales workers, and clerical workers. Thus at the aggregate level there are no clear signs of increasing economic empowerment of women. However, even in this context, there are sectors, which have shown signs of positive changes. In this background the IT and ITES sector, finance and insurance, health and hospitality sector assume special significance. The most important factors influencing gain from exports is the educational and skill attainment of women. It requires major domestic investment in favour of women. It requires active participation of state and inter-governmental agencies.

Studies point towards the fact that trade liberalisation has increased the proportion of women in the labour force in many countries. For many women, more integrated markets have resulted in an improvement in their economic and social status. New jobs in export sectors have been filled by new entrants in the formal economy. For instance, majority of women workers in chikan embroidery and tufted carpets in India has got employment in


5 years due to increase in exports. The tufted carpet export has increased by 55.5 percent during 1995–2005, on an average rate of 26 percent per annum. In Bangladesh, growth in the ready-made clothing industry has created close to two million jobs in the formal economy, over three-quarters of them filled by women. Their increased employment has changed the economic status of women and has reportedly enhanced women’s social status, their control of income, and their decision-making power in the family.

Trade in women-oriented export sectors has enabled women to use their potential in the labour market, and to a certain extent, achieve economic independence. In developing and least developing countries, any incremental employment opportunities, whether regular or casual, has benefited women. Income generated from increased employment opportunities in growing export oriented sectors lead to greater economic empowerment of women. However, this has yet to result in a meaningful social empowerment of women, equitable distribution of household responsibilities, equal pay for work of equal value, and gender balance across all occupations. The effects of trade liberalisation may vary across regions of each country. It is particularly true in a vast country like India which is full of diversities, differential regional levels of development and varied socio-cultural settings.

While women represent 48% of total population in India, they constitute only 31% of the employment market. Of this proportion, only 4.06 per cent of the women were employed in the organised sector while the remaining 95.93 per cent were employed in the unorganised sector. Therefore, the ratio of women in the workforce is not commensurate with their share in the population. However, the female work participation rate has increased overall from 19.7% in 1981 to 25.7% in 2001. Though this trend is upward, the female work participation rate is still around 50% lower than the male participation rate. Studies in this context have revealed that participation of women in rural areas is much higher than in urban areas- an indicator of the high absorptive capacity of the agriculture and allied sectors.

The dimensions of gender inequality which constrain developing country exports include command and control over income and assets,

including in land and credit. Other dimensions of gender inequality, most notably those related to wage gaps and working conditions, have been found to contribute to growth positively in semi-industrialised export-oriented countries. In these instances, export successes and growth have come at the expense of gender inequality, while this may be surely beneficial for export earnings in the short run, it is not necessarily beneficial for women in the long-term.

There is a growing evidence suggesting that men and women experience the impacts of trade policies differently. Research also indicates that in certain cases women employment and wages have increased in the period of trade liberalisation. In the Indian context, this is supported by the co-movement in tea, coffee and rubber exports and employment in recent decades. Further, gender specific employment effect reveals that women have borne the major brunt of the fall in employment in case of decline of exports. Women also get major benefits in case of export surges. National trade policy formulation needs to be cognizant of these findings for advancing and protecting the interests of women in gender intensive sectors in the international trade regime.

Gender-awareness in trade policy formulation requires a deeper and contextualised understanding of the interactions between gender inequalities, class-based inequalities and poverty, on the one hand, and trade policies and trade performance, on the other. County-specific studies of the gender-differentiated impacts of trade policies as well as country-specific studies on the ways in which gender relations and inequalities affect trade performance are needed. Creative solutions need to be explored whereby importing countries can accord concessional access to imports from those sectors which predominantly employ women.

Empowerment is a multi-faceted, multi-dimensional and multi-layered concept. Women’s empowerment is a process in which women gain greater share of control over resources—material, human and intellectual—and access to money and control over decision-making in the home, community, society and nation, and gain `power’. Let us work hand in hand for ensuring that trade policy outcomes lead to empowerment of women.

Statement by Dr. Supachai Panitchpakdi,Secretary-General of UNCTAD

“The impact of trade and globalisation on gender in India”

Annex

IIExcellency, Ms. Meira Kumar, Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment,

Mr. G.K. Pillai, Commerce Secretary, Government of India,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Let me warmly welcome you to this conference and say how pleased I am to participate in it. It deals with a subject of trade that I strongly support. The universal goal of gender equality is enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It is also a key goal of the Millennium Development Goals.

Impactoftradeliberalisationongender

One of the issues that is only beginning to receive international attention is the impact of trade liberalisation and globalisation on gender. Empirical evidence on the link between trade liberalisation and gender is scant. Nevertheless, we do know that trade has gender-related effects. This is not surprising given that women participate in various levels of production and trade whether locally or internationally.

Available empirical evidence suggests a direct link between exports and female employment. This is especially visible in the labour-intensive manufacturing sector, where the proportion of women workers tends to be comparatively large.

For example, increased exports were associated with increased female employment in such countries as Mauritius, Tunisia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and the ‘East Asian Tigers’. Moreover, researchers found that industrialisation in the newly industrialised economies of Taiwan Province of China, Hong Kong China, South Korea, and Singapore is as much female-led as it is export-led.

Conversely, in countries with low-levels of trade integration and a dominance of commodity-production, the impact of trade on women in the labour market appears less positive. This, for example, is the case in several countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Thus, the association between trade and women empowerment can be positive. But it cannot be assumed to be either automatic or generalised. Establishing the details of this association requires in-depth analysis and research.

UNCTAD’scontributiontotradeandgender

This international seminar is a contribution by UNCTAD towards a more in-depth assessment of the linkages between trade, globalisation and gender empowerment so that there can be realisation of mutually beneficial gains. It is consistent with our mission to foster international consensus and build national capacities to ensure that there is trade expansion which leads to growth and development for all, and especially the vulnerable and disadvantage groups like women.

Our contribution in the era of globalisation in the next years will be charted out by our member States at the twelfth session of UNCTAD in Accra, Ghana from 20–25 next April 2008. The outcome of this seminar can make a useful input to this conference on trade, gender and development.

Some findings on trade and gender linkages inIndia

This seminar will discuss, among others, a number of findings that emerged from a new empirical study by the UNCTAD/DFID/India Project in collaboration with UNDP, on the impact of trade and globalisation on gender in India.

Moving towards Gender Sensitisation of Trade Policy1�

I would like to highlight a few of them:

First, women are significant stakeholders in the process of trade growth and development. This must be recognised and harnessed by Government to make globalisation more inclusive with pro-poor impact. It must also be taken into consideration seriously at the international level so that appropriate support measures can be provided to increase opportunities for integrating the gender dimension into trade more beneficially.

Second, both employment and wages of women have increased in export-oriented sectors that have experienced dynamic export growth. This is evident for example in the handicraft sector, the wearing apparel sector, the fisheries sector and the IT sector. In contrast in the other less export-oriented sectors, earnings of women have stagnated.

Third, the positive effect of trade expansion on women’s employment and wages has, in turn, improved intra-household dynamics and generated positive development spillovers. 69% of respondents surveyed in the study attributed an increase in their social status to the improvement in their economic status owing to their involvement in expanding export sectors. So wherever female employment opportunities have improved, women became increasingly empowered.

Furthermore, previous research shows that women tend to spend a greater proportion of their income than men on education and health, particularly for their children.

Fourth, if trade can be a positive force for women’s empowerment, it can have adverse effects. Tea and coffee production—which are dominated by plantation production and are labour intensive—for example, experienced a sharp fall in exports due to other competitive producers in the international market. As a direct result, there was a strong drop in women employment in the plantations. This provides insights into measures needed to cater to women workers that become unemployed due to trade liberalisation.

Fifth, female workers continue to earn about 30% less than male workers irrespective of the industry, region or location. Another worrying

trend is that of an increasing casualisation of labour, which particularly affects women. Export-related trade growth often leads to an increase in demand for casual workers, a high percentage of them being women. Women’s work is often insecure, temporary or part-time, with little protection and few fringe benefits. The low-levels of education and skill formation among the female workers confine them mostly to low paid, unskilled jobs.

Overall therefore, the situation is yet to achieve a notable improvement in the real empowerment for women, equitable distribution of household responsibilities, equal pay for work of equal value and gender balance across occupations.

Policyimplicationsregardinggenderempowermentintrade

So what are the policy implications of these findings? What can be done to make trade bring development gains to women, to their families, to the industries in which they are employed, and to India?

At the national level, a number of actions could be considered.

Women’s groups must be consulted to a greater extent and in a systematic and structured manner, in the formulation of trade policies or negotiating positions, so as to integrate the gender dimension.

Export-oriented sectors with high female employment should receive particular attention by the Government. There may also be a case for international trade agreements to provide special consideration for such sectors, so as to strengthen opportunities for further expansion of exports in these sectors and thus promote gender empowerment.

Conscious efforts by the central and state governments are required to consolidate the share of women in different sub-sectors. It must be realised that gender issues need to be integrated within the larger perspective of economic reforms.

Women’s education and supportive work environment are crucial to reaping better benefits from trade liberalisation. Highly educated women

Annexes 1�

in the services sectors, for example, find new employment and received relatively higher wages. For women in those sectors that face declining exports, re-training to gain new skills in dynamically growing export sectors will be important for them to find new employment.

At the international level, several development dialogue and cooperation initiatives can provide important stimulus to promoting trade growth with a gender dimension.

For example, countries granting trade preferences could consider deepening these preferences in sectors that employ a high proportion of women in the exporting country. This would be particularly relevant for GSP schemes.

