MPPSC 2019 -...

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GEOGRAPHY

MPPSC 2019

Website : mppscadda.com Gmail: [email protected] Telegram : t.me/mppscaddaWhatsApp : 7982862964 WhatsApp/Call : 9711733833

GEOGRAPHY

MPPSC 2019

Website : mppscadda.com Gmail: [email protected] Telegram : t.me/mppscadda

GEOGRAPHY

MPPSC 2019

Website : mppscadda.com Gmail: [email protected] Telegram : t.me/mppscadda WhatsApp : 7982862964 WhatsApp/Call : 9711733833

MADHYA PRADESH GEOGRAPHY

CONTENTS

Chapter 1

a. An introduction to Geography of Madhya Pradesh

b. Factual Takeaways

Chapter 2

a. Physical Geography of Madhya Pradesh


Chapter 3

a. Climate Season and Rainfall in Madhya Pradesh


Chapter 4

a. Soils in Madhya Pradesh


Chapter 5

a. Rivers and Drainage System of Madhya Pradesh


Chapter 6

a. Irrigation and River Valley Projects


Chapter 7

a. Forests of Madhya Pradesh

b. State of Forest Report 2017 (MP Specific Data)

c. Factual Takeaways


Chapter 8

a. Wildlife of Madhya Pradesh

b. Biosphere Reserves

c. National Parks

d. Wildlife Sanctuaries

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CHAPTER 1

An Introduction to Geography of Madhya Pradesh

Madhya Pradesh is the second largest state by area and 6th largest

state by population.

MP shares its borders with 5 states—

o Uttar Pradesh in north east

o Chhattisgarh in south east

o Maharashtra in south

o Gujarat in west and

o Rajasthan in North West.

Madhya Pradesh does not touch any International border and has no

coast line.

Area of Madhya Pradesh is 3,08,252 kilometres square which is 9.38% of

the total geographical area of our country.

12 districts of Madhya Pradesh share boundary with Uttar Pradesh

while only 2 districts share boundary with Gujarat.

Physiographic map of India divides Madhya Pradesh into 3 Geographical

divisions that is

o Central Highlands

o Satpura—Maikal Range and

o Baghelkhand plateau.

On the western part of the state the Deccan trap is present while on the

eastern part the Vindhyan mountain range is present.

Climate of Madhya Pradesh is Subtropical.

Narmada is the longest river of the state.

Narmada and Tapi rivers flow westwards.

Tropic of Cancer passes almost through the middle of the state through

14 districts.

Black soil is the most commonly found soil in Madhya Pradesh.


Highest peak of Madhya Pradesh isDhupgarh in Satpura range with an

altitude of 1,350

Bhedaghat which is in Jabalpur is known for Dhuadhar falls and world

famous marble rock mountains on the hanks of river Narmada.

Kanha National Park which is also a Tiger Reserve is the largest National

Park of MP.

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF MADHYA PRADESH

The famous novel Jungle book by "Rudyard Kipling”draws its

inspiration from the forests of Pench National Park.

Karera Bird Sanctuary in Shivpuri district is famous for the Great

Indian Bustard (Son Chidiya).


CHAPTER 2

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF Madhya Pradesh

Region Area

&Location Districts Rivers Crops Miscellaneous

Central India

Plateau

Total area

is 32896

sq Km

[10.6% of

MP It covers

North

latitude

24-26.48

and Eat

Longitude

75.5-74.1

Gwailor,

Bhind,

Shivpuri,

Shoepur,

Morena,

Mandsaur,

Nimach

Chambal,

Sindh,

Parwati, Kwari

Wheat,

Jawar,

Alsi, Sesame

Its many parts

is hilly and

undulation. Soil is majorly

Laterite, black.

Bundel- Total area Tikamgard, Betwa, Wheat, Cattle are


khand

Region is 23733

sq Km

[7.71 % of

MP].

