MPGA On-Farm Soybean Population Trials: The Effects of ... · production of glyphosate tolerant...

MPGA On-Farm Soybean Population Trials: The Effects ofLower Seeding Rates on Yields

Prepared for:

MPGAP.O. Box 1760

Carmen, MB R0G 0J0Telephone/Téléphone: 201-745-6488

November 2012

Prepared by:

Ron Tone PAg, CCATone Ag Consulting Ltd.Box 333 St. Pierre, MBR0A 1V0Ph: 204-433-7189 Fax: [email protected]

MPGA Soybean Plant Population Trials Prepared by Tone Ag Consulting Ltd.November 2012 2

1 Executive Summary

The farmers in Manitoba use a variety of seeding rates and row spacing. The object of the soybeanpopulation trials was to determine the effects of lower seeding rates on yields. There was 10 fieldscale soybean trials that were set up in 2012 to determine what effect there would be on yield if theseeding rates were lowered by 30,000 seeds/acre. Seed costs are the single largest input cost forproduction of glyphosate tolerant soybeans.

In the trials the target seeding rates varied from 155,000 to 220,000 seeds/acre, row spacing from7.5 inch to 20 inch and there was 3 planters and 7 air drills used to plant soybeans. In the trials thehigh populations are what the farmer would normally plant for seeding rates. The low populationswere 30,000 seeds/acre less than what each farmer would normally plant.

1. The trial results showed a 0.6-bushel/acre yield advantage for the higher seeding rates. Thestudy did show that soybeans could have high yields even at low pre-harvest populations (Table1). Petersfield at second lowest pre-harvest population (100,000) had second highest yield. Itwas within 1.4 bushels of the highest pre-harvest plant population (166,000).

2. A reduced seeding rate of 30,000 seeds/acre would mean a savings of approximately$11.00/acre, assuming a price of $50.00 per unit cost (a unit is 140,0000 seeds) for glyphosatetolerant seed with 3022 seeds/pound.

3. The highest yield and the lowest yield were from a seeding rate of 210,000 and 220/210,000respectively. Both had a preharvest population of 166,000.

4. The actual pre-harvest population was 69% and 67% of what was planted at the high and lowpopulation respectively with range of 40 to 86% at the high population.

5. Soybean survival rate for planters was 16% and 21 % better than air drills at the high and lowpopulations respectively at the first trifoliate stage. This would mean savings of 34,440seeds/acre @ $50/unit or about $12/acre at 21% survival. (MAFRI in 2010 field trials showed17% less seed required by planter over air drill).

6. Row spacing (7.5 inch to 20 inch) did not correlate with yield meaning a 20 inch row spacingcould yield as much as a 7.5 inch row or vice versa. The highest yield was on 7.5-inch rowspacing. There would need to be more years of data to confirm.

7. For this year there seemed to be no correlation between yield and rainfall (Figure 1, 2) evenwhen looking at crucial period of R4 (pod is ¾” long at one of 4 uppermost nodes) to R6 (seedfills pod at one of four uppermost nodes).

8. % Ground cover correlated with yield meaning that the quicker the ground was covered thehigher potential for yield. The advantage being greater weed competition, soil moistureconservation and increased capture of light all potentially resulting in higher yield usingnarrower rows.

9. Soil P levels correlated well with yields meaning that generally higher soil P levels resulted inhigher yields (Figure 7). The top three yielding fields had the highest P levels.

10. Combine losses were low. There was no apparent reduction in combine loss with use of airreel. Combine losses should be less than 2%.

There will need to be another 2 years of on-farm research to determine what would be aneconomical rate of seeding for soybeans. With this additional information we will then be able tobuild a response curve to show optimum seeding rates.


Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 2

2 BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................................................... 4

3 OBSERVATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. 6

4 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 17

5 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................................................... 17

6 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 18

APPENDIX 1: AIR PHOTO MAPS............................................................................................................................. 19

APPENDIX 2: INDIVIDUAL STRIP TRIAL LOG SHEETS................................................................................... 20

APPENDIX 3: INDIVIDUAL STRIP TRIAL SUMMARY STATISTICS .............................................................. 21


2 Background

Soybean acres in Manitoba have increased to about 800,000 acres in 2012 from less than 800 acresin 1996 (MAFRI). With this increase in acres comes interest in the best management practices toensure sustainability of the industry and profitability for farmers. There is a need for an organizedon-farm collection of quality data to learn what is profitable and what isn’t. In discussions withfarmers, it appears that population is a priority.

There were 10 soybean farmers who set up strip trials across their fields in Eastern Manitoba.These 10 fields were set up to obtain data on population. The 10 fields were seeded between May9th and May 16th. There were usually 12 strips across the field. There was 6 alternating strips withthe farmer’s normal seeding rate and 6 strips that were 30,000 less seeds then the farmers normalseeding rate. There were 3 planters: 2 Case and 1 John Deere and 7 air drills (Table 2). The fieldswere usually about a ½ mile long and the strips 40 to 80 feet in width depending on what wasneeded to take a ‘pure’ combine swath. This resulted in about 2.4 to 4.8 acres in a strip or from 30to 50 acres in a trial (See Appendix 1 for Airphoto maps). Information on individual trials islocated in Appendices 2 and 3.

Seeds per pound counts (Table 4) were done on each farmer’s soybean seeds, with the results beingcompared to the seeding rates from each seed company. The soybean seeds have been put under a3-minute soak test to see the percentage of seeds that crack. These percentages range fromapproximately 3-23% (Table 4), with the lower number the better result. Anything below 10% isconsidered acceptable for percent of cracks. Integrity Labs had completed germination tests withpercent germinated ranging from 82-94% across the 10 trials (Table 4).

Plant populations (Table 3) were taken on same 10 foot strips in each strip at first trifoliate and pre-harvest.

Seeding depth was between 1.25 to 2 inches on trials.


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Dugald

Greenwald

Landmark

Morris

Petersfield

St. Malo

St-Pierre-Jolys

Stonewall

Tourond

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Petersfield

Beausejour

Dugald

St Malo

Arnaud

MorrisAubigny

Niverville

St Pierre-Jolys

St Andrews

Overview

5 0 5 10 Miles

1:600000

N

EW

S

2012-11-07

MPGA Plot Locations

Data Sources:Fields drawn by Tone Ag in cons ul tation with landowner, and subject to change.Orthophotos are 1:60,000 from Manitoba Land Ini tative websiteHighways are from Manitoba Highways and Trans portation 1:60,000 map 1994 Sections are from Manitoba Land Initative webs ite

MunicipalityHighways

# TownsFields


3 Observations

Table 1 and Figure 1 gives a summary of yields on the 10 trials. The average of high populationwas 195,000 and the average of the low population was 164,000 (Table 1). The highest yield andthe lowest yield were from a seeding rate of 210,000. Neither total rainfall nor rainfall from July26 to August 26 (R4-R6 stage) appears to correlate with yield (Table 1, Figure 1 and Figure 2).Full pod stage (R4) started July 26 in the trials. Soil moisture levels before seeding are somethingthat needs to be considered in future years.

The R4 stage (pod is ¾” long at 1 of 4 uppermost nodes on the main stem with a fully developedleaf) was reached about July 26, 2012 on most of the trials. The period of August 6 to August 13was the most stressful on the plant due to high temperatures and low precipitation. Growth inheight peaked on the week of August 8 and the number of pods maxed out at that time with thefollowing week (due to the heat and lack of precipitation). There was up to 22 pods being droppedper plant. There was a 13% loss in pods from August 6 to Aug 13; average was 7 pods loss perplant.