Countries should consider gender as an integral part of Trade Impact Assessment of FTAs/WTO trade outcomes. This would deepen the understanding of gender specific effects of particularly trade policy

and accordingly gender sensitive negotiating strategies could be evolved.

More broadly, there is a need for more research on the linkages between trade performance and gender empowerment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, please allow me to thank the Government of India, especially the Ministry of Commerce and Industry for its support to UNCTAD and the UNCTAD/DFID/India project. I also wish to thank DFID for its valuable support to the project and its emphasis on pro-poor development processes, which is consistent with UNCTAD’s development mission. This partnership has over the years borne important benefits for all partners and we hope it will continue in the years ahead. I also wish to thank UNDP for the collaboration in this initiative.

Thank you very much.

Statement by Mr. G. K. Pillai,Commerce Secretary, Government of India

Annex

IIIHonourable Minister for Social Justice, Secretary-General UNCTAD, Distinguished guests on the dais,

Dear friends,

As part of globalisation, there’s always a great fear of a loss of jobs. On one side, we need to protect our jobs. At the same time, the opportunities outside are so huge that we need to both empower and provide the necessary skills for the workforce in India, especially women to tackle these challenges. I must congratulate UNCTAD not only for the studies they have made but also for the support that they have provided to the Government of India in terms of empowering the stakeholders and making knowledge and information available right down to the grass-root level.

One may wonder how trade affects women. On one side, if Kanjeevaram sarees are imported from China and don’t have Geographical Indication to protect the livelihood of women who produce them, they could be out of work. You have to find new markets, niche markets to protect their product. If you look broadly across the broad spectrum of most of the sectors whose trade takes place, whether its IT, handloom, agriculture, electric hardware, fisheries and so on, you’ll find that the majority of the people working in most of these sectors, including textiles, are women.

Now international trade in some sense helps to ensure that these women are provided with greater facilities—not just in terms of their minimum wages but also in terms of provision of facilities like separate

toilets and crèches. Many times when some of these conditions are imposed by the importer, there is tremendous resistance. But in many developed countries, the consumer revolution is so strong that a product will not sell if it is found that the factories producing these products exploit women, employ child labour or don’t provide minimum wages. Therefore, companies that import products from us insist that these standards are met. In fact, even if we don’t have labor laws specifying these standards, the exporter understands that the importers demands in terms of the production conditions need to be met. In many cases, many of the exporting factories have superior facilities, far above the requirements as set by labour standards. This is something they can afford to do, because of the value that they get by virtue of exporting.

In so far as the Foreign Trade policy is concerned, in the government, we have always looked at women as a great resource. But in the foreign trade policies that have been formulated over the years, there has been no specific mention of gender or gender sensitivity. This year, as a result of UNCTAD’s work as well as the efforts of the Commonwealth Secretariat, we are looking at number of options before us. I’m hopeful that when the Foreign Trade policy is announced by the end of the first week of April, you will find for the first time, specific gender issues being tackled in terms of incentives for women entrepreneurs and in terms of incentives for exporters who would provide certain basic facilities that would enhance the capability of their women workers or even their women entrepreneurs. This is something we hope we’ll be able to do. Let me once again wish this function a grand success.

Statement by Abhijit Das,Deputy Project Coordinator and Officer in

Charge, UNCTAD India Programme

Annex

IVHon’ble Ms. Meira Kumar, Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment,Dr. Supachai, Secretary-General of UNCTAD, Mr. G. K. Pillai Commerce Secretary, Ms. Lakshmi Puri Acting DSG of UNCTAD and Director DITC, Mr. Chris Murgatroyd of DFID India,Ms. Nafisa Ali and Ms. Nandita Das,Participants,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

On behalf of UNCTAD-Commerce Ministry-DFID project on Strategies and Preparedness for Trade and Globalisation in India, I extend a warm welcome to all of you.

Let me take this opportunity to highlight some of the activities of UNCTAD-India project. A project that seeks to enhance the understanding of the development dimension of key trade issues, emphasising pro-poor approaches to trade and globalisation.

With the broad objective of integrating development concerns into the trade policy formulation, the project has provided technical inputs to the Department of Commerce through well grounded and extensively peer reviewed analytical research on a diverse range of issues. These include trade facilitation, anti-dumping, industrial subsidies, tariffs, green box subsidies in agriculture, government procurement. It is a matter of considerable satisfaction for the project that most of its analytical work have helped in the formulation of concrete negotiating proposals from India in Doha Round. In all humility let me state that some of the analytical work has attracted international attention and acclaim.

The project has also put into place a mechanism for reaching out to diverse range of stakeholders

and providing them a platform for articulating their interests and concerns in the context of bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations. As many of you may be aware, negative list refers to those products which are excluded from tariff elimination between FTA partners. Economic analysis by the project, buttressed with stakeholder feedback, has enabled it to recommend the negative list to the DOC in the context of bilateral negotiations such as Indo ASEAN and Indo EU negotiations. This important initiative demonstrates that trade liberalisation and protecting vulnerable sectors can proceed hand in hand.

The second objective of the project is to improve preparedness of the stakeholders to benefit from trade and globalisation as well as to adopt appropriate adjustment strategies. To achieve this objective the project has established an extensive network of partners, created databases, softwares and web portals as a means of outreach as well as for sourcing information. These initiatives have assisted stakeholders in taking a more informed and balanced view of how globalisation affects their business.

In its endeavour to assist resource-poor artisans and farmers to seek legal protection of their unique products, the project is facilitating GI registration of about 10 products in poorer regions of India. Banarasi Sarees and brocades, Lucknow Chikan work, Orissa Applique craft and Shahi Litchi of Muzaffarpur are some of the products in which we are facilitating GI registration. GI registration would prevent producers from other regions free-riding on the reputation of unique traditional products. We view this as an enduring contribution of the project in preserving traditional products, enhancing their visibility and leveraging the GI protection for harnessing commercial gains for the artisans and farmers. Further details on this initiative have been provided in the flyer in your folders.


In its various initiatives the project has worked closely with state governments and exploring suitable mechanisms for facilitating exports of certain products which provide livelihood to poor farmers and artisans.

Coming to today’s conference. Trade benefits all—men and women. But within the same country, for various reasons, benefits are distributed differently between men and women. The challenge is to understand the different channels through which trade, gender and development interact; and derive lessons for formulating suitable policies which could make trade a potent instrument of gender empowerment. We have a galaxy of experts who would deliberate on these issues. We are hopeful of two broad outcomes from the deliberations of

the 3 days. First, compilation and consolidation of evidence on trade-gender-development linkage. Second, identifying key policy interventions, including trade policies, that may empower women and stimulate trade in turn.

In conclusion, let me mention that in the Indian context there is scant quantitative work on trade-gender-development linkage. The studies supported by the project are initial attempts at enhancing our understanding and meeting the challenges mentioned earlier. We hope that this International Conference will be a catalyst to kick start the process of more empirical analytical work focused on India.

Thank You.

Statement by Mr. Chris Murgatroyd,Head Resources and Senior Governance

Advisor, DFID India

Annex

VHonorable Minister, Secretary-General, Commerce Secretary,

Ladies and gentlemen,

Thanks very much for giving me the opportunity of addressing you this morning. Susanna Moorehead, heading DFID India, sends her regrets, but I’m pleased that I’ve been able to join and provide the opportunity in two and a half years for all the stakeholders to be represented together.

DFID has had a close association with UNCTAD and the Ministry for a number of years and we are very proud of the work, particularly the analytical work that has been done under the project. I’m particularly pleased that we’ve got an opportunity today to link the work that DFID has been very happy to support on trade with the important issue of gender. DFID has a commitment in all of our programs to focus on gender issues and we consider the social development implications of all of the interventions that we’ve been asked to support in each of the countries that we work in. We assess those impacts and we particularly think about the implications for women and girls.

We know that when we talk about the focus on eradicating poverty, most of those who live in poverty are women. And whilst we know that those aspects of poverty play out differently in different societies, there are common features across the world. We’re particularly concerned to ensure that all of the work has a mainstreaming of gender, but also that we have an opportunity to engage in specific interventions. We know, for example, that in South Asia, the statistics around maternal mortality, infant mortality; particularly the impact of a lack of access to basic opportunities for girls, has a distorting impact on growth. Inviting women and girls into economic empowerment and into the

opportunities that work can generate, significantly enhances the impact on growth.

We know for example, that by responding to requests for support to assist with health services, particularly access to institutional deliveries through government centrally sponsored schemes, access to educational opportunities again through the government’s flagship support through the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan, the DFID is in a position to assist with some of these linkages to key gender indicators, particularly identifying the data/disaggregating data sources so that over time, in partnership, we can ensure that our support has maximum impact. We’re particularly pleased to be able to support initiatives like the Mahila Samakhya Program, again focusing specifically on women’s education and the empowerment opportunities that access to educational opportunities can bring. So a strong theme in all of our partnerships—through government partnerships, through other partners in India, and in all our partners in other countries—is to ensure that economic opportunities for women deliver benefits across societies through the income and other advances that they would bring.

So whilst we are pleased to focus on our support through UNCTAD and through the programs that we’re invited to support, we’re particularly pleased when we have the opportunity to link the two. Our partnership with UNCTAD which has generated some of the promotional material that you’ll see very shortly, as I understand, is a particular pleasure for us.

So again, thank you for inviting DFID to be a part of this morning’s inauguration. I wish you all the very best for the next three days, and I hope for a very successful outcome for this workshop.

