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Introduction

According to Sreenivas (year not state)transport refers to the activity that facilitate physical

movement of goods as well as individuals from one place to another. In business, it is

considered as an auxiliary to trade, that means, it supports trade and industry in carrying raw

materials to the place of production and distributing finished products for consumption.

Individuals or business firms that engage themselves in such activities are called

transporter. Generally, transporters carry raw material, finished products, passenger, from one

place to another. Nowadays, goods produced at one place readily available at distant place.

Without transport, we, as well business units cannot move to expand.

Lorry is a another words for truck. It is a heavy commercial vehicle using for carry large

sum of goods through road.Literally, in Malaysia lorry is referred for average and and heavy

lorry, while truck is more general and includes for all types of lorry.

In Malaysia, lorry drivers obligate for possessed class E driver license also Good Driving

License (GDL) that is vocational license with once joint stated, in case drivers intended to

driving trailer lorry. For E class license, the drivers must above 21 years also already had D

class license (car) at least for 5 years.

Technical Terms

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AXLE WEIGHT : The total weight transmitted to the road by all the wheels on one axle.

GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT : The weight of a vehicle and its load.

TRAIN WEIGHT : The weight of a vehicle, a trailer and its load.

PLATED WEIGHT : Either the design weight limit given on a manufacturers plate or the

legal weight limit given on the Departments plate.

TRAILER: Any vehicle drawn by a motor vehicle.

DRAW-BAR TRAILER: A trailer pulled by a rigid vehicle.

SEMI-TRAILER: A trailer forming part of an articulated vehicle.

ARTICULATED VEHICLE : Atractor unit with a semi-trailer attached where part of the

load is borne by the drawing vehicle.

1. Light Truck

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Trucks that have gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) ranges from 0 to 2, 722 kilogram

commonly from pickup family such as ford ranger, mitsubishi storm and Toyota Hilux.

This type of vehicle came with 4x4 specifications, that allowed to either offroad nor onroad.

These pickup is synonym to carrying small sum of goods.

In malaysia, commonly we can see Tenaga Nasional Bhd, using pickup to completing their

duty by putting ladder, copper and others wiring staff.

Picture 1: Ford Ranger

Source: Google image

Picture 2: Mitsubishi storm

Source: Google image

Then, for truck that have gross vehicle weight rating from 2,722 to 4,536 kilogram. Examples

for these truck are ford f-150. These kind of truck is same with pickup, but different in

weights. As using for private use, it also use for work purpose, such as carrying goods and

others staff that not too large and heavy.

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Picture 3: Ford F-150

Source: Google image

Another vehicle under light truck is Hummer H1. it gross vehicle weight rating ranges from

4,536 to 6,350 kilogram. It is rarely to see this kind of truck in Malaysia. Commonly, rich

people will using this kind of truck, not for movement of good purpose, but for private leisure

purpose.

Picture 4: Hummer H1

Source: Google image

Medium Truck

Medium truck is larger that light truck and more heavier. This type of truck is using for

business purposes, such as carrying goods in large and lot quantities. They have variety of

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gross vehicle weight rating. Firstly, range from 6,351 to 7,257 kg. Then range from 7,258 to

8,845 kg. Lastly, range from 8,846 to 11,793 kg. The vehicle weight without load is between

3,000 to 7,500 kilogram

Picture 5: 2.5 ton medium lorry (GVWR)

Source: Google image

The lorry above using steel sides, but the lorry also could be equipped by wood sides to make

the lorry more lighter.

Picture 6: Hicom Perkasa 2 ton

Source: Cars.mitula.my

This is Hicom Perkasa lorry. First lorry is equipped with curtain sided, while second lorry is

equipped with wood-steel sided. The vehicle weight without load is 2960 kilograms, and with

load is 5000 kilograms. These kind of lorry is known as 2 ton lorry by mechanism 5000-2960

= 2040kg (convert to ton). The function is vary depend on sided. Curtain sided is normally to

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protect goods or cargo from destroyed. (GVW: 4,500 KG / 2,771 cc / Body Length 10'3",

12'6")

Picture 7: Garbage truck

Source: Google image

These kind of 3 tons truck were using by cleanness authority such as Alam Flora to picking

garbage from home places. It is available in standard or low profile configurations with a

capacity of 15 to 32 yards. Options include work lights, pusher or tag axle, winch, reeving

cylinder, hopper liner, cart tipper, tipper bar, wash out tank, scale and cameras. These

typically are equipped with 18,000 lb. front & 44,000 lb. rear axles.

Picture 8: Van body trucks

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Source: Google image

Van Body Trucks typically vary length from 12 to 28 and may be gas or diesel powered.

Axle ratings range from 5,000 lb. front & 15,000 lb. rear, to 12,000 lb. front & 40,000 lb. rear

on a tandem. Options include nose cone, liftgate and side doors. Typically, furniture company

had use this kind of truck to deliver goods to their customer places. These incuding in 3 tons

truck.

Picture 9: lorry with Corrugated Box Van 16' Footer - 6 Doors

These medium lorry are equipped with box van 16 footer. These box allow open side for

easier of process of unload and load. The vehicle weight with load is 5000 kilogram and

without load is 3800. This lorry under 1 ton lorry type. (GVW: 5,000 KG / 4,334 cc / Body

Length 14'5", 16'6", 20'0"). These lorry under 2 tons.

Heavy truck (10 40 ton)

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For heavy truck, it gross vehicle weight rating typically ranges from 11,794 to 14,969 kg or

above. These truck are critical for the movement of freights. These truck characterized by

high fuel consumption because carrying goods in large and bulk quantity.