Location VarietyPrevious

Crop

Previous Soybean

CropsDate

Seeded

Row Spacing

(in)

High Population

(bu/ac)

Low Population

(bu/ac)

Yield Difference

(bu/ac)

Total Rainfall

(in)

Rainfall R4-R6

Stage Jul 26-Aug 18

(in.)Niverville 210 vs 180 166 vs 136 79 vs 76 Pro 2525 RR2 Corn 3 14-May-12 7.5 49.0 46.3 2.7 5.6 0.6Petersfield 190 vs 160 100 vs 92 53 vs 58 Dekalb 23-10RY Soybeans 1 14-May-12 10 47.6 46.2 1.4 9.0 1.6Aubigny 190 vs 160 107 vs 87 56 vs 54 Dekalb 25-10 RY Oats 0 14-May-12 20 42.6 42.3 0.3 7.0 0.3Beausejour 155 vs 125 103 vs 92 66 vs 74 Dekalb 23-10RY Soybeans-Rup 2 14-May-12 15 42.9 41.7 1.2 12.6 3.7Dugald 170 vs 140 145 vs 127 87 vs 91 Dekalb 25-10 RY Canola-Lib 2 14-May-12 20 40.0 40.2 -0.2 7.0 1.9St Pierre-Jolys 220 vs 190 154 vs 136 73 vs 72 Legend 005 Wheat 0 12-May-12 14.4 35.9 34.9 1.0 8.2 1.5St Malo 200 vs 170 79 vs 60 39 vs 35 Thunder 32004 Wheat 0 16-May-12 7.5 34.0 35.6 -1.6 5.9 1.3Morris 220 vs 190 164 vs 133 75 vs 70 Dekalb 25-10RY Wheat 13-May-12 20 29.5 29.7 -0.2 4.6 1.3Arnaud 210 vs 180 166 vs 141 79 vs 78 Osborne RR2 Soybeans 3 9-May-12 9 29.6 29.5 0.1 6.5 1.2St Andrews* 185 vs 145 144 vs 96 78 vs 66 Prudence Oats 1 13-May-12 15 18.0 16.8 1.2 11.1 1.8

Average: 195 vs 164 133 vs 110 69 vs 67 Average: 36.9 36.3 0.6

* Set back by herbicide and kochia

Table 1 - MPGA Soybean Population Trial Overview 2012

Target Population (K)

Actual Pre-Harvest

Population (K) % of Target


The yield difference was 0.6 bushels higher for the high population. Yields ranged from 18 to 49bushels/acre. The 18 bushels/acre yield was due to heavy infestation of kochia and what appearedto be set back of soybeans by herbicides used. Yields in general were better than expected in spiteof the low rainfall amounts that occurred especially for the month of August (Figure 2).

* St Andrews had kochia issues and herbicide setback* High soil P levels at Niverville, Aubigny, and Petersfield* Soil texture was clay except Niverville and St Andrews which were clay loam* Total rainfall was from seeding date to maturity

Figure 1 - Soybean Plant Population: High & Low vs. Total Rainfall

5.6

9.0

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Trial Locations

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0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.010.011.012.013.014.015.0

To

tal R

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fall

(in

)

High Population

Low Population

Total Rainfall (in)

Figure 2 - Soybean Plant Population: High & Low vs. R4-R6 Stage Rainfall

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1.51.3 1.3 1.2

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High Population

Low Population

R4-R6 Rainfall


There can be a range of plant survival from seeding to harvest. Plant stand counts (Table 3) weretaken at first trifoliate (June 19) and at pre-harvest. There was between 40% to 86% seed survivalby pre-harvest with an average of 69% for high population. The reason for the low of 40% at St.Malo was due to partially due to % cracks which was at 23% (Table 2) also St. Malo had a lowestgerm at 82%. The samples were taken from the seed compartment at seeding. Dugald showed thehighest % survival at 86% for high population.

Table 2 - Ground Cover

Location Planter TypeHigh rate

yield

1 % High ground cover

% Residue Cover

Row spacing

(in.)Variety

2 Season S/M/L

3 STGTAC

Crack %4 Soil Texture

Soil Ag Cap

Niverville JD 1890 A/D 49.0 94.5 24 7.5 Pro 2525

RR2M-L T 9

DCS 7 - LKD 3

Clay Loam Class 2

St Malo JD 1820 A/D 34.0 84.5 27 7.5Thunder 32004

S T 23RIV 5 -

OBO d 5 Clay Class 2-3

ArnaudFlexcoil 5000

A/D29.6 82.2 6 9

Osborne RR2

L ST 10RIV 7 -

OBO d 3Clay Class 2-3

Petersfield JD 1910 A/D 47.6 94.2 4 10Dekalb 23-

10RYS ST 11

SCY 6 - PGU 4

Clay Class 2

St Pierre-JolysFlexcoil 5000

A/D35.9 89.7 18 14.4 Legend 005 M-L T 5

RIV 7 - OBO d 3

Clay Class 2-3

St AndrewsCase 1240 Early Riser

18.0 85.3 3 15 Prudence M 5SFT s 5 - GOO ds 5

Clay Loam Class 3

BeausejourCase 1240 Early Riser

42.9 77.0 11 15Dekalb 23-

10RYS ST 9 GOO d Clay Class 3

DugaldJD CCS 1790

Planter39.9 91.6 16 20

Dekalb 25-10 RY

L ST 6RIV 2 -

OBO d 8 Clay Class 2-3

MorrisBourgault 5710 A/D

29.5 90.7 19 20Dekalb 25-

10RYL ST 3

RIV 7 - OBO d 3

Clay Class 2-3

AubignyBourgault 5710 A/D

42.6 95.3 28 20Dekalb 25-

10 RYL ST 8 OBO d Clay Class 3

1 % ground cover done July 23,24 at row closure2 Length of growing season 4 Soils:3 Susceptible Tolerance Grouping: STG RIV - Red River

T- tolerant ST - semi-tolerant OBO - Osborne

SFT - Sifton

GOO - Glenmoor

SCY - Scanterbury

PGU - Peguis

DCS - Dencross

LKD - Lakeland


There was low pre harvest population at St Malo of 89,443 and 63,888 plants/acre (Table 3). Inspite of the low population, the yield (35.6 bus/acre) was 0.7 bus higher at low seeding ratecompared to field at St. Pierre (34.9 bus/acre). At high seeding rate the yield (34 bus/acre) was 1.9bus lower compared to St. Pierre (35.9 bus/acre) which had 153,000 and 144,000 plants/acre.Results from this study are similar to an Ontario study of replicated field trials conducted between2005 – 2007 “Reducing Soybean Seed Costs through Lower Seeding Rates and Precision Seeding”by H. Bohner and H. Earl. ‘Soybeans are not highly responsive to seeding rates. Soybeans canhave a high yield across a wide range of populations.’

Beausejour - excess rains early but received precipitation between July 20 to Aug 12 of 3 inchesMorris - hail damage and low precipitation

St Andrews - had heavy kochia infestation and the soybeans were set back when sprayed for kochia

Figure 3a. - % Ground Cover and Yield vs. Row Spacing

10.0

20.0

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50.0

7.5 7.5 9 10 14.4 15 15 20 20 20

Row Spacing (in.)

Yie

ld (

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/ac)

60.0

70.0

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90.0

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Location

% G

rou

nd

Co

ver

Yield % Ground Cover

Figure 3b. - % Residue Cover vs. Yield

10.0

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40Au

bigny

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% R

esid

ue

Co

ver

Yield % Residue Cover


Table 2 shows the soil types as clay or clay loam. The Ag Capability was class 2 to 3. The varietiesranged from short season to long season. The percentage ground cover was taken at row closureJuly 23 & 24, 2012. The percent ground cover of soybeans appears to be related to yield see Figure3a. The better the ground cover the higher the yield. The percent residue cover on the fields wasalso done and showed no correlation with overall yield. This may be different in cooler/wettersprings where higher residue cover could have an impact on plant emergence and yield (Table 3b.).There was no relationship between yield and row spacing.

Plant counts taken (Table 3) at the first trifoliate on June 19 showed 74 to 77% of seed emergedand survived of the low and high seeding rate respectively. At pre-harvest there was an average of67 to 69% survival. The range was from 39% to 87% for the high seeding rate and 35 to 91% forthe low seeding rated at pre harvest.

The three planters had an average survival rate of 89% at first trifoliate and the seven air drills hadaverage survival rate of 70% (Table 3). This is similar to work done by MAFRI in 2010 “MPGAProject- Soybean Row Spacing and Population Field Scale Trials”. In the MAFRI trial it states‘The overall average survival rate was 90% for planters and 73% for air seeders’. This would resultin approximately 18% less seed required with a planter to achieve similar results. The MAFRIpopulations were taken approximately 30 days after seeding. In this project the 1st trifoliate wasapproximately June 19 which was 34 to 41 days after seeding. So timing of plant counts wassimilar and the survival rates are similar. An Ontario study of replicated field trials conductedbetween 2005 – 2007 “Reducing Soybean Seed Costs through Lower Seeding Rates and Precision

Table 3 - MPGA Soybean Plant Population Trials

LocationRow

spacing (in.)