Thank you.

Statement by Ms. Nandita Das,Film Actress and Director

Annex

VIDear friends,

I am not at all an authority on the subject that is going to be discussed and all of you are. The reason one tries to come for such conferences is to try and reaffirm one’s faith and not to be cynical about life—that good things are being done, that people are thinking and that all of us in some way are trying to do our little bit to build a better world.

Always around the 8th of March there are activities about women. I used to be very cynical about then and would say “Oh my God, no more of this tokenism.” But as we grow older and we realise there is no room for cynicism. One feels that at least tokenism, at least in March and end of February until it fades away, we are going to focus on issues that are very important. Gender sensitivity in every field is extremely important. It should be one of the most normal things, but as most normal things don’t happen, we have to make an extra effort towards doing those things.

I remember when I did my Masters in Social Work, I used to be associated with many NGOs that worked at the grassroot level. I used to scorn at all these conferences—I used to wonder whether any of the discussions in air-conditioned rooms ever benefited

those who were being talked about. Again, I’m no more cynical, I think that everything is needed-all this brainstorming, all these policy makers who benefit from grassroot level experiences and the grassroot level workers are indeed benefited from the policies that are made.

As we are moving towards a more and more complex world, the problems are also getting more complex and simple solutions are hard to find. The word globalisation is loved and hated by different sectors where people are probably working towards the same goal. I say ‘probably’ because the definition of development can be interpreted differently. While there are some who think that globalisation is the best thing that has happened to the world, there are others who think that globalisation is the ruin for developing countries or those countries where disparities are growing because of it. So I am sure a very stimulating discussion is going to happen in the next three days. Unfortunately, I’m not going to be part of it but I really look forward to seeing Ansuya’s and Ajay’s film which I am sure will give important insights.

I hope to meet you all as well.

Thank you.

Statement by Ms. Nafisa Ali,Film Actress, Social Activist and Chairperson

of the Children’s Film Society

Annex

VIIGood afternoon ladies and gentlemen and my distinguished guests on the dais,

I think the important thing about a documentary or the moving pictures is that it explains, reaches out and has a far more important impact on the mind than just talking. I’ve realised that a documentary is something you can’t just ignore. It’s very good that we’re at this policy and decision making stage, but you eventually have to take the information to the masses.

Therefore, the decision that you make must be brought forward at the grassroot level, awareness should be created for women in general. In India, women need to be empowered- they deserve the income and the respect that the male is getting. Even though the male feels he is working harder, I feel that women work much harder.

It’s important that the world looks at the seriousness of the creativity of Indian artisans and crafts. And though we would like to see products from all over the world in the form of imports, its important that our unique products are also

protected by means of geographic indicators.

Another important thing is that when the international community comes here they specify the importance of making access to simple facilities such as toilets which is helpful. I was just talking to the SEWA representative from Gujarat in this conference and she told me about their phenomenal movement in Gujarat where they were trying to enhance the status of women despite efforts to crush their initiative by the government. Their work makes me very proud. Women need to stand tall and strong while the policy makers need to protect the secular fabric of our country and ensure that women get their rightful share in terms of economic opportunities and social status.

I’m glad that I’ve been a part of this in a small way and if you need me further, I’m here. If you could make a simple documentary in regional languages and try and air it on Doordarshan the information could be accessed by most of India’s population.

Thank you and all the best for the programme.

Conference ProgrammeInternational Conference on

“Moving towards Gender Sensitisation of Trade Policy” 25–27 February, 2008

Hotel Le Meridien (Napoleon 1), New Delhi

Annex

VIII25 February, 2008

Registration: 11:00 hrs–12:15 hours

Inaugural Session: 12:15 hours–13:15 hours

Chief Guest: Hon’ble Mrs. Meira Kumar, Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India

Guest of Honour: Dr. Supachai Panitchpakdi , Secretary-General of UNCTAD

Special Guest: Mr. G.K.Pillai, Commerce Secretary, Government of India

Celebrity Guests:

Ms. Nandita Das, Actress & Director and

Ms. Nafisa Ali, Chairperson, Children’s Film Society of India

Address by Mr. Chris Murgatroyd, Head Resources and Senior Governance Advisor, DFID India

Address by Mr. Abhijit Das, Deputy Project Coordinator and Officer in Charge UNCTAD India Programme

Lunch: 13:15 hrs–14:00 hours

14:00 hrs–15:30 hrs

Session 1—Gender and International Trade: Opportunities and Concerns

Chair: Mrs. Lakshmi Puri, Acting Deputy Secretary-General of UNCTAD and Director Division on International Trade and Commodities (DITC), UNCTAD

Presentations by:

Mr. Abhijit Das, Deputy Project Coordinator and Office in Charge, UNCTAD India—Overview of Studies on Trade and Gender Supported by UNCTAD India

Dr. Shahid Ahmed, UNCTAD India—Trade Openness and Gender Empowerment: An Assessment

Dr. K.P. Sunny, National Productivity Council, India—Impact of Trade and Globalisation on Gender in India

Open House Discussion

Annexes 2�

Tea Break 15:30 hours–15:45 hours

15:45 hours - 17:00 hours

Session 2—Women in Trade: Journey to Success

Chair: Dr. Kiran Chadha, Joint Secretary, Ministry of Women & Child Development, Government of India

Presentations by:

Mrs. Rama Devi, ALEAP— Impact of Trade on Women in Business and Suggestions for Inclusive Growth.

Mrs. Archana Bhatanagar, Mahakaushal Association of Women Entrepreneurs—Combating Globalisation: My Entrepreneurial Effort and Dissemination through Association Initiatives for Gender Sensitisation.

Dr. Rajnee Aggarwal, Federation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs—Journey to Success: My Experience with Globalisations

17:00 hours–18:00 hours

Screening of the Film on Trade and GenderFilm by Mr. Ajay Shetty and Ms. Ansuya Vaidya, SaaReeGaa Productions, New Delhi

KARMAYOGINI: The Indian Woman Worker in the Age of Globalisation

26 February, 200810:00 hours–13:00 hours

Session 3—Sector-Specific Gender Dimensions of International Trade: Fisheries, Handicrafts and Services

Chair: Mr. Anand S. Bhal, Economic Advisor, DFID

Presentations by:

CSR, New Delhi India—Impact of Trade and Globalisation on Gender in India: A Case Study of Women Workers in the Fisheries Sector

STADD, New Delhi India—Impact of Trade and Globalisation on Women Workers in the Handicraft Sector: Evidence from the Carpet and Embroidery Sectors


Dr. Rashmi Banga, UNCTAD India—Impact of Trade in Services on Gender Employment in India

Discussant: Ms Jacqueline Maleko, Ministry of Industry and Trade, United Republic of Tanzania

Ms. Hameda Dedaat, Gender and Economic Reforms in Africa Programme (Part of TWN), South Africa—The Socio-Economic Impact of Trade Liberalisation and Employment Loss on Women in the South African Clothing Industry: A Cape Town Case Study, South Africa

Discussant: Dr. Marzia Fontana, Institute of Development Studies, U.K.



Dr. Indira Hirway, Centre for Development Alternatives, India—Trade and Gender Inequality in Labour Market: A Case of Textile and Garment Industry in India

Discussant: Dr. Swapna Mukhopadhyay, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, India

Ms. Yumiko Yamamoto, UNDP, Asia-Pacific Regional Centre, Sri Lanka—Gendered Impacts of the Expiry of WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing on Developing Economies in the Asia-Pacific: Assessment and Policies

Discussant: Dr. Selim Raihan, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh


Lunch: 13:00 hours–14:00 hours


Session 4—Trade and Gender: Experiences of Other Countries and Regions

Chair: Deborah McGurk, Senior Economic Advisor, DFID

Presentations by:

Selim Raihan, Rabeya Khatoon, M. Jami Husain and Suriya Rahman: Modelling Gender Impacts of Policy Reforms in Bangladesh: A Study in a Sequential Dynamic CGE Framework—Presentation by: Dr. Selim Raihan, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Discussant: Dr Mohammad A. Razzaque, Commonwealth Secretariat, U.K

Günseli Berik and Yana van der Meulen Rodgers: The Debate on Labor Standards and International Trade: Lessons from Cambodia and Bangladesh, Presentation by: Dr. Günseli Berik, University of Utah, Utah, USA

Discussant: Dr. Karin Ulmer, APRODEV, Belgium

Dr. Marzia Fontana, Institute of Development Studies, UK—The gender effects of trade in developing countries: A review of recent evidence


Dr. Lanyan Chen, Tianjin Normal University Tianjin China—Gender Sensitisation of Trade Policies: Newborn Research in China

Discussant: Prof. Shirin Rai, University of Warwick, UK

May Sengendo and Godber Tumushabe: Provision and Access to Market Information for Female and Male Exporters of Horticulture and Fisheries Sectors in Uganda, Presentation by: Mrs. Appolonia Mugumbya, EAETDN, Uganda.