Datia,

Chattarpur

and few

tehsils of

Shivpuri,

Gwailor and Bhind

Sindh,

Phauj,

Ken,

Ghasan

Jowar,

Saseme found in large

numbers Highest peak

of

Bundelkhand

is Sighbaba

peak [1172

meters]

Rewa Panna Plateau

Total area

is 31954

sq Km

[10.36% of

MP]

Rewa, Panna,

Damoh and

few tehsils of Sagar district

Tons,

Ken,

Sonar,

Bichya,

Bihar

Wheat,

rice, Jowar

Major Land is

Red and

Mixture of Red

+ black and

Red + Yellow. Diamonds are

found in large

numbers in

mines of

Majhagon and

RAMKHEDIA Cement

industry is

also found in

Satna, Rewa and Lakhat

Malwa Plateau

Total area

is 88272

sq Km

[26.6 % of MP].

Indore, Ujjain,

dewas, Dhar,

Raltam,

rasisen,

Shajapur,

sehore, Jhabua

Betwa,

Chambal,

Gambhir,

Kalisindh,

Shipra, Bama

It is the

area of

Daccan

trap

with

Black

Laterite

soil.

Cotton mills of

Indore,

Artificial silk of

Nagda and

fertilizer of

Vijaypur is

famous. Uranium is

found in

Sagar,

Chattarpur. Highest peak

of Malwa

plateau is

Sigar [ 881

Meters]

Narmada

Son Valley

Total area

is 86000 sq Km.

Jabalpur,

Hoshangabad,

Raisen,

Khandwa,

Narmada,

Son

Wheat,

Jowar, Cotton

It has dark

black and


Khargone,

Mandla medium black

soil Major

industries

include

Cement, glass,

Limestone,

Marble etc Sal trees are

also found in

Son valley

Satpura

Maikala Range

It covers

34000 sq

kms [11%

of MP]

Khandwa,

Khargone,

Betul,

Balaghat,

Alirajpur,

Chindwara Seoni

Tapti,

Tawa,

Vardha,

Venganga, Shakkar

Jowar,

Wheat, cotton

It has hightest

peak of MP –

Dhoopgard. Major minerals

includes

Manganese,

Marble,

Bauxite, Coal,

Marble etc.

Eastern

Baghelkhand Plateau

It covers

approx.

26000 sq

kms [7% of

MP]

Jabalpur,

Shahdol,

Umaria, Sidhi,

Katni,

Singrouli

It has an

average

rainfall of 125

cms The highlands

are made up of

Ancient Rocks,

Gondwana

Rocks,

Vindhya

Rocks,

Dharwar rocks

etc Coal, Bauxite,

Manganese is

found here.


Factual Takeaways

Madhya Pradesh is surrounded by five states and is completely

Landlocked.

From the geological point of view Madhya Pradesh is the Part of

Gondwana land.

Gondwana range is divided into lower, middle and upper Gondwana.

Madhya Pradesh shares largest borders with Rajasthan and shortest

with Gujarat.

Deccan trap is situated on the Western portion of the State.

Vindhya Range is situated on the Eastern portion of the State.

Total Geographical area of Madhya Pradesh constitutes 9.38% of total

area of our country.

Undivided MP had 9 physical divisions while as of now Madhya Pradesh

has 7 physical divisions.

The seven natural divisions of Madhya Pradesh are—

1. Plateau of Central India,

2. Plateau of Bundelkhand,

3. Plateau of Malwa,

4. Plateau of Rewa—Panna,

5. Narmada—Sone Valley,

6. Satpura Maikal range and

7. Plateau of Baghelkhand.


1. Plateau of Central India

Plateau of Central India region receives less rainfall and Bhind

district which receives least rainfall in this region only.

Chambal is the most important river of this region and alluvial soil is

the most prominent soil found here.

This area has subtropical forest which has Babul, Kher and

Sheesham.

Famous tourist attractions of Gwalior are in this region. Sahariya tribe is found here. Mustard