High pop seeded (K)

High pop yield

Plant @ 1st

trifoliate

% Survival @ 1st

trifoliate

Plant @ Pre-harvest

% Survival @ Pre-Harvest

TAC Germ %

TAC Crack %

Low pop seeded (K)

Low pop yield

Plant @ 1st trifoliate

% Survival @ 1st

trifoliate

Plant @ Pre-

Harvest

% Survival @ Pre-Harvest

Dugald 20 170 39.9 163,537 96 147,482 87 82 6 140 40.0 127,693 91 126,946 91

St Andrews 15 185 18.0 171,917 93 144,271 78 94 5 145 16.8 129,518 89 96,413 66

Arnaud 9 210 29.6 183,920 88 165,528 79 84 10 180 29.5 156,816 87 141,328 79

Niverville 7.5 210 49.0 182,371 87 166,109 79 90 9 180 46.3 144,038 80 135,907 76

Morris 20 220 29.5 181,210 82 164,221 75 94 3 190 29.7 144,038 76 133,294 70

St Pierre-Jolys 14.4 210 35.9 171,820 82 153,670 73 86 5 190 34.9 143,990 76 136,125 72

Beausejour 15 155 42.9 115,579 75 102,802 66 84 9 125 41.7 109,771 88 91,766 73

Aubigny 20 190 42.6 115,652 61 107,158 56 89 8 160 42.3 98,271 61 87,294 55

Petersfield 10 190 47.6 110,817 58 100,362 53 87 11 160 46.2 101,408 63 91,999 57

St Malo 7.5 200 34.0 89,443 45 78,989 39 82 23 170 35.6 63,888 38 59,939 35

194,000 148,627 % Surv: 77% Ave: 164,000 121,943 % Surv: 74%

194,000 133,059 % Surv: 69% Ave: 164,000 110,101 % Surv: 67%

TargetPlants @

1st Trifoliate

% of Target

Plants @ Pre-

Harvest

% of Target

TargetPlants @

1st Trifoliate

% of Target

Plants @ Pre-

Harvest

% of Target

High Pop 204,286 147,890 72% 133,720 65% High Pop 170,000 150,344 88% 131,518 77%

Low Pop 175,714 121,779 69% 112,269 64% Low Pop 136,667 122,328 90% 105,042 77%

Diff. @ 1st trifoliate

Diff. @ Pre-Harvest

High Pop 16% 12%

Low Pop 21% 13%

Planter

Ave:

Ave:

Air Seeder/Drill


Seeding” by H. Bohner and H. Earl showed similar results. On trials seeded with a drill ‘plant standcounts were taken at 30 days after seeding showed that between 73-78% of the seed emerged andsurvived to 30 days after planting’.

Figure 4 compares yield with the target seeding rates. A trendline was added in order to see whattype of relationship exists between seeding rates and their effect on yield. The data from this trialshows that the higher the seeding rate, the lower the yield potential. In order to establish a moreaccurate trend on what the optimal seeding rate should be, a minimum of two years of additionaldata is needed.

Figure 4 - Yield vs. Seeding Rate

0.05.0

10.0

15.020.025.030.035.0

40.045.050.0

100 125 150 175 200 225 250

Target Seeding Rate (X1000 seeds/ac)

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Air Drill/Seeder Planter Trendline


Table 4 shows an average difference between the seeds/ pound in the spring versus seeds/pound inthe fall at harvest. Table 4 also shows the difference between the companies seeds/acre and actualsees/acre calculated by TAC. This shows the importance of doing a TKW on your soybean seedbefore seeding, as company values may not always be correct for that specific sample of seed.

Table 4 - 2012 MPGA TKW seed countTarget Seeding

Location

Spring Seeds

/lb

Fall Seeds

/lbDiff. Spr-

FallSeed

varietyCo.

seeds /lb

Co. Target

seeding rate

(lbs/ac)

Target plant pop.

Co. plant pop. seeds/ac

TAC plant pop. seeds/ac

Diff. Co. vs TAC

seeds/ac %Germ

Arnaud - H 2740 2770 30Osborne

RRZ 2800 76 210,000 212,800 208,246 2% 84%

L 2740 2770 30Osborne

RRZ 2800 65 180,000 182,000 178,105 2% 84%

Petersfield - H 3022 2632 -390Dekalb

23-10RY3142 65 190,000 204,230 196,452 4% 87%

L 3022 2632 -390Dekalb

23-10RY3142 55 160,000 172,810 166,229 4% 87%

Beausejour - H 2317 2547 230Dekalb

23-10RY2372 0 150,000 84%

L 2317 2547 230Dekalb

23-10RY0 0 120,000 84%

Morris - H 2504 3081 577Dekalb

25-10RY2517 85 220,000 213,945 212,813 1% 94%

L 2504 3081 577Dekalb

25-10RY2517 74 190,000 186,258 185,273 1% 94%

St Andrews - H 2684 2673 -11 Prudence 2200 0 185,000 94%

L 2684 2673 -11 Prudence 2200 0 145,000 94%

Niverville - H 2285 2728 443Pro

25-25RR22407 87 210,000 209,409 198,804 5% 90%

L 2285 2728 443Pro

25-25RR22407 75 180,000 180,525 171,383 5% 90%

St Malo - H 3302 3035 -267Thunder 32004

3495 59 200,000 206,205 194,845 6% 82%

L 3302 3035 -267Thunder 32004

3495 50 170,000 174,750 165,123 6% 82%

St Pierre-Jolys - H 2853 3099 246Legend

0052962 74 220,000 219,188 211,133 4% 86%

L 2853 3099 246Legend

0052962 63 190,000 186,606 179,748 4% 86%

Dugald - H 2985 3068 84Dekalb 25-10

2436 0 170,000 82%

L 2985 3068 83Dekalb 25-10

2436 0 140,000 82%

Aubigny - H 2775 3238 463Dekalb 25-10

0 68 190,000 188,673 89%

L 2775 3238 463Dekalb 25-10

0 58 160,000 160,927 89%

Average: 2747 2887 140 87%

Co. - Company from where seeds were bought


Figure 5 compares yield with fall seeds/lb and shows that there is no correlation. Mike Rankin, aCrops and Soils Agent from the University of Wisconsin, suggests that there is no relationshipbetween soybean seed size and seedling vigor and yield and that planting smaller soybean seedssaves money. Figure 6 compares the pre-harvest plant population with the fall seeds/lb and like theyield comparison in Figure 5, there is no relationship.

Figure 5 - Yield vs. Fall Seeds/lb

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Legend005

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OsborneRRZ

Dekalb25-10RY

Prudence

Seed Variety

Fal

l See

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lb

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Low Population

Fall Seeds/lb

Figure 6 - Pre-Harvest Plant Population vs. Fall Seeds/lb

50,000

62,500

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87,500

100,000

112,500

125,000

137,500

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162,500

175,000

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sfield

St M

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Location

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-Har

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Pla

nt

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pu

lati

on

(s

eed

s/ac

)

500

800

1100

1400

1700

2000

2300

2600

2900

3200

3500

Pro 25-25RR2

OsborneRRZ

Dekalb25-10RY

Legend005

Dekalb25-10

Prudence Dekalb25-10

Dekalb23-10RY

Dekalb23-10RY

Thunder32004

Seed Variety

Fal

l See

ds/

lb

High Population

Low Population

Fall Seeds/lb


Soil tests were done in spring before seeding (Table 5). There was very high soil Olsen P levels(>15 ppm) at Niverville (95 ppm), Petersfield (35 ppm) and Aubigny (31 ppm). There was high Plevels (12-15 ppm) at Dugald (16 ppm), St Pierre (12 ppm), There was medium P levels at (8-11ppm) St Andrews (11 ppm), St Malo (8 ppm), and low levels (4-7 ppm) at Arnaud (7 ppm).Generally higher soil P levels showed higher yields (Figure 7).

Table 5 soil analysis shows high soil nitrogen of 127 lbs./acre at Niverville. The plant height was25 inches, which was not the highest of the 10 fields. The nodulation was no different fromothers—nodulation required is about 10-15 per plant. “Soybeans use a tremendous amount of N.Unless there is commercial fertilizer added in the year of production (or previous fall) I would notexpect any decline in nodulation. Even 50 lbs/ac of actual in the spring sometimes shows no visualdifference in growth. It usually takes more than 70 lbs/ac of actual in the spring to reducenodulation. Sometimes as much as 150.” Horst Bohner, Provincial Soybean Specialist, OntarioMinistry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs, in e-mail 10/23/2012.