Discussant: Ms. Yumiko Yamamoto, UNDP, Asia-Pacific Regional Centre, Sri Lanka

Dr. Yassine Fall, UNIFEM—Trade Liberalisation and Gender Equality: Experiences and Lessons learned from the Global South

Discussant: Ms. Hameda Dedaat, Gender and Economic Reforms in Africa Programme(Part of TWN), South Africa


Annexes 2�

27 February, 200810:00 hours–12:00 hours

Session 5—Mainstreaming of Gender in Trade Negotiations: Voices from Policy Makers and Gender Experts

Chair: Mr. Bonapas Onguglo, Chief, Office of the Director, DITC, UNCTAD

Presentations by:

Prof. Shirin Rai and Prof. Catherine Hoskyns, University of Warwick, UK: Gender Expert Group on Trade: Lessons from the UK, Presentation by: Prof. Shirin Rai University of Warwick, UK

Dr. Karin Ulmer, APRODEV, Association of World Council of Churches Related Development Organisations in Europe, Brussels, Belgium—EU Trade Policies: The Blueprint

Ms. Rezani Aziz, Women’s Chamber of Industry & Commerce, Sri Lanka—Mainstreaming of Gender in Trade Negotiations: Sri Lankan Perspective

Dr. Safdar Sohail, D.G. Foreign Trade Institute of Pakistan—Gender Sensitisation in Pakistan’s Trade Policy

Mr. Md. Osman Goni Talukder, Ministry of Women and Children Affairs Bangladesh—Mainstreaming of Gender in Trade Negotiations: Experience of RMG Sector in Bangladesh



Session 6: Concluding Session

Rapporteur’s Report

Concluding Remarks by Mr. Bonapas Onguglo, Chief, Office of the Director, DITC, UNCTAD

Lunch: 13:00 hours–14:00 hours

List of Participants

Annex

IXS.No. Name Organisation Contacts

1. A.K. Gupta Advisor, APEDA 3rd Floor, NCUI Building,3 Siri Institutional Area, August Kranti Marg, New Delhi – 110016Ph: 26514525Direct: 26513204, 26534191Fax: 26526187E-mail: [email protected]

2. Abhijit Das Deputy Project Coordinator & Officer in Charge

UNCTAD India ProjectRoom 421, The Taj Ambassador Hotel, 2, Sujan Singh Park,New Delhi – 110003Ph: 24635036/54/55Fax: 24635000E-mail: [email protected]

3. Adhikari Singh Editor/Bureau Chief, Trade Information Service

F-1, Amrapali, A-132, Dilshad Colony, Delhi – 110095Ph: 22092012Mobile: 9312984457

4. Alexander S. Shust Head of Department for Political & Economic Research, Academy of Public Administration under the Aegis of the President of the Republic of Belarus

17, Moskovskaya Str. Minsk,Belarus – 220007Tel: 375-172286321E-mail: [email protected]

5. Alice Sebastian Ph D Fellow Centre for Development StudiesPrasanth Nagar, Road, Ullor,Thiruvananthapuram – 695 011Ph: 0471 2448881-4Fax: 0471 2447137E-mail: [email protected]

6. Amrit Kallar Chairperson Seminars & Workshops, MAWE

Haylide Chemicals,ISO 9001:2000 Certified,433/2 Napier Town,Jabalpur – 482001

Annexes 2�

S.No. Name Organisation Contacts

7. Anand S. Bhal Economic Adviser, DFID DFID IndiaBritish High Commission, B-28, Tara Crescent,Qutab Institutional Area,New Delhi – 110016Tel: 42793352, 26529123 Ext : 3352Fax: 26529296E-mail: [email protected]

8. Andrew Allimad UNECA Box – 3005Addi AbabaEthiopiaE-mail: [email protected]

9. Anita Pauline Dey Ex Secretary Association of Schools for ISC (U.P.)Branch Exceutive Member Indo-American Chamber of Commerce

W. H. Smith Memorial SchoolD. 59/108, Sigra,Varanasi – 221010, Uttar PradeshPh: 0542-2221439E-mail: [email protected]

10. Anita Sodhi De Committee Member, Indo-American Chamber of Commerce, U P Branch

W. H. Smith Memorial SchoolSigra, Varanasi, Mobile: 09415226655E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

11. Anjana Chellani International Labour Organisation

55, Lodhi Estate,New Delhi – 110003Ph: 24602101 extn 210E-mail: [email protected]

12. Anushree Sinha NCEAR Parisila Bhawan, 11, Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi – 110002Ph: (91-11) 23379861

/2 /3 /5 /6 /8, 23379857Fax: (91-11) 2337-0164E-mail: [email protected]

13. Anwesha Aditya Doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Economics,Jadavpur University

Mobile: +91-9836152954E-mail: [email protected]

14. Aparna Sinha Research ScholarDepartment of EconomicsUniversity of Allahabad

C/O Prof P. N. Mehrotra,Department of EconomicsE-mail: [email protected]



15. Archana Bhatnagar PresidentMahakoushal Association of Women Entrepreneurs {MAWE}

433/2 Napier TownJabalpur – 482001, (MP)Ph: 0761-2311629/5035837

0761-2403629 / 5035837E-mail: [email protected]

16. Arundhati Chattopadhyay

National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Utpadakata Bhavan,5-6 Insitutional Area, Lodi Road,New Delhi – 110 003Ph: 24607371, 24690331, Extn: 371Fax: 24615002Mobile: 9810025565

17. Arvinder A. Ansari Department of SociologyJamia Millia Islamia

Mobile: 9899451465E-mail: [email protected]

18. Ashutosh Sharma Students, Department of Economics, Jmi9891664284

JMICell: 9891664284E-mail: [email protected]

19. B. Yerram Raju Director, Development & Research Services

6-3-1216/95/A, Plot No.95 Methodist Colony Begumpet,Hyderabad – 500 016Tel: 40-23393512Fax: 40-23404143, 23404183Mobile: 9849086672E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

20. B.D.Pawar Director, CITA A-3, Gurukrupa Apartments, Narvir Tanaji Wadi, Shivaji Nagar,Pune – 411005 Telefax: 020 25533122Mobile: 9370276686E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

21. B.Senthilkumar Project manager M/s Ikisan LimitedVishnu BhavanNo.1 Nagarjuna HillsPanjagutta,Hyderabad – 500 082Telephone and Fax: +914023350671Mobile: +919849984764E-mail: [email protected]

Annexes 31


22. Bhim Sain Verma Representative of Ross University, New York, USAFounder Member & Member of National Executive Board- Indian Institute of History of Homeopath, Kolkata

C-313/B, Majlis Park,Delhi – 110033Tel: 27679058Fax: 27679058E-mail: [email protected]

23. Bidhu Bhusan Mishra Chairman,NISDAR,

Plot No. 845/2480,Baramunda,Bhubaneswar – 751003.Mobile: 09437134777E-mail: [email protected]@yahoo.co.in

24. Bonapas Onguglo Chief, Office of the Director, Project Officer

Division on International Trade in Goods and Services, and CommoditiesUNCTAD, GenevaPh: 0 41 229175495E-mail: [email protected]

25. C. Lalbiaksiami Present Status: Research Scholar

Mailing Add: College Veng,C-37, Near Presby.Church, Aizawl.Mobile: 9862360258

26. Chanchal C. Sarkar Deputy Director, Department of Commerce

Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Govt. of India, Udhyog Bhawan,New Delhi – 11Tel: 23063916 (D), 23062261 Ext:554Fax: 23063418E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

27. Chandan Kumar Das Project Coordinator Development Agency for Social Improvement (DASI)

Madhuban, Baripada,P.O. Box No-35Mayurbhanj – 757 001, OrissaTel: (06792) 253555, 257888 (R)Mobile: 09861208297,E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],[email protected]: www.craftrevival.org/ngo/dasi

28. Chingthanmawi Kullai Present Status: Research Scholar (UNCTAD Doctoral Fellowship Awardee)

M15(b), Mission Vengthlang, Aizawl.Ph: 0389 – 2301325,Mobile: 9436353075



29. D. Narasimha Reddy Chief Coordinator, Centre for Handloom Information and Policy Advocacy

16-70(F), Ramakrishnapuram,Chirala Prakasam dist,AP, India – 523 155Mobile: 94901-67165E-mail: [email protected]

30. Debalina Roy Choudhury

M.Phil. Research FellowDepartment of Economics,Jadavpur University

Mobile: +91-9433901262E-mail: [email protected]

31. Debdutta Banerjee Hony. Secretary Federation of Associations of Cottage & Small Industries (FACSI)

21/1/1, Creek RowKolkata – 700 014West BengalTel: 033-22469281, 30948344,

39587352, 32948344, 9831262389, Resi (22259568)

Fax: 033-22469281 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

32. Deborah McGurk Sr. Economic AdviserDFID India

British High CommissionB-28, Tara CrescentQutab Institutional Area,New Delhi – 110 016Ph: 26529123E-mail: [email protected]

33. Dhanpat Ram Agarwal Director, Institute of International Trade

6, Waterloo Street, 5th Floor,Room No.504, Kolkata – 700 069Fax: 91-33-2243 7688Ph: 91-33-2243 6504E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

34. Fahmida Khatun Senior Research FellowCentre for Policy DialogueBangladesh

House 40C, Road 11,Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka – 1209

GPO Box 2129,Dhaka – 1000BangladeshPh: 8802 9145090, 9141734,

9141703, 8124770Fax: 8802 8130951Mobile: 880 1713 244 344E-mail: [email protected]

Annexes 33


35. Farida Akhtar Executive DirectorUBINIG

22/13, Khiljee Road, Block-B, MohammadpurDhaka – 1207 Bangladesh Ph: 880 2 8111 465 / 8124533Mobile: 880 1715 021898Fax: 880 2 811 3065E-mail: [email protected], [email protected],

36. Fatima C-2/29–SDA,[email protected]

37. Fazl-ur-rehman Roznama Rashtriya Sahara 4th floor, Sahara India Tower,7-Kapoorthala Complex,Aligang, Lucknow (India)(Res.) C-3124, Indira nagar,Lucknow – 226016Fax: (0522)2332936,Ph: (0522)2337777 Ext.5385