Picture 10: Mixer lorry

The gross vehicle weight for mixer is 25000kg. the overall dimension in milimitre is

7747*2496*3048. These well known as 10 ton lorry.

The main element for heavy truck is prime mover. Prime mover will carried the trailers,

whether it flatbed, tank, van and many more.

Picture 11: Prime mover

Tare Weight: Front = 5270kg, Rear = 2215kg, Total = 7485kg

Tare weight includes, tanks full of fuel. It does not include turntable, bull bar or driver. The

trailer that will carry must lower than 7485kg.

Trailers

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Normally, the prime mover will come with variety type of trailer. These pictures is variety of

trailers.

- These is a logging pole trailer. It is flat beds equipped with poles to secure the

cargo. The length is 53 inch and the weight is 12,000lbs (5443.10844kg) GVWR

or 14,000lbs (6350.293180000001kg) GVWR.

- Petroleum Tanks typically have from 2 to 4 compartments with integral pumps.

Construction may be steel or aluminum. The Overall Dimensions & Weight are;

- Length(mm): 10850

- Width (mm): 2500

- Height (mm): 3650

- Curb weight(kg): 9430

- Payload(kg): 45000

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- Refrigerated Vans are constructed of aluminum with an interior lining of plywood

or kemlite. The length ranges from 20 to 53, width from 96 to 102 and height

to 136. Common equipment includes wall scuff plates and side doors.

- Furniture Vans have a lowered body, side doors, additional interior tie downs and

smooth plywood walls. They typically range in length from 28 to 53.

- Flat Beds range in length up to 53 and are constructed of steel or aluminum with

a steel, wood or aluminum floor.12,000lbs (5443.10844kg) GVWR or 14,000lbs

(6350.293180000001kg) GVWR.

- A front Bulkhead is a common feature of Flat Beds. This stops the commodity

from shifting forward during loading or under vehicle braking.

- Spread Axles allow better weight distribution for some types of loads

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- Containers are designed to be shipped by rail or water and are mounted on a

chassis for highway use. Construction is typically unlined steel and lengths vary

from 18 to 45. Standard dimensions for international marine containers are:

lengths of 20 and 40 feet; width of 8 feet; and heights of 8, 9 and 9.5 feet.

Container lengths of 24 and 45 feet are rarely used for international transport, 24-

foot containers are being phased out, and 45-foot containers are used only on

limited trade routes. Domestic containers can be 102 inches wide, but international

marine containers are limited to a width of 96 inches. marine containers are

limited to a width of 96 inches.

- Doubles (Pups) are short trailers designed to be pulled in tandem or triples.

Construction is aluminum or FRP, interior lining of plywood or fiberglass, length

range from 20 to 40, width from 96 to 102 and height up to 136.

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- Tauntliner (Curtain) Vans are similar to Dry Freight Vans except that the sides are

open and covered with canvas tarpaulins. This allows access to the entire cargo

area. The dimension is 48' long x 13'6" high x 102" wide. While frame rating is

53,000 lbs. even distributed over length of trailer. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating is

66,000 lb (29937.09642kg) and tare Weight is 14,500 lbs (6577.089365000001

kg).

- Drop Deck Tilt Trailers have a bed that tilts down hydraulically for easy loading

of equipment. They typically have a rated capacity of 20 to 30 tons and two to

four axles. Common accessories include dock level hydraulics and a electric

winch

- Flat Bed Tilt Trailers may tilt manually or hydraulically. They typically have a

rated capacity of 5 ton 20 tons and two to four axles.

- Utility Trailers may tilt manually or be equipped with a dove tail or ramp to

facilitate loading. They typically have a rated capacity of 5 ton 20 tons and two to

four axles.

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- Hydraulic Detachable Gooseneck Trailers are designed for heavy equipment

hauling. The front gooseneck is self lifting with a locking ratchet and stays

attached to the tractor for unloading. They are typically available with capacities

of 30 to 60 tons, but can go as high as 150 ton with auxiliary axle assemblies.

Common options include apitong flooring, beavertails, self contained power units

and flip third or fourth axles.

- Double Drop Deck Trailers have a lowered floor between the axles and are

designed for oversize loads and machinery. They may be equipped with ramps for

loading heavy equipment. Capacity range from 30 to 50 ton.

Conclusion

As conclusion, the variety of lorry/truck is to fulfill the delivering variety type of cargo and

goods. In the economical expanding, the more goods that can be carried, the more cost that

can be saving. It is why the function of trailers is vary, due to complying the time and cost.

The type of trailers have a different function depending what movement they carried. For

instance, large cargo such as electric pole need strong and lenghty flatbed as to carry in bulk

and fast. Last word, the process of movement of good is unique and special which of we had

exposed by these activities that we can see in highway and perhaps we could experience it.

References

http://trucks88.blogspot.com/

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Durastar

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_truck_types

http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_%28ukuran%29

http://www.rta.nsw.gov.au/publicationsstatisticsforms/downloads/45070561.pdf

Sreenivas, M. (year not stated). The role of transportation in logistics chain.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-trailer

https://docs.google.com/viewer?

a=v&q=cache:2RBAJLBsJlAJ:www.rta.nsw.gov.au/licensing/downloads/heavy_vehicle_driv

er_handbook.pdf+&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjFw8g_x-

xms8ynLM4V1ARu_KwurgceY7iyS3ei8PgWWo3q86gQInzJrWxzOFEVXp_N6XWJcP8aE

6ZMzmKkNbKyKEzNWpoX3WHe3id9j0fAr1sLtiPE3aEA017aXhiGSRoISS&sig=AHIEtbR

9gZDnJljZ0echQWsjXnu20RpGUw

http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/tswstudy/Vol2-Chapter3.pdf

www.Cars.mitula.my

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