There was a correlation between soil phosphorous and yield as shown in Figure 7. The higher soilP levels resulted in higher yields. There were some additions of phosphorous fertilizer at some ofthe sites. At Beausejour 20 pounds actual P was added with the soybeans at planting. At St. Malo50 lbs./acre of MESZ was added with seed which contained 6 lbs./acre of actual N, 20 lbs./acreactual P, 10 actual Sulfur and ½ lbs./acre actual Zn. MESZ ® is a granulated fertilizer thatincorporates phosphorus, sulfur and zinc within each granule. At St. Pierre 75 lbs. of MESZ wasside banded 1.5 inches to side of seed. This amounted to 9 lbs./acre of actual N, 30 lbs./acre ofactual P, 7.5 lbs./acre of actual S and 0.75 lbs./acre of Zn.


There appears to be a correlation between soil N in soil and yield (Figure 7). There have beenreports that nitrogen does sometimes increase yield but is it economical?

Table 7 shows header types used and soybean losses after combining. Combine losses wereminimal ranging from 0.1 bus/acre to 1 bushel/acre. All combines had flexheads. Some headerswere equipped with air reels but this did not result in lower losses. Combine losses are consideredminimal if less than 2%.

Figure 7 - Soybean Plant Population: Yield vs. Soil P & N Level

0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

Nive

rville

Pete

rsfie

ld

Aubig

ny

Beau

sejou

r

Duga

ld

St P

ierre

-Joly

s

St M

alo

Morri

s

Arna

ud

St A

ndre

ws

Loca tion

Yie

ld (

bu

/ac)

0153045607590105120135150

Pro

252

5 RR

2

Deka

lb 23

-10R

Y

Deka

lb 25

-10

RY

Deka

lb 23

-10R

Y

Deka

lb 25

-10

RY

Lege

nd 0

05

Thun

der 3

2004

Deka

lb 25

-10R

Y

Osbo

rne

RR2

Prud

ence

Se e d Va rie ty

P (

pp

m)

& N

(lb

/ac)

Low Population

High Population

P Levels

N Levels

Table 7 - MPGA Combine Loss

Location Header TypeAir ReelY or N

CombineLossSeed

loss/ft2

CombineSpeedMPH

Seeds/lbBus/ac

CombineLoss

Dugald973 MacDon

Harvest HeaderN 1.8 3.4 3068 0.4

St Andrews F540 Lexion Y 3.3 4.4 2673 0.9

Arnaud Flexhead 94C N. H. Y 3.1 4.4 2770 0.8

Niverville 630F JD Y 1.4 4 2728 0.4

Morris 635F Hydraflex JD N 0.6 4.3 3081 0.1

St Pierre-Jolys Flexhead 930 JD N 2.7 3 3099 0.6

BeausejourMacDon/Case

FlexdraperY 2.8 4 2547 0.8

Aubigny974 MacDonFlexdraper

N 0.6 3.2 3238 0.1

Petersfield8000 Flexhead

GleanerN 3.8 3 2632 1.0

St Malo 630F JD Y 3.1 3.5 3035 0.7


Table 8 shows the analysis for the seed samples after harvest.

Comments on Individual trials:

Influences on yields between strips (See Appendices 2 and 3 to look at individual trial results):

1. Compaction at seeding due to the ground being wet.1. Variability of manure across strips2. Sprayer tracks in one strip but not another (up to 0.9 bushels/acre)3. Excess moisture in low areas4. Hail at Morris5. Insects – low levels6. Light frost at Morris7. Weed issues at one trial


4 Recommendations

1. Need two more years of On-Farm population trials to obtain data over more cropping toestablish regression curve like Ontario has done so that soybean seeding recommendationscould be made.

2. Determine soil moisture levels in soil prior to seeding and at harvest.

5 Conclusions

1. This study showed there was only a 0.6 bushel/acre yield advantage of high seeding rates overlower seeding rates of 30,000 less seeds/acre.

2. There appeared to be no difference in yield in the different row spacing of 7.5 inch to 20 inch.3. There could be savings of about $12/acre when seeding with a planter due to using less seed

and still maintain yield.4. Soybeans can yield well over a wide range of populations and are not highly responsive to

seeding rates.5. Soybean yields appear to have a strong relationship with soil phosphorous levels.6. The pre-harvest plant populations varied from 40 to 86% of spring target populations.7. More years of data to be able to draw a response curve in relating yield to seeding rates.


6 References

Bohner, H. and Earl, H. 2007. Reducing Soybean Seed Costs through Lower Seeding Rates andPrecision Seeding February 12, 2008 Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs andDept. of Plant Agriculture University of Guelph

MPGA Project – 2010. Soybean Row Spacing and Population Field Scale Studies

Rankin, M. Planting smaller soybean seed saves money. Retrieved on November 14, 2012 fromhttp://www.uwex.edu/ces/crops/smallseed.htm


Appendix 1: Air Photo Maps

190

210

190

210

180

210

210

210

210

180

180

180

RIV7 - OBO3 d18

Arnaud (SE 18-4-3E)

0 250 500 Feet

1:5000

N

EW

S

2012-10-29

Section LinesSoilsFieldsTest Strips

MPGA Trials

Data Sources:Fields drawn by Tone Ag in consultation with landowner, and subject to change.Orthophotos are 1:60,000 from Manitoba Land Initative websiteHighways are from Manitoba Highways and Transportation 1:60,000 map 1994 Sections are from Manitoba Land Initative website

Piney

ReynoldsGrey

Lorne Morris

Alexander

Louise PembinaFranklinStanley

Portage La Prairie

Dufferin

Rockwood

Stuartburn

Woodlands

Westbourne

MacDonald

Springfield

Rhineland

Victoria

Tache

Hanover

North NorfolkNorth Cypress Cartier

Lac Du Bonnet

South Cypress

St. Andrews

Roland

Lansdowne LakeviewSt. Clements

Brokenhead

Rosser Whitemouth

South Norfolk

De SalaberryThompson

Montcalm

St. Laurent

Ste. AnneRitchot

La Broquerie

Pinawa

Headingly

St. Francois Xavier

West St. PaulEast St. Paul

160

160

160

160

160

190

190

190

190

OBO d

29

Aubigny (NE 29-5-3E)

250 0 250 500 Feet

1:5000

N

EW

S

2012-10-29

SectionsSoilsFieldsTest Strips

MPGA Trials


Piney

ReynoldsGrey

Morris

Alexander

PembinaFranklinStanley

Portage La Prairie

Dufferin

Rockwood

Stuartburn

Woodlands

Westbourne

MacDonald

Springfield

Rhineland

Tache

Hanover

North Norfolk Cartier

Lac Du BonnetSt. Andrews

Roland

LakeviewSt. Clements

Brokenhead

Rosser Whitemouth

South Norfolk


Montcalm

St. Laurent

Ste. AnneRitchot

La Broquerie

Pinawa

Headingly

St. Francois Xavier


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##

##

155

155

155

155

155

155

125

125

125

125

125

125

GOO d

DCS xbxx

Beausejour (SW 13-15-7E)

250 0 250 500 Feet

1:4500

N

EW

S

2012-11-07

SoilsTest StripsFields

Yield (bu/ac)# 10 - 20# 20.1 - 30# 30.1 - 40# 40.1 - 45# 45.1 - 50# 50+

MPGA Trials


Piney

ReynoldsGrey

Morris

Alexander


Portage La Prairie

Dufferin

Rockwood

Stuartburn

Woodlands

Westbourne

MacDonald

Springfield

Rhineland

Tache

Hanover



Roland


Brokenhead

Rosser Whitemouth

South Norfolk


Montcalm

St. Laurent

Ste. AnneRitchot

La Broquerie

Pinawa

Headingly

St. Francois Xavier


% of Field

OBO d

RIV

OBO d

170

170

170

170

170

170

140

140

140

140

140

140

170

140

Dugald (NW 11-10-5E)

250 0 250 500 Feet

1:5000

N

EW

S

2012-10-29

SoilsFieldsTest Strips

MPGA Trials


Piney

ReynoldsGrey

Morris

Alexander


Portage La Prairie

Dufferin

Rockwood

Stuartburn

Woodlands

Westbourne

MacDonald

Springfield

Rhineland

Tache

Hanover



Roland


Brokenhead

Rosser Whitemouth

South Norfolk


Montcalm

St. Laurent

Ste. AnneRitchot

La Broquerie

Pinawa

Headingly

St. Francois Xavier


190

190

190

190

190

190

220

220

220

220

220

220

RIV7 - OBO3 d

Morris (NE 5-5-1E)