(Res.)2356519Mobile: 9936600744E-mail: [email protected]

38. G. K. Pillai Commerce Secretary, Government of India

Room No.-143, Udyog Bhawan,New Delhi

39. Gagan Dhir Consumer Voice Mobile: 9312236941E-mail: [email protected]

40. Gunseli Berik Associate Professor of Economics and Gender Studies

University of Utah 1645 Central Campus Drive,Rm. 308 Salt Lake City,UT – 84112Ph: 801 581 7739Fax: 801 585 5649Mobile: 801 856 5923 E-mail: [email protected]

41. Hameda Deedat University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch – 7701South Africa All Africa House, Middle Campus,Off Stanley Road,Rondebosch – 7700 Tel: +27 021 4485357 Fax: +27 021 685 2142 lE-mail: [email protected]



42. Hanumant Yadav ISPAT Times A-3-4, Burhani Plaza, Gokul Super Bazar, Pandri,Raipur – 492004Ph: (R)0771-2262659.Mobile: 0942552281E-mail: [email protected]

43. Harmeet Sarin International Labour Organisation

55, Lodhi Estate,New Delhi – 110003Ph: 24602101/2/3E-mail: [email protected]

44. Himanshu Sekhar Rout Government of PuducherryPG Department of EconomicsDr. SRK Government Arts College(Pondicherry University)

Dr. S R K Government Arts College(Pondicherry University)Yanam – 533464Ph: 0884 2324123 Mobile: 09440851454E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

45. Indira Hirway Centre for Development Alternatives,

E-71 , Akash, Near Chief Justice’s Bungalow Bodakdev,Ahmedabad – 380054, India E-mail: [email protected]

46. Isaac Vanlalhruaia Research Scholar and Sr. Statistical Assistant,Department of Economics, Mizoram University.

Mailing Add: C-65/A,Tuikual North, Aizawl,Mizoram – 796001,OR,Department of Economics,Mizoram University,Tanhril: Aizawl.,Ph: 0389–2317504,Mobile: 09436366060,E-mail: [email protected]

47. J Edwards Asst. SecretaryThe Madras Chamber of Commerce & Industry

Krumuttu Centre, 1st FloorNew No.634 Anna Salai, Nandanam, Chennai – 600035Tel: 044-24349452/24349871Fax: 044-24349164Mobile: 98843 15409E-mail: [email protected]

48. J. Habib Sy Executive Direcor, Aid Transparency

258 B, Cite Djily Mbaye, Yoff,Dakar SenegalTel: 221-8203750Cell: 221-5691682Fax: 221-8203667E-mail: [email protected]

Annexes 3�


49. J. Lalfakzuala Present Status: Research Scholar (UNCTAD Doctoral Fellowship Awardee)

Mailing Address:Upper Venglai,Bawngkawn, Aizawl,Mizoram – 796014Mobile: 9862726172,

50. J. C. Srivastava Regional Advisor, Indian Merchant’s Chamber

M-6, Prasad Nagar - II,New Delhi – 110005 Ph: 91-11-25782741,Telefax: 91-11-25782741Mobile: 9891174585E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

51. Jacqueline Maleko Ministry of Industry and Trade Ministry of Industry and Trade P.O. Box 9503 Dar es Salaam-TanzaniaPh: +255 22 21 80075or +225 744 303993Fax: +225 22 21 29105E-mail: [email protected]

52. Jhuma Mukherjee Treasurer MAWE 433/2 Napier Town,Jabalpur–482002Ph: 0761 4085072, 4035837Fax: 0761 2404647E-mail: [email protected]

53. Johan Khalidi B. Mohd Mokhtazar

Assistant Director, Malaysian Industrial Development Authority

12th Floor, Block 4, Plaza Sentral, Jalan Stesen Sentral 5, Kuala Lumpur Sentral, 50470 Kuala Lumpur,P.O. Box 10618, 50720Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaPh: 03-22673633, 03-22673585Fax: 03-22738468E-mail: [email protected]: www.mida.gov.my

54. Joseph John Assistant ProfessorICFAI Institute for Management Teachers, ICFAI Business School (IBS) Hyderabad

Postal Address: 3rd Floor, Astral Heights, Road No.1, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad – 500034.Fax: 040-23430468Ph: 040-23430469Mobile: 09866496343E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]



55. Jyoti Agarwal Secretary MAWE 433/2, Napier Town,Jabalpur (MP) – 482002Ph: 0761 4085072, 4035837Mobile: 9827068488Fax: 0761 2404647E-mail: [email protected]

56. K K Mahapatra Secretary-cum-DirectorKalaniketan

HIG 167, Dharma Vihar, Khandagiri, Bhubaneswar – 751030, Orissa Fax: 0674-2351905 Ph: 0674-2350254.Mobile: 9437230336E-mail: [email protected]

57. K Saraswathi Director TANSTIA FNF Services

11th Cross Street, Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai – 600 032Ph: 91-044-22501451 (D) 91-044-22501402Mobile: 09840025635E-mail: [email protected] url: www.tanstiafnf.com

58. K. Angela Lalhmingsangi

Doctoral Research, Department of Economics, Mizoram University, Research Topic: Gender and Economic Development: A Case Study of Mizoram

Mailing Add: Department of Economics, Mizoram University.Ph: 0389 - 2301226Mobile: 9436351773E-mail: [email protected]

59. K. P. Sunny Deputy Director (Economic Services)National Productivity Council

Utpadakata Bhavan, 5-6 Insitutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110 003Ph: 24607371, 24690331 Extn: 371Fax: 24615002E-mail: [email protected]

60. K. Rama Devi President, Centre for Entrepreneurship Development Association of Lady Entrepreneurs of Andhra Pradesh,

#8-2-677/B/1, Road No. 12, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad-500 034, A.P.Tel: 91-40-23372313Fax: 91-40-23372277E-mail: [email protected],[email protected],[email protected]

61. K. Vinod Narayan Hon. Secretary,The North Malabar Chamber of Commerce (NMCC)

Thalassery Road,Kannur – 670002, KeralaMobile: 9447040098E-mail: [email protected]

Annexes 3�


62. K. N. Kishore Staff Reporter/Sub Editor,The Hitavada

3rd Floor, Millenium Plaza,Near Coffee House, RaipurPh: 0771-2224447, 2534077Fax: 2237277,Mobile: 9424232511E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

63. Ka. Seethalakshmi Managing TrusteePhoenix Federation

R.O.: HB 1, Maraimalai Nagar, Nagapattinam–611 001P.O.: 8 / 1, Neela Sannadhi Street, Nagapattinam 611 001Fax: 04365 242837Ph: 04365 242837Mobile: 0 98426 57963E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

64. Karin Ulmer Association of World Council of Churches related Development Orgainsation in Europe (APRODEV)

Bd Charlemgne 28 B–1000 BrusselsPh: 0032 2 234 56 60/64 (o)Fax: 0032 2 234 56 69 (o)Mobile: 0032 (0) 472 58 23 33E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

65. Kedar Bahadur Adhikari

Minister (Economic),Embassy of Nepal

Barakhamba Road,New Delhi-110001Ph: 23327361, 23329218Mobile: 9910563155Fax: 23326857, 23329647E-mail: [email protected]

66. Krishna Gopinathsa Wade

Bank of Maharashtra, Yeola (Nasik)

Mobile: 9922803446

67. Kritika Mathur Sr. Research Associate, Communications & Manufacturing Association of India

P 90 B Basement NDSE Part II,New Delhi–110049Telefax: 26250204Mobile: 9899313224E-mail: [email protected]@gmail.com

68. Lakshmi Puri Acting Deputy Secretary-General

UNCTAD,GenevaPh: 00 41 22 9171781E-mail: [email protected]



69. Lal Ram Buatsaiha The Aizawl PostMizo Daily Paper

G-7, Chanmari Aizawl Ph: 0389 2341869/2345343Fax: 0389 2345343E-mail: [email protected]

70. Lalramthangi Doctoral Research Mailing Add: H.No. H/288,Hunthar Veng, Aizawl,P.o. Vaivakawn–796009D/o. LalzuilianaPh: 0389–348720,Mobile: 9862370567,

71. Lanyan Chen Tianjin Normal University of ChinaGender and Social Development Studies

Tianjin Normal University of ChinaInternational Student CenterUIBE No.10 Huixin East Street,Beijing 100029Ph: 86 10 58668723Mobile: 86 13521822748Fax: 86 22 23766163E-mail: [email protected]

72. Lianzela Dean, School of EconomicsDepartment of Economics, Mizoram University

Mizoram University, Tanhril,Aizwal – 796009(Mizoram)Ph: 0389 2330707Mobile: 09862324657E-mail: [email protected]

73. M. K. Joshi Director, Council for Social Development

Sangha Rachana,53 Lodhi Estate,New Delhi – 110003, IndiaFax: 24616061Mobile: 9999961744E-mail: [email protected]

74. M. M Krishna Department of Economics,University of Allahabad

187/2, Stanley Road,Allahabad – 211002 Mobile: 09451852957E-mail: [email protected]

75. M. R. Saluja Fellow, India Development Foundation

316, Qutab Plaza, DLF Phase-1, Gurgaon – 122002, HaryanaTel: 95124-4381691-4Fax: 95124-4381695Mobile: 9891567812E-mail: [email protected]

Annexes 3�


76. Mamta Singh (Research Scholar)Department of EconomicsUniversity of Allahabad

C/O Prof P. N Mehrotra,Department of EconomicsMobile: 09839448329E-mail: [email protected]

77. Mandakini Jema Secretary, Institute of Socio-Economic Research and Training

“Kapoti” Plot No.1102,Mahanadi Vihar,Cuttack- 753 004,OrissaMobile: 09861154553E-mail: [email protected]

78. Mansi Mishra Centre for Social Research 2, Nelson Mandela Marg,New Delhi–110070Ph: 2689 9998, 2612 5583Fax: 2613 7823E-mail: [email protected]: www.csrindia.org

79. Marzia Fontana Institute of Development Studies,University of Sussex

University of [email protected]: 44 1273 877 608Fax: 44 1273 621 202Mobile: 44 7790 733 716

80. Mehnaz Ajmal Research AssociateSustainable Development Policy Institute(SDPI)Pakistan

Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI)P.O. Box 2342,Islamabad #3 UN BoulevardDiplomatic Enclave-1,G-5, Islamabad,PakistanTel: +92-51-2278134, 2275642, 2270674Fax: 92 51 22 78 135Mobile: 92 300 911 5706E-mail: [email protected]

81. Meira Kumar Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India

Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment,Government of India,Shastri Bhawan,New DelhiFax: 91-11-23381902



82. Mohammad Razzaque Economic Adviser Economic Affairs Division International Trade & Regional Co-operation Section

Commonwealth Secretariat Marlborough House Pall MallLondon SW1Y 5HX. United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 20 7747 6273 Fax: Dir +44 (0) 20 7004 3590 Gen +44 (0) 20 7747 6235 Mobile: 0 750669 4329E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.thecommonwealth.org

83. Mugumbya Nakawombe Apollonia

Minister for Women Affairs Community Dev. And BulungibwansiSocial Worker, Majored in Development

P.O. Box 4793, Kamapala (Uganda)Ph: +256-752-303032 (Mobile) or +256-414-578139 (Office)E-mail: [email protected]

84. Nabasis Das Chief Executive Orissa Rural & Urban Producers’ Association (ORUPA)

02/A, 1st Floor,Krishna TowerNayapalli,Bhubaneswar – 751 012, OrissaTel: 0674-2563473, 2563706,Mobile: 09437179851(R), 9338498123Fax: 06742563473, 06742563331E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.odishacraft.com

85. Nafisa Ali Film star and Actress D-237, Defence Colony,New Delhi Mobile: 9811997119 (Sanjay Grover)E-mail: [email protected]

86. Nattawat Krittayanawat

Research Affairs Officials, Centre for European Studies Chulalongkorn University

3rd floor, Vidyabhathna Bldg. Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Bangkok-10330Tel: 66-2-21839223Fax: 66-2-2153580Mobile: 66897698360E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]: ces.chula.ac.th

Annexes 41


87. Neethi P Ph. D Fellow, Working on Globalisation and Organised Informal Labour Markets: A Study of Kerala’s Industrial Women Workers

Centre for Development StudiesPrasanth Nagar, Road, Ullor,Thiruvananthapuram–695 011Ph: 0471 2448881-4Fax: 0471 2447137E-mail: [email protected]

88. Nisha Post Doctoral Fellow , Department of Economics

Department of EconomicsUniversity of AllahabadEconomic Theory,8, Nabab Yousuf Road,Allahabad - 211002

89. Nivedita Borthakur Executive officer, Indian Chamber of Commerce

5, Rajgarh Link Road, Anil Nagar, Guwahati-7Telfax: 0361-2461763E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]: 09864102746

90. Nivedita Scudder Chairperson, Unnayan HIG-143, Kanan Vihar (Phase-I)P.O: PatiaBhubaneswar – 751 031 OrissaTel: 0674-2741112, 2741198;Mobile: 94370 24198Fax: 0674-2743033E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.unnayanindia.org

91. Nutan Bhargava 7/15, Savapriya Vihar,New Delhi-110016Tel: 26965340Mobile: 9810077955E-mail: [email protected]

92. Osman Goni Talukder Ministry of women and children affair

Deputy chiefMinistry of Women and Children AffairRoom #221, Building#06, Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka – 1000Ph: 880 2 7167068 (O) 880 2 8914558 (R)Fax: 880 2 7162892Mobile: 880 1712 714947E-mail: [email protected]



93. P. Nayak DirectorTextiles Committee (TC)

Market Research WingP. Balu Road, Prabhadevi Chowk, Prabhadevi, Mumbai – 400 025Tel: 00 91 022–66527515/16Mobile: 0-98202-21957 E-mail: [email protected]

94. P. Shinoj Scientist, NCAP NCAP, P. B. No. 11305Library Avenue,Pusa, New Delhi – 110012

95. P.N Mehrotra HeadDepartment of EconomicsUniversity of Allahabad

Economic Theory ,8, Nabab Yousuf Road,Allahabad – 211002

96. P. N. Anand Ex DCM Ph: 26866079

97. Palitha Ganegoda Minister, Sri Lanka High Commission

27, Kautilya Marg, Chanakyapuri,New Delhi – 110021Tel: 23014967Res: 23793712Fax: 23793604E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.newdelhi.mission.gov.lk

98. Pallavi Saha Assistant Manager (Resource Centre), NCTI

NCTI Complex, Pragati Maidan,New Delhi – 110001Tel: 23371948/50/53Fax: 23371979E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]: www.ncti-india.com

99. Pallavi Saha DGM (Marketing)National Centre for Trade Information

NCTI Complex Pragati MaidanNew Delhi–110 001.Fax: 011-23371979E-mail: [email protected];[email protected]

100. Pamela Singh Retired Sr. Manager Madhya Pradesh Tourism

D-237, 1st Floor, Defence Colony,Ph: 41555667

101. Pankaj Arya Ship Sadhana 14, Ram Block, Sector–11,RajajipuramLucknowPh: 0522 2419005Mobile: 9451952697, 9415102699

Annexes 43


102. Parvez Nayyari Senior Foreign Correspondent, IRNA

C-2/29, SDA,Hauz Khas,Ph: 9211225715E-mail: [email protected]

103. Payal Public Relations Head & Senior Secretary,ICCI

49, Community Centre,New Friends Colony,New Delhi – 110025Tel: 9810674347

104. Pradyumna K. Samantray

President, Orissa Techno-Managerial Yarn & Fabrics Marketing Co-Opsociety Ltd.

Plot No. 1195, Nayapalli,In front of CBI Colony (DAV-CRP Road),Bhubaneswar – 751012Mobile: 9861250106E-mail: [email protected]

105. Pradyut Guha Present Status: Research Scholar (UNCTAD Doctoral Fellowship Awardee)

Add: Premier Cryorgeric Ltd,Lokhra Road, Saukuchi,Guwahati – 781034 (Assam),Ph: 0361-2477317,Mobile: 09864040300,MailingE-mail: [email protected]

106. Prahlad Kumar Dy. Coordinator SAP-IIIDepartment of Economics, University of Allahabad

Department of Economics, University of AllahabadAllahabad – 211002Ph: 0532 2460505 extn 219Mobile: 9935256318E-mail: [email protected]

107. Pramod Pushkarna Group Photo Editor, Aaj Samaaj

276, Capt. Gaur Marg, Srinivaspuri, New Delhi – 110065Ph: 011-41802300/2305Mobile: 9810045182E-mail: [email protected],[email protected]

108. Prarthana Bhattacharya

Doctoral Research FellowDepartment of Economics,Jadavpur University

Mobile: +91-9836395704 [email protected]

109. Pravir Kumar Joint Secretary, Government of India, Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

Room No. 122-B, Udyog Bhavan,New Delhi – 110011Ph: 23063283,Telefax: 23062336E-mail: [email protected]



110. Pugazhenthy CEO Coordinator, SFA Sharaz Farm Academy,1-85-D, Chamundy Nagar, Kelamangalam Road, Opp. SpicBio Tech, Hosur, 27 Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu Tel: 04343-230425Mobile: 09443240425E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

111. R. Carlos Mangunsong Dept. of Economics, Centre for Strategic & International Studies

Tanah Abang III no 23-27, Jakarta – 10160, IndonesiaTel: 62-21-386553235Fax: 62-21-3847517, 3809641E-mail: [email protected]: www.csis.or.id

112. R. Panir Selvam Managing Director,Silver Green Agro ProductsExport (India) Pvt. Ltd.

1, A.R.s. Nagar, Pookkollai South, Medical College RoadThanjavur – 613 004Tel: 04362-247274 Fax: 04362-247335Mobile: 9443140199E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

113. R. Sharmila Project CoordinatorMPEDA

MPEDA,MPEDA House, Panampily Avenue, P.B. No.4272 Cochin–682 036Tel: 00 91 0484-2321722, 2312812, 2311979Fax: 0484 2312812, 2313361E-mail: [email protected]: 09447574587

114. R. Srinivasulu Consultant UNCTAD India ProjectRoom 421, The Taj Ambassador Hotel, 2, Sujan Singh Park,New Delhi – 110003Ph: 24635036/54/55Fax: 24635000E-mail: [email protected]

115. R.P. Swami Secretary-General,ICCI

49, Community Centre, New Friends Colony, New Delhi – 110025Ph: 9810096309

Annexes 4�


116. Rabindra Kumar Sahoo Secretary, Orissa Project & Marketing Development Centre,

Palamandap, P.O. Badambadi,Cuttack – 12, OrissaTel: 0671-2323314Mobile [email protected]