250 0 250 500 Feet

1:4500

N

EW

S

2012-10-29


MPGA Trials


Piney

ReynoldsGrey

Morris

Alexander


Portage La Prairie

Dufferin

Rockwood

Stuartburn

Woodlands

Westbourne

MacDonald

Springfield

Rhineland

Tache

Hanover



Roland


Brokenhead

Rosser Whitemouth

South Norfolk


Montcalm

St. Laurent

Ste. AnneRitchot

La Broquerie

Pinawa

Headingly

St. Francois Xavier


180210

180

180

180

180

180

210

210

210

210

210

DCS7 - LKD3

LKD7 - DCS3

15

Niverville (NW 15-7-4E)

250 0 250 500 Feet

1:4000

N

EW

S

2012-10-29


MPGA Trials


Piney

ReynoldsGrey

Morris

Alexander


Portage La Prairie

Dufferin

Rockwood

Stuartburn

Woodlands

Westbourne

MacDonald

Springfield

Rhineland

Tache

Hanover



Roland


Brokenhead

Rosser Whitemouth

South Norfolk


Montcalm

St. Laurent

Ste. AnneRitchot

La Broquerie

Pinawa

Headingly

St. Francois Xavier


AND6 xx2x - LBU4

PGU

SCY

OBO d

OBO d16

016

016

016

016

0

190

190

190

190

190

Petersfield - (W 1/2 6-16-4E)

250 0 250 500 Feet

1:7000

N

EW

S

2012-10-29


MPGA Trials


Piney

ReynoldsGrey

Morris

Alexander


Portage La Prairie

Dufferin

Rockwood

Stuartburn

Woodlands

Westbourne

MacDonald

Springfield

Rhineland

Tache

Hanover



Roland


Brokenhead

Rosser Whitemouth

South Norfolk


Montcalm

St. Laurent

Ste. AnneRitchot

La Broquerie

Pinawa

Headingly

St. Francois Xavier


185

185

185

185

185

185

145

145

145

145

145145

SFT5 d xxxs - GOO5 d xxxs

25

St Andrews (N 1/2 25-13-2E)

250 0 250 500 750 Feet

1:8000

N

EW

S

2012-10-29

SoilsFieldsTest Strips

MPGA Trials


Piney

ReynoldsGrey

Morris

Alexander


Portage La Prairie

Dufferin

Rockwood

Stuartburn

Woodlands

Westbourne

MacDonald

Springfield

Rhineland

Tache

Hanover



Roland


Brokenhead

Rosser Whitemouth

South Norfolk


Montcalm

St. Laurent

Ste. AnneRitchot

La Broquerie

Pinawa

Headingly

St. Francois Xavier


#

Ditch

OBO d

RIV7 - OBO3 d

MYT

200

200

200

200

200

200

170

170

170

170

170

170

4

St Malo (NW 4-5-4E)

250 0 250 500 Feet

1:4000

N

EW

S

2012-10-29


MPGA Trials


Piney

ReynoldsGrey

Morris

Alexander


Portage La Prairie

Dufferin

Rockwood

Stuartburn

Woodlands

Westbourne

MacDonald

Springfield

Rhineland

Tache

Hanover



Roland


Brokenhead

Rosser Whitemouth

South Norfolk


Montcalm

St. Laurent

Ste. AnneRitchot

La Broquerie

Pinawa

Headingly

St. Francois Xavier


190

190

190

190

190

190

220

220

220

220

OBO d

RIV

OBO d

OBO d

FTY

RIV

OBO d

RIV7 - OBO3 d

OBO d

220

220

St Pierre-Jolys - SW 22-5-4E

250 0 250 500 Feet

1:4500

N

EW

S

2012-10-29

SoilsSectionsFieldsTest Strips

MPGA Trials


Piney

ReynoldsGrey

Morris

Alexander


Portage La Prairie

Dufferin

Rockwood

Stuartburn

Woodlands

Westbourne

MacDonald

Springfield

Rhineland

Tache

Hanover



Roland


Brokenhead

Rosser Whitemouth

South Norfolk


Montcalm

St. Laurent

Ste. AnneRitchot

La Broquerie

Pinawa

Headingly

St. Francois Xavier



Appendix 2: Individual Strip Trial Log Sheets

Plant Counts/Yields (Square Meter) Put in Flags

Name: Doug Dyck 9 " Seeding Date: 9-May-12

Harvest Date: 24-Sep-12Check rows that may be affected by wheel tracks, the drill or aircart

1 2 1 3 4 5 2 6 7 8 3 9 10 11 4 12 13 14

190 210 190 210 180 210 180 210 180 210 180 210 180 210 180 210

Combine Monitor

30.3 30.3 29.7 31.0 30.6 28.1 29.9 30.3 26.8 31.4 29.9 26.4 29.5 29.6

Grain Cart Yield lbs 2780 2780 2720 2840 2800 2580 2740 2780 2460 2880 2740 2420

Width 30

Length 2218

Acres 1.5

Seed Loss/ft2 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.3

23-May-12 27 31 23 11 12 17 5 22 18 22 16 25 16.8 21.3

25-May-12 8 2 3 8 7 1 6 12 2 4 4 2 5.0 4.8

31-May-12 4 1 1 4 1 0 2 1 2 4 1 1 1.8 1.8

39 34 27 23 20 18 13 35 22 30 21 28 23.7 28.0 137,456 162,624

19-Jun-12 41 41 31 23 21 23 14 37 28 33 27 33 27.0 31.7 156,816 183,920

4-Sep-12 34 35 31 20 18 18 14 36 22 29 27 33 24.3 28.5 141,328 165,528

29-Jun-12 40 40 25 21 24 25 39 33 24 36 25 24 29.5 29.8

23-Jul-12 95 93 88 69 74 82 89 87 69 86 77 76 82.0 82.2

25-May-12 9 9 6 6 6 4 4 3 4 6 7 3

Notes:May 25 - Affected by frost

10 10

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10Plant count @ first trifoliate LowPlant count @ pre-harvest Low

Notes 1, 2, 3, 4 2 spayer tracks in middle of strip

AVE seed

loss/ft2

AVE pls/ac

High 165,528High 183,920

5.6

AVE High

AVE Low

141,328156,816

pls/10ft 3rd

1 ¾ "

Total pls/10ft

Seed depth of 10pls

2 "

1 ½ "

% Ground Cover

% Trash Cover

1 "

AVE pls/ac

pls/10ft Pre-Harv

pls/10ft V1

% Ground Cover

pls/10ft 2nd

Yield bus/ac

1 ¼ "

Row spacing:

Site Notes

Seed Rate

pls/10ft 1st

Plant Counts and Yields - Doug Dyck - Arnaud


Name: Ron Vermette 20 " Seeding Date:

Harvest Date:Check rows that may be affected by wheel tracks, the drill or aircart

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 9 10 11 12 13 14

160 190 160 190 160 190 160 190 160 160 190 160 190

42.1 41.8 41.8 43.0 43.2 43.0 42.3 42.8 41.8 42.3 42.6Combine Monitor

Yield lbs 5415 5385 5306 5360 5238

Weigh cart Yield lbs 5280 5240 5240 5390Bus weight 58.1 58.8 58.9 59.7% Moisture 9.4 9.5 9.4 9.3Width 35

Length 2600

Acres 2.1

0.7 0.6 0.3 0.9

31-May-12 18 39 12 26 21 18 15 29 12 15.6 28.0

4-Jun-12 23 10 22 19 9 15 28 18 22 20.8 15.5

7-Jun-12 1 0 2 1 0 2 4 0 0 1.4 0.8

42 49 36 46 30 35 47 47 34 37.8 44.3 98,794 115,652

19-Jun-12 42 49 38 50 29 31 48 47 31 37.6 44.3 98,271 115,652

4-Sep-12 39 54 34 45 28 30 38 35 28 33.4 41.0 87,294 107,158

23-Jul-12 92 95 95 94 94 95 97 97 97 95.0 95.3

4-Jun-12 18 21 17 31 32 20 44 33 34

10 10 10 10 Notes:10 10 25-May Some light frost damage

10 10 10 19-Jun Some holes in leaves,insects

Plant count @ first trifoliate Low 98,271Plant count @ pre-harvest Low 87,294

Note 1 Ditch down center shorter plants growing well

Row spacing:

Seed Rate

AVE Low

High 107,158High 115,652

27.8

Seed Loss/ft2

pls/10ft 1st

2 "

1 ½ "

% Ground Cover

pls/10ft V1

1 ¾ "

1 "

pls/10ft Pre-Harv

Seed depth of 10pls

1 ¼ "

% Trash Cover

14-May-12

AVE pls/ac

AVE pls/ac

AVE High

pls/10ft 2nd

pls/10ft 3rd

Total pls/10ft

Yield bus/ac

Site Note

Plant Counts and Yields - Ron Vermette - Aubigny


Name: Rick Hofer - Greenwald 15 " Seeding Date:


1 1 2 3 2 4 5 6 3 7 8 9 4 10 11 5 12 13 14

155 125 155 125 155 125 155 125 155 125 155 125 155 125 155 125

42.6 42.6 42.9 40.5 41.1 42.9 44.4 41.3 42.6 41.8 43.7 40.9 42.9 41.7

Weigh cart Yield lbs 3920 3920 3940 3720 3780 3940 4080 3800 3920 3840 4020 3760

Width 35

Length 1907

Acres 1.5

2.6 3.5 2.4 2.8

2-Jun-12 22 26 21 22 19 27 23 25 22 31 24 23 21.8 25.7

5-Jun-12 9 4 5 4 8 1 5 7 11 1 8 5 7.7 3.7

8-Jun-12 1 1 7 1 6 0 1 3 3 2 1 0 3.2 1.2

32 31 33 27 33 28 29 35 36 34 33 28 32.7 30.5 113,837 106,286

19-Jun-12 32 32 36 26 33 28 27 36 38 36 33 31 33.2 31.5 115,579 109,771

4-Sep-12 5 30 27 20 27 24 16 28 32 24 32 32 29.5 26.3 102,802 91,766

24-Jul-12 85 94 83 66 81 65 73 69 63 71 77 79 77.0 74.0

5-Jun-12 9 9 8 10 8 10 9 10 13 14 21 14

Notes:19-Jun Hail? Saw leaves on ground

10 19-Jun on all plots, between10 10 10 10 10 10 1-3 plants either snipped or dead

4-Sep Rows 1 and 7 were rolled over by tractor, not counted

Plant count @ first trifoliate LowPlant count @ pre-harvest Low

Note 1 15' green strip at south end Notes 2, 3 , 4 Sprayer tracks Note 5 Ditch about 10' across

91,766High 115,579 109,771

2 "

1 ½ "

High 102,802

1 ¾ "

Total pls/10ft

1 "1 ¼ "

Seed depth of 10pls

pls/10ft V1

Seed Loss/ft2

pls/10ft 1st

pls/10ft 3rd

AVE Low

AVE High

pls/10ft 2nd

Yield bus/ac

11.3% Trash Cover

% Ground Cover

pls/10ft Pre-Harv

Row spacing:

Site Notes

Seed Rate

AVE seed

loss/ft2

14-May-12

AVE pls/ac

AVE pls/ac

Plant Counts and Yields - Rick Hofer - GRN - Beausejour


Name: Edgar Scheurer 20 " Seeding Date:


1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 2 12 2 13 2 14

170 140 170 140 170 140 170 140 170 140 170 140 170 140 170 140 170 140

41.3 40.9 40.5 40.5 40.5 40.5 39.3 40.1 38.9 39.3 39.3 40.1 39.7 38.9 39.9 40.0

Weigh cart Yield lbs5150 5100 5050 5050 5050 5050 4900 5000 4850 4900 4900 5000 4950 4850

Width 39

Length 2380

Acres 2.1

Seed Loss/ft2 0.8 1.4 3.3 2.6 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.8

25-May-12 27 13 27 17 18 25 25 20 34 24 43 20 20 11 27.7 18.6

31-May-12 29 31 29 28 38 20 18 22 17 11 16 25 34 27 25.9 23.4

04-Jun-12 4 3 4 10 5 3 8 2 10 7 7 3 5 7 6.1 5.0

60 47 60 55 61 48 51 44 61 42 66 48 59 45 59.7 47.0 156,069 122,839

19-Jun-12 62 47 63 53 65 50 57 47 62 50 68 47 61 48 62.6 48.9 163,537 127,693

4-Sep-12 57 47 58 53 57 50 52 47 50 50 63 47 58 46 56.4 48.6 147,482 126,946

24-Jul-12 91 82 92 89 91 90 91 94 96 94 88 93 92 89 91.6 90.1

31-May-12 24 17 22 15 13 15 10 12 12 18 20 19 14 16

Notes:4-Jun no frost19-Jun plants are very healthy, no

10 10 10 10 10


Notes 1 Rained 1/10" so stopped #6 on September 20th Notes 2 Finished 7-14 September 23rd, shelling pods split open

1 ¼ "1 ½ "

% Ground Cover

% Trash Cover

Seed depth of 10pls 1 "

147,482

16.2

High 163,537High

holes in leaves

Seed Rate

pls/10ft 2nd

pls/10ft 3rd

AVE pls/ac

Site NoteAVE High

Yield bus/ac

AVE seed

loss/ft2

Row spacing: 14-May-12

AVE Low

2 "1 ¾ "

AVE pls/ac

pls/10ft 1st

Total pls/10ft

pls/10ft V1

pls/10ft Pre-Harv

Plant Counts and Yields - Edgar Scheurer - Dugald


Name: Wayne Jorgenson 20 " Seeding Date:


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 12 13 14Combine Monitor

220 190 220 190 220 190 220 190 220 190 220 190 220 190 220 190

32.2 34.1 29.9 32.3 31.5 27.6 30.2 29.4 26.9 29.2 26.4 25.9 29.5 29.7

Weigh cartYield lbs 3680 3900 3420 3700 3600 3160 3460 3360 3080 3340 3020 2960

Width 35

Length 2374

Acres 1.9

Seed Loss/ft2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.7

25-May-12 41 43 22 25 20 34 25 36 66 24 23 18 32.8 30.0

31-May-12 8 4 10 11 38 12 29 13 26 13 22 31 22.2 14.0

4-Jun-12 31 9 12 11 7 5 13 10 8 21 21 19 15.3 12.5

80 56 44 47 65 51 67 59 100 58 66 68 70.3 56.5 183,823 147,668

19-Jun-12 83 56 42 45 70 50 66 65 87 60 68 69 69.3 57.5 181,210 150,282

4-Sep-12 80 51 39 42 61 45 57 56 83 53 57 59 62.8 51.0 164,221 133,294

23-Jul-12 88 92 93 95 94 91 91 91 91 91 87 81 90.7 90.2

31-May-12 11 4 17 20 25 15 21 17 25 10 32 30

Notes:10 4-Jun Affected by frost.

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10


1 Note #12 is North of field, more hail on north side of fieldHigh 164,221 133,294High 181,210 150,282

18.9

pls/10ft 1st

Row spacing:

Site Note

Seed Rate

AVE High

AVE Low

pls/10ft 2nd

pls/10ft 3rd

Total pls/10ft

2 "

1 ½ "

% Ground Cover

pls/10ft V1

1 ¾ "

1 "1 ¼ "

% Trash Cover

pls/10ft Pre-Harv

Seed depth of 10pls

Yield bus/ac

13-May-12

AVE pls/ac

AVE pls/ac

AVE seed

loss/ft2

Plant Counts and Yields - Wayne Jorgenson - Morris


Name: Jordin Neufeld 7.5 " Seeding Date:


1 2 3 4 5 1 6 7 8 9 2 10 11 12 13 14Combine Monitor

180 210 180 210 180 210 180 210 180 210 180 210 180 210 180 210

40.3 46.4 42.7 49.5 47.4 51.6 48.4 55.9 49.5 41.1 49.5 49.5 46.3 49.0

Yield bus. 76 88 81 94 90 98 92 106 94 78 94 94

Width 35

Length 2362

Acres 1.9

Seed Loss/ft2 1.2 1.7 1.1 1.4

4-Jun-12 19 17 26 39 26 37 24 28 17 13 15 21 21.2 25.8

7-Jun-12 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 1 0.5 0.5

19 17 26 39 26 37 25 28 19 15 15 22 21.7 26.3 151,008 183,533

19-Jun-12 19 17 22 34 26 39 24 29 17 17 16 21 20.7 26.2 144,038 182,371

5-Sep-12 19 16 19 29 24 35 24 25 17 18 14 20 19.5 23.8 135,907 166,109

6-Jul-12 54 55 51 63 42 33 32 69 30 63 57 55 44.3 56.3

24-Jul-12 97 97 98 97 97 93 90 95 86 92 91 93 93.2 94.5

4-Jun-12 19 23 27 6 18 19 34 26 38 28 26 20

10 10 Notes:19-Jun trifoliate leaves yellow

(chlorosis)19-Jun row 9 contains lots of debris


Note 1 2 sprayer tracks Notes 2 Nothing unusual

AVE High

High 166,109High 182,371

23.7

AVE Low

Row spacing:

Site Note

Seed Rate

Yield bus/ac

2 "

1 ½ "

% Ground Cover

% Trash Cover

1 "1 ¼ "

1 ¾ "

1 "

pls/10ft 1st

pls/10ft V1

pls/10ft 2nd

pls/10ft 3rd

AVE seed

loss/ft2

Seed depth of 10pls

14-May-12

AVE pls/ac

AVE pls/ac

% Ground Cover

Total pls/10ftNOT DONE

pls/10ft Pre-Harv

Plant Counts and Yields - Jordin Neufeld - Niverville


Name: Edward Hofer - Netley 10 " Seeding Date:


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14Combine Monitor 160 190 160 190 160 190 160 190 160 190 160 190 160 190

46.0 48.2 46.1 47.8 46.5 47.4 46.0 47.4 46.5 47.0 46.2 47.6Weigh wagon Yield lbs 7017 7352 7028 7292 7091 7229 7014 7216 7088 7157

Width 30

Length 3688

Acres 2.5

Seed Loss/ft2 3.9 2.9 5.2 2.5 4.4 4.2 3.9

2-Jun-12 12 14 12 14 23 20 16 17 10 14 14.6 15.8

5-Jun-12 4 6 2 3 2 2 3 6 9 4 4.0 4.2

8-Jun-12 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.2

16 20 16 18 26 22 19 23 19 18 19.2 20.2 100,362 105,589

18-Jun-12 17 18 14 21 26 22 20 26 20 19 19.4 21.2 101,408 110,817

4-Sep-12 16 18 12 18 23 21 17 22 20 17 17.6 19.2 91,999 100,362

6-Jul-12 57 58 48 57 16 43 63 65 36 36 44.0 51.8

24-Jul-12 91 97 92 95 76 96 92 94 93 89 88.8 94.2

5-Jun-12 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5

Notes:10

10 10 10 10

Plant count @ first trifoliate LowPlant count @ pre-harvest LowHigh 100,362 91,999

High 110,817 101,408

3.5

% Ground Cover

pls/10ft Pre-Harv

AVE pls/ac

AVE High

pls/10ft 2nd

pls/10ft 3rd

Total pls/10ft

pls/10ft V1

Yield bus/ac

AVE pls/ac

2 "

1 ½ "

% Ground Cover

% Trash Cover

Seed depth of 10pls

1 ¾ "

1 "1 ¼ "

AVE seed

loss/ft2

14-May-12

AVE Low

pls/10ft 1st

Row spacing:

Site

Seed Rate

Plant Counts and Yields - Edward Hofer - NC - Petersfield


Name: Andrew Knowles 15 " Seeding Date: 13-May-12

Harvest Date: 03-Oct-12Check rows that may be affected by wheel tracks, the drill or aircart

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

185 145 185 145 185 145 185 145 185 145 185 145 185 145 185 145Combine Monitor

18.7 22.0 18.7 14.6 16.8 16.8 16.0 16.8 17.8 14.2 20.0 16.4 18.0 16.8

Weigh cart Yield lbs.2486 2924 2490 1945 2235 420 400 420 444 356 500 410

Width 40

Length 2411 2411 2411 2411 2411 454 454 454 454 454 454 454

Acres 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Seed Loss/ft2 4.7 3.0 2.3 3.3

25-May-12 28 29 23 21 13 32 28 19 29 28 26 4 24.5 22.2

30-May-12 18 17 15 10 25 8 17 12 13 8 18 14 17.7 11.5

5-Jun-12 2 2 10 2 11 2 4 5 8 3 4 12 6.5 4.3

48 48 48 33 49 42 49 36 50 39 48 30 48.7 38.0 169,594 132,422

18-Jun-12 47 48 48 33 49 42 52 31 49 38 51 31 49.3 37.2 171,917 129,518

4-Sep-12 39 27 38 25 46 31 43 29 0 30 41 24 41.4 27.7 144,271 96,413

24-Jul-12 95 95 94 94 95 90 96 66 62 76 70 75 85.3 82.7

31-May-12 5 5 4 4 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 1

Seed depth of 10pls Notes:10 5-Jun No Frost

10 10 9 4 24-Jul Kochia has taken over a 1 6 good portion of the field (70-80%)

10 4-Sep Row 9 rolled over by tractor,not included

Plant count @ first trifoliate LowPlant count @ pre-harvest LowHigh 144,271 96,413

3.0

High 171,917 129,5182 "

pls/10ft Pre-Harv

1 ¾ "

1 ¼ "

% Ground Cover

% Trash Cover

1 ½ "

Total pls/10ft

pls/10ft V1

1 "

AVE pls/ac

AVE Low

pls/10ft 2nd

pls/10ft 3rd

AVE pls/ac

Yield bus/ac

AVE seed

loss/ft2

AVE High

pls/10ft 1st

Row spacing:

Site

Seed Rate

Plant Counts and Yields - Andrew Knowles - St Andrews


Name: Mark Racine 7.5 " Seeding Date:


1 1 2 1 3 4 1 5 1 6 2 7 8 1 9 1 10 11 1 12 13 14

200 170 200 170 200 170 200 170 200 170 200 170 200 170 200 170

32.5 35.0 33.8 35.0 35.0 35.0 33.8 36.3 33.8 36.3 35.0 36.3 34.0 35.6

Combine Monitor

Yield bus/ac 26 28 27 28 28 28 27 29 27 29 28 29 27.2 28.5

Width 30

Length 2300

Acres 1.6

2.3 4.5 3.0 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.1

4-Jun-12 11 5 9 7 6 13 3 3 15 8 13 2 9.5 6.3

7-Jun-12 1 1 0 1 2 3 3 1 0 2 2 1.3 1.6

12 6 9 8 8 16 6 4 15 8 15 4 10.8 7.7 75,504 53,434

19-Jun-12 14 7 16 11 10 21 7 5 15 7 15 4 12.8 9.2 89,443 63,888

4-Sep-12 15 7 10 11 10 17 6 5 15 0 12 3 11.3 8.6 78,989 59,939

23-Jul-12 85 77 82 76 87 79 91 72 92 79 70 40 84.5 70.5

4-Jun-12 12 28 23 33 17 25 29 26 26 33 34 32 15 16

15-Jun-12 20 16 9 18 37 15 21 27 7 24 17 9 27 21 21 25

½ " 10 10 Notes:10 10 10 10 4-Jun

10 1010

10 4-Sep10


Notes 1 Since ¼ section is not square , sprayer tractks go diagonally across strips 1, 3, 5, 6 ,9 ,10 122 Through middle of ditch at West end about 150 yards

AVE seed

loss/ft2

16-May-12

AVE High

Seed Loss/ft2

AVE pls/ac

AVE pls/ac

pls/10ft 1st

Row spacing:

Site Notes

Seed Rate

Yield bus/ac * 1.25

AVE Low

79,419

2 - 2 ¼ "

NOT DONE

AVE pls/acre

Seed depth of 10pls

Total pls/10ft

pls/10ft V1

% Ground Cover

High

pls/10ft 3rd

pls/10ft Pre-Harv

% Trash Cover

1 ½ "

pls/m2 (Across Field)26.50

High

1 ¾ "

1 "

Row 10 rolled over bytractor, not included

1 ¼ "

pls/10ft 2nd

Seeing quite a few seeds on top of ground, sending plants for diagnostic.