117. Rachel Pearlin Citizen Citizen & Civic Action group (CAG)India

9/5, II Street, Padmanabha Nagar,Adyar Chennai – 600020Ph: 044 24660387, 24914358E-mail: [email protected]

118. Rajat Acharya Professor of EconomicsDepartment of Economics,Jadavpur university

Department of EconomicsJadavpur UniversityKolkata – 700 032Ph: 033 24146328E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

119. Rajni Aggarwal President Federation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs

1-A, Lower Ground Floor, Hauzkhas Village, New Delhi – 110016Ph: 26850395/46089142 Fax: 26868531Mobile: 9810026570 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

120. Rajnikant Diwedi General Secretary,Human Welfare AssociationUP

S-15/ 116, 2 AC, Mawaiya,Sarnath, Varanasi – 221 007, Tel: 0542-5544759/2581304Mobile: 09415304759 E-mail: [email protected]

121. Rajul Mathur Department of EconomicsUniversity of Allahabad

Ashok Nagar, Allahabad – 2110020532- 2423047,2423477E-mail: [email protected]

122. Ram Upendra Das Fellow, RIS Fourth Floor, Core 4-B, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road,New Delhi – 110003, IndiaPh: 24682177/78/79/80E-mail: [email protected]



123. Rashmi Banga Sr. Economist UNCTAD India ProjectRoom 421, The Taj Ambassador Hotel, 2, Sujan Singh Park,New Delhi – 110003Ph: 24635036/54/55Fax: 91-11- 24635000E-mail: [email protected]

124. Revathi Venkatraman Secretary, Association of Women Entreprenuers of Karnataka

B-76, Industrial Estate, Rajajinagar, Bangalore – 560 010Ph: +91-80-23389964, 23111059, 23385874Fax: +91-80-26760889Mobile: 9845205669E-mail: [email protected]

125. Rezani Aziz Immediate Chairperson,Women’s Chamber of Industry &Commerce

Rowland PR106, Reid Avenue, Colombo 4,Sri LankaPh: (O)94 11 2500176, 94 11 2588120 ext 133, (R): 94 11 2806440Mobile: 94 77 3215441Fax: 94 11 2500175E-mail: [email protected]

126. Rishi Vivek Dhar (Research Scholar)Department of EconomicsUniversity of Allahabad

C/O Sri K.P Agrawal 522C/1-A Patel Nagar Meerapur, AllahabadMobile: 09336572207E-mail: [email protected]

127. Ritu Mathur Programme Officer, Human Development Resource Centre, UNDP

55, Lodhi Estate, P.O. Box 3059,New Delhi – 110003Ph: 46532429, 24628877Fax: 24627612, 24628330E-mail: [email protected]

128. S. Prabhakar Joint Director (Reporting),Lok Sabha

132, Parliament House,New Delhi Ph: (O) 23034952, 23034686, (R) 2464 3444Mobile: 9868301483E-mail: [email protected]

Annexes 4�


129. S.K Lal Department of EconomicsUniversity of Allahabad

C/O Prof S.N Lal ,5-G Alopibagh Road,Shiv-Nilay,Allahabad – 211002 Mobile: 09839160117E-mail: [email protected]

130. S.K. Kulkarni Executive EditorKesari Daily

568, Narayan PethPune – 30Ph: 094- 25468088Mobile: 09423002154E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

131. Saileswar Panda Assistant Secretary, Asst. Secretary Federation of Small & Medium Industries, W.B. (FOSMI)

23, R N Mukherjee RoadKolkata - 700 001West Bengal Tel: 033-2248-5114, 22318382, 22318446, 26790245 (R),Mobile: 09433218387Fax: 033-22104075E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.fosmi.org

132. Sailo Lalrinpuii Department of Economics, Mizoram University.

Department of Economics, MizoramMailing Add: C-65/A, Tuikual North,aizawl,Mizoram–796001, OR,

133. Saleena Mathew Professor{Fish Processing} & DirectorSchool of Industrial Fisheries,

Cochin University of Science & Technology, Cochin – 16Ph: 0484-2354711Fax: 0484-2365952E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected]

134. Saloni Jha Research Associate WTO & FTA, Foreign Trade Division, FICCI

Federation House, Tansen Marg, New Delhi-110001Tel: 23765322(D), 23738760-70 ext: 467Fax: 23721504, 23320714E-mail: [email protected]: ficci.com

135. Sanjay Kumar Government of India Mobile: 9861250106



136. Sanjeev Vasudev Stadd Development Consulting Pvt. Ltd.

A-6 DDA, Shahpur Jat New Delhi–110049 India Web: http://www.stadd.com Mobile: 91-98101-12773Tel: 91-11-26496962Telefax: 91-11-26496962

137. Santanu Kumar Patra Managing Director, Subarnrekha Marketing Pvt. Ltd.

Block Bazar, Jaleswar Balasore – 756032, OrissaTel: (06781) 222431/222134Fax: (06781) 222470Mobile: 9238500685, 9438047310E-mail: [email protected]

138. Sarabjit Singh Chhina Director,Indian Institute of Industrial Economics & Development Society,

72, Sector 4, Ranjit AvenueAmritsar, Punjab Tel: 0183-2257622Mobile: 098551-70335E-mail: [email protected]

139. Sarbajita Banerjee Secretary GBST Organisation for SocialEmpowerment and Development (OFSED)44-B, Gokul Baral Street, Kolkata - 700 012Tel: 033-22259568Mobile: 09831503355, 09433834309E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

140. Saritha S Ph D Fellow, Access and returns to higher education: A gender Perspective

E-mail: [email protected]

141. SAS Yadav AIWC 26, Industrial Area,Rewari–123401

142. Saswatee Mukherjee Doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Economics, Jadavpur University

+91-9830267862E-mail: [email protected]

143. Savitri Singh Advisor—Gender Programme,International Co-operative Alliance, Regional Office for Asia & the Pacific

9, Aradhna Enclave, Sector-13 R K Puram, Ring Road,New Delhi – 110066Tel: (91) 11-26888250 Ext. 109, Fax: 26888067E-mail: [email protected]

Annexes 4�


144. Selim Raihan Assistant Professor of EconomicsSouth Asian Network on Economic Modeling

University of Dhaka, Bangladesh 252/3 North Goran, Sipahibag Dhaka – 1219, BangladeshTel: 0088-02-8821776Fax: 0088 02 8615583Mobile: 0088 01713066420 E-mail: [email protected]

145. Shahid Ahmed Economist UNCTAD India ProjectRoom 421, The Taj Ambassador Hotel, 2, Sujan Singh Park, New Delhi–110003Ph: 24635036/54/55Fax: 24635000E-mail: [email protected]

146. Shalini Tiwari (Research Scholar)Department of EconomicsUniversity of Allahabad

C/O Prof P.N Mehrotra, Department of EconomicsMobile: 09450597341E-mail: [email protected]

147. Sharif Qamar M.A (P) Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi.

Jamia Millia IslamiaNew DelhiPh. no- +91-9891664284E-mail: [email protected]

148. Shilpi Bhardwaj Research Associate, FICCI,WTO & FTA, Foreign Trade Division

FICCI, Federation House, Tansen Marg, New Delhi – 110001Ph: 23765322 (D), 23738760-70 Ext: 511Fax: 23721504, 23320714E-mail: [email protected]

149. Shirin M. Rai Director, Leverhulme Trust Programme Gendered Ceremony and Ritual in Parliament

Department of Politics and International StudiesUniversity of Warwick, Coventry CV4 & AL, UKPh: 00-44-(0)2476-523429 (direct), 00-44-(0)2476-523486 (Secretary, GAD Programme)Fax: 44 24 76524221E-mail: [email protected] http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/research/gcrp

150. Shivani Rastogi National Institute of ManagementNew Delhi

Mobile: 9811320917

Moving towards Gender Sensitisation of Trade Policy�0


151. Shobhana Prakash Vice PresidentELCINA Electronic Industries Association of India

No.2, M.S. Ramaiah Indl EstateGokula Extension P.O.Bangalore – 560 054Ph: 080-23608788, 23603897080-23606212E-mail: [email protected]

152. Shreemoyee Patra Lucid Solutions BG-1/167, Paschim Vihar,New Delhi – 110063, IndiaPh: 45521821; 9818697944 (M)E-mail: [email protected]

153. Simontini Das UGC Senior Research Fellow, Department of Economics, Jadavpur University

Department of EconomicsJadavpur University Kolkata–700 032Ph: 033 24146328Mobile: 9830676473E-mail: [email protected]

154. Sisir Sahoo President, Kalinga Shilpi Mahasangha; Managing Trustee, Kalinga Shilpi Vikash Trust

N-3/09 IRC VillageBhubaneshwar – 751015, OrissaTel: 0674-6524299, 6523274Mobile: 099377 82343Fax: 0674-2556277E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.kalingashilpi.org

155. Sobia Ahmad Asian Institute of Trade and Development

Ph: 0092 51 2106091Fax: C/o Usman Kaker 0092 21 565 0823Mobile: 0092 321 515 7352 (preferred)E-mail: [email protected]

156. Sohail Safdar D. G. Foreign Trade Institute of Pakistan

Foreign Trade Institute of Pakistan, State Life Building No. 7, Blue Area IslamabadPh: +92-51-9203279Fax: +92-51-9202146Mobile: +923335600248E-mail: [email protected]

157. Soma Mondal Lecturer, Department of Economics, Jadavpur University

Department of EconomicsJadavpur University Kolkata – 700 032Ph: 033 24146328+91-943343887891-33-2414 6328 (O)E-mail: [email protected]

Annexes �1


158. Sonja Blasig Programme OfficerCUTS, Jaipur, India

CUTS InternationalD-218 Bhaskar Marg, Bani ParkJaipur – 302 016, IndiaTel: +91.141.2282821Fax: +91.141.2282485Mobile: 9982190865E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

159. Soumya Sahin Doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Economics, Jadavpur University

Department of EconomicsJadavpur University, Kolkata–700 032Ph: 033 24146328Mobile: 91-9830676945E-mail: [email protected]

160. Sourav Chakraborty Executive Director,Aunwesha Knowledge Technologies Pvt. Ltd.,

209, Garfa Main Road, 2nd Floor Kolkata–700 078 West BengalTelfax: 91-33-24186250 Ph; 24186214E-mail: [email protected]

161. Srikanta K. Panigrahi Director General, Indian Institute of Sustainable Development

D-77, Vikas Lane, Shakarpur,Delhi – 110092Tel: 24512876Fax: 22723376E-mail: [email protected]: www.iisd.org.in

162. Stuti Malhotra Lawyer E-mail: [email protected]

163. Subhojit Mukherjee Deputy Secretary,FISME

B-4/161, Safdarjung Enclave,New Delhi – 110029Ph: 26187948, 26712064, 46023157, 46018592Fax: 26109470E-mail: [email protected]

164. Subrahmanian T K Ph D Fellow, International Competitiveness of India’s Manufacturing Sector

Centre for Development StudiesPrasanth Nagar, Road, Ullor,Thiruvananthapuram – 695 011Ph: 0471 2448881-4Fax: 0471 2447137E-mail: [email protected] Mobile: 9447582675

165. Sunandan Ghosh Junior Research Fellow, Department of Economics, Jadavpur University

Department of EconomicsJadavpur UniversityKolkata – 700 032Ph: 033 24146328Mobile: +91-9836345493E-mail: [email protected]



166. Supachai Panitchpakdi Secretary-General of UNCTAD E-9042 Palais des Nations8-14, Av. de la Paix1211 Geneva 10, SwitzerlandT: +41 22 917 5634; +41 22 917 5806F: +41 22 917 0042E: [email protected]

167. Suresh Kotak Chairman Kotak &Co Ltd (IMC)

Navasari Building,First floor 240,Dr D. N Road,Fort, Mumbai – 400001Ph: 00 91 2222073331Fax: 00 91 22 22072267E-mail: [email protected]

168. Swapna Mukhopadhyay

Visiting Fellow National Institute of Public Finance and Policy

801/24, Heritage City;M. G.Road; DLF Phase II Gurgaon,Haryana – 122002Mobile: 91951244362847E-mail: [email protected]

169. Swati Sachdev Research Scholar Room No. 126,Tapti Hostel Center for the Study of Regional Development School of Social Sciences,Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi, IndiaMobile: (0) 9818111746

170. Swati Sharma Jr. Sub Editor, Feature DeskNaidunia News & Network Pvt. Ltd., Indore, M.P.

60/1, Babu Labhchand Chhajlani Marg, Indore – 452009, M.P.Ph: 9826078107Ph: +917313011100Fax: +917312763118E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

171. Syed Mohd. Imran Senior development Manager, Network of Entrepreneurship & Economic Development (NEED)

39- Neel Vihar, Near 14-Sector Power House, Indira Nagar, Lucknow – 226 016, Uttar PradeshPh: 0522 2750393Fax: 0091-522-2712311Mobile: 09452965486E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Annexes �3


172. T. K. Hore CEOExodus Marine Products & Export Exodus Aquatics.

Sundaram Apartment46F, Rafi Ahmed Kidwad Road6th Floor, 6C, Kolkata–700016E-mail: [email protected]

173. T. S. Dhanapalan Chairman -TFSCTANSTIA–FNF Service Centre

11th Cross Street ,Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai – 600 032Ph: 91-044-22501451 / 43534040Mobile: 09940102445E-mail: [email protected] ,[email protected]: www.tanstiafnf.com

174. T.S. Vidyasagar Principal Consultant, Thimma Performance Consultants Group

202, Sroremga Apts. 110 East Park Road, Malleswaram 8th Cross, Bangalore – 560 003Tel: 080-23445359Mobile: 09448455359E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

175. Tharadoc Thongruang Commercial Affairs Officer, Thai Embassy

Mobile: 9891200709

176. Theresa Boasiako-Korang

Assistant Editor/Freelance Researcher (Gender, Politics & Media), Information, Publication & Research Division Office of Parliament State House Accra, Ghana

Information, Publication & Research Division Office of Parliament State House Accra, GhanaTel: 233-21688015Mobile: 233-244716395E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]: www.parliament.gh

177. Uday Shanker Mishra Expert on Gender StudiesCentre For Development Studies

Prasanth Nagar Road, Ulloor, Thiruvanthapuram-695011,Kerala, IndiaPh: 91-471-2448881-4 (Extn: 222) Res: 91-471-2556026Fax: 91-471-2447137E-mail: [email protected]@yahoo.co.uk



178. Udit Misra Mint, HT Media Ltd. 16th floor, HT house, 18-20,Kasturba Gandhi Marg,New Delhi – 110001Ph: 66561234Mobile: 9818791990Fax: 66561686E-mail: [email protected]

179. Uma Swaminathan Director, SEWA Gram Mahila Haat

“Gram Haat House”, 8, Navrang Colony, Besides Kashmira Chambers, Nr Navrangpura Railway Crossing Navrangpura,Ahmedabad – 380 009Tel: 91 79 2658 9729, 26574880Fax: 91 79 26574678E-mail: [email protected]

180. Usha Ahuja Senior Scientist, NCAP NCAP, P. B. No. 11305Library Avenue, PusaNew Delhi – 110012

181. Ushree Sen Gupta UNCTAD-India Doctoral International Trade Fellow, Department of Economics, Jadavpur University

Department of EconomicsJadavpur UniversityKolkata – 700 032Ph: 033 24146328Mobile: 91-9231568075E-mail: [email protected]

182. V Jegatheesan Researcher ScholarCouncil for Social Development, India

53 Lodi Estate,New Delhi – 110003Ph: 91-11-24611700, 24615383, Extn: 251Fax: 91-11-24616061E-mail: [email protected]

183. V.P. S. Arora Dean, College of Agribusiness Management

G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & TechnologyPantnagar – 263 145Distt. U.S. Nagar, UttranchalTel: 05944-233884,Fax: 05944-233533 Mobile: 0941208852E-mail: [email protected]

Annexes ��


184. Vaijayanti Pandit Director, Western Regional Council Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI)

Krishnamai, Plot No. 33-B,Sir Pochkhanwala Road, Worli,Mumbai – 400 030Ph: 022-24968000Fax: 022-24966631, [email protected]

185. Vanali Sharma General Manager Rural Non Farm Development Agency (RUDA)

3rd Floor, Yojana Bhawan, Tilak Marg, Jaipur Ph: 91-141-2226861, 2225619 Fax: 91-141-5104844 Mobile: 09413361027E-mail: [email protected]

186. Vasavi Kumar UNIFEM D-53, Defence ColonyNew DelhiPh: 24698297/24604351Mobile: 9313704694

187. Vibhuti Shanker Executive Assistant UNCTAD India ProjectRoom 421, The Taj Ambassador Hotel,2, Sujan Singh Park,New Delhi – 110003Ph: 24635036/54/55Fax: 24635000E-mail: [email protected]

188. Vikas Medha Asst. Manager, Client Servicing, Graphisads

R-300, Greater Kailash Part-I,New Delhi – 48Tel: 26228059Fax: 26228066Mobile: 9810330407E-mail: [email protected]: www.graphisads.com

189. Vinod Apte Consultant, IMC-UNCTAD Project

Indian Merchants’ Chamber, IMC Bldg. 2nd Floor, IMC Marg, Churchgate, Mumbai – 400 020Tel: 91-22-2204 6633 Extn: 603, 91-22-2288 6362 (direct)Resi: 91-22-2833 1365Fax: 91-22-2204 8508/2283 8281Mobile: 9820093966E-mail: [email protected]

Moving towards Gender Sensitisation of Trade Policy��


190. Vinoj Abraham Joint Coordinator UNCTAD India Program at CDS &Research Associate

Centre for Development StudiesPrasanth Nagar, Road, Ullor,Thiruvananthapuram – 695 011Ph: 0471 2448881-4Fax: 0471 2447137Mobile: 9846512890E-mail: [email protected]

191. Vipul Srivastava Deputy Secretary, Indian Merchants’ Chamber,New Delhi

M-6, MIG Flats, Prasad Nagar II,Near Rajendra Place,New Delhi – 110005Ph: 25782741Telefax: 25782741E-mail: [email protected]

192. Vivek Krishna Wade Manufacturers of Paithani & Brocade Sarees

H.No. 2864, Madhali Galli,At Post. Tal. Yeola,Dist. Nasik.Ph (Res): 02559-266201Mobile: 9860382910

193. Yassine Fall Advser MDGs Ph: 212 906 6194Fax: 212 906 6705Mobile: 201 540 5826E-mail: Yassine.fall@undp

194. YumikoYamamoto UNDPAsia & Pacific Regional Center ColomboGender & Trade Programme Advisor

23, Independence Avenue,Colombo 07,Sri LankaPh: 94 11 452 6400 ext. 182Fax: 94 11 452 6410Mobile: 94 77 343 5158E-mail: [email protected]

Notes

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