89,44378,989

63,88859,939

Plant Counts and Yields - Mark Racine - St Malo


Name: Alain Robidoux 14.4 " Seeding Date:


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 10 11 12 13 14Combine Monitor

220 190 220 190 220 190 220 190 220 190 220 190 220 190 220 190

35.3 34.2 36.4 35.8 37.9 37.3 37.4 36.3 35.1 30.8 33.2 34.8 35.9 34.9

Yield lbs 3037 2942 3129 3074 3258 3208 3215 3118 3019 2645 2858 2992

Width 30

Length 2455

Acres 1.7

Seed Loss/ft2 3.6 3.1 2.7 2.6 3.0

4-Jun-12 37 45 35 33 55 38 56 31 32 34 28 38 40.5 36.5

7-Jun-12 3 2 6 3 1 3 4 3 8 2 4 8 4.3 3.5

40 47 41 36 56 41 60 34 40 36 32 46 44.8 40.0 162,745 145,200

19-Jun-12 41 44 46 31 55 44 65 36 48 33 29 50 47.3 39.7 171,820 143,990

4-Sep-12 34 44 42 30 52 41 61 31 39 31 26 48 42.3 37.5 153,670 136,125

9-Jul-12 74 72 41 47 72 63 77 52 66 81 64 56 65.7 61.8

23-Jul-12 92 93 82 82 92 88 95 92 89 94 88 82 89.7 88.5

4-Jun-12 21 26 10 11 12 20 19 21 20 20 23 14

10 Notes:10 19-Jun row 4 very wet

10

Plant count @ first trifoliate High 171,820 Low 143,990

Plant count @ pre-harvest High 153,670 Low 136,125Note 1 Through straight part of ditch

18.1Seed depth of 10pls

AVE pls/ac

2 "

1 ½ "

% Ground Cover

% Trash Cover

AVE Low

NOT DONE

pls/10ft Pre-Harv

1 ¾ "

Total pls/10ft

pls/10ft V1

1 "1 ¼ "

% Ground Cover

AVE pls/ac

pls/10ft 2nd

pls/10ft 3rd

AVE seed

loss/ft2

12-May-12

AVE High

Yield bus/ac

pls/10ft 1st

Row spacing:

Site Note

Seed Rate

Plant Counts and Yields - Alain Robidoux - St Pierre


Appendix 3: Individual Strip Trial Summary Statistics

StripsYield

Difference1 and 2 30.3 30.3 0.03 and 4 29.7 31.0 1.35 and 6 30.6 28.1 -2.4 7 and 8 29.9 30.3 0.49 and 10 26.8 31.4 4.611 and 12 29.9 26.4 -3.5Average 29.53 29.60 0.07

6, 9 and 12 had sprayer tracksStrips 1 and 3 were seeded at 190K

Strip Trial Summary - Arnaud

Yield (Bu/Ac) 180K 210K

Yield Average By Strip Pairs

25.0

26.0

27.0

28.0

29.0

30.0

31.0

32.0

Strip Pairs

Yie

ld (

Bu

/Ac)

180K 30.3 29.7 30.6 29.9 26.8 29.9

210K 30.3 31.0 28.1 30.3 31.4 26.4

1 and 2 3 and 4 5 and 6 7 and 8 9 and 10 11 and 12

StripsYield

Difference1 and 2 42.1 41.8 -0.33 and 4 41.8 43.0 1.25 and 6 43.2 43.0 -0.27 and 8 42.3 42.8 0.49 41.8Average 42.25 42.63 0.27


Strip Trial Summary - Aubigny


40.0

41.0

42.0

43.0

44.0

Strip Pairs

Yie

ld (

Bu

/Ac)

160K 42.1 41.8 43.2 42.3 41.8

190K 41.8 43.0 43.0 42.8

1 and 2 3 and 4 5 and 6 7 and 8 9

StripsYield

Difference1 and 2 42.6 42.6 0.03 and 4 42.9 40.5 2.45 and 6 41.1 42.9 -1.77 and 8 44.4 41.3 3.09 and 10 42.6 41.8 0.911 and 12 43.7 40.9 2.8Average 42.89 41.66 1.23

Sprayer tracks on 4/5


Strip Trial Summary - Beausejour


38.0

39.0

40.0

41.0

42.0

43.0

44.0

45.0

Strip Pairs

Yie

ld (

Bu

/Ac)

155K 42.6 42.9 41.1 44.4 42.6 43.7

125K 42.6 40.5 42.9 41.3 41.8 40.9


StripsYield

Difference1 and 2 41.3 40.9 0.43 and 4 40.5 40.5 0.05 and 6 40.5 40.5 0.07 and 8 39.3 40.1 -0.89 and 10 38.9 39.3 -0.411 and 12 39.3 40.1 -0.813 and 14 39.7 38.9 0.8Average 39.95 40.22 -0.11


Strip Trial Summary - Dugald


38.0

39.0

40.0

41.0

42.0

Strip Pairs

Yie

ld (

Bu

/Ac)

170K 41.3 40.5 40.5 39.3 38.9 39.3 39.7

140K 40.9 40.5 40.5 40.1 39.3 40.1 38.9

1 and 2 3 and 4 5 and 6 7 and 8 9 and 1011 and

1213 and

14

StripsYield

Difference1 and 2 32.2 34.1 -1.93 and 4 29.9 32.3 -2.45 and 6 31.5 27.6 3.87 and 8 30.2 29.4 0.99 and 10 26.9 29.2 -2.311 and 12 26.4 25.9 0.5Average 29.50 29.74 -0.23

Hail damage gradually increasing towards 12


Strip Trial Summary - Morris


25.026.027.028.029.030.031.032.033.034.035.0

Strip Pairs

Yie

ld (

Bu

/Ac)

220K 32.2 29.9 31.5 30.2 26.9 26.4

190K 34.1 32.3 27.6 29.4 29.2 25.9


StripsYield

Difference1 and 2 40.3 46.4 6.13 and 4 42.7 49.5 6.85 and 6 47.4 51.6 4.27 and 8 48.4 55.9 7.49 and 10 49.5 41.1 -8.411 and 12 49.5 49.5 0.0Average 46.31 49.00 2.70


Strip Trial Summary - Niverville


40.042.044.046.048.050.052.054.056.058.0

Strip Pairs

Yie

ld (

Bu

/Ac)

180K 40.3 42.7 47.4 48.4 49.5 49.5

210K 46.4 49.5 51.6 55.9 41.1 49.5


StripsYield

Difference1 and 2 46.0 48.2 2.23 and 4 46.1 47.8 1.75 and 6 46.5 47.4 0.9 7 and 8 46.0 47.4 1.39 and 10 46.5 47.0 0.5Average 46.25 47.57 1.32

Strip Trial Summary - Petersfield



44.0

45.0

46.0

47.0

48.0

49.0

Strip Pairs

Yie

ld (

Bu

/Ac)

160K 46.0 46.1 46.5 46.0 46.5

190K 48.2 47.8 47.4 47.4 47.0

1 and 2 3 and 4 5 and 6 7 and 8 9 and 10

StripsYield

Difference1 and 2 18.7 22.0 -3.33 and 4 18.7 14.6 4.15 and 6 16.8 16.8 0.07 and 8 16.0 16.8 -0.89 and 10 17.8 14.2 3.511 and 12 20.0 16.4 3.6Average 18.00 16.81 1.19


Strip Trial Summary - St Andrews


13.014.015.016.017.018.019.020.021.022.023.0

Strip Pairs

Yie

ld (

Bu

/Ac)

185K 18.7 18.7 16.8 16.0 17.8 20.0

145K 22.0 14.6 16.8 16.8 14.2 16.4


StripsYield

Difference1 and 2 32.5 35.0 -2.53 and 4 33.8 35.0 -1.35 and 6 35.0 35.0 0.07 and 8 33.8 36.3 -2.59 and 10 33.8 36.3 -2.511 and 12 35.0 36.3 -1.3Average 33.96 35.63 -1.67

Strip 7 was through middle of ditch at west end


Strip Trial Summary - St Malo


30.0

31.0

32.0

33.0

34.0

35.0

36.0

37.0

Strip Pairs

Yie

ld (

Bu

/Ac)

200K 32.5 33.8 35.0 33.8 33.8 35.0

170K 35.0 35.0 35.0 36.3 36.3 36.3


StripsYield

Difference1 and 2 35.3 34.2 1.13 and 4 36.4 35.8 0.65 and 6 37.9 37.3 0.67 and 8 37.4 36.3 1.19 and 10 35.1 30.8 4.411 and 12 33.2 34.8 -1.6Average 35.90 34.85 1.04

10 had ditch in it.


Strip Trial Summary - St Pierre


30.0

31.0

32.0

33.0

34.0

35.0

36.0

37.0

38.0

Strip Pairs

Yie

ld (

Bu

/Ac)

220K 35.3 36.4 37.9 37.4 35.1 33.2

190K 34.2 35.8 37.3 36.3 30.8 34.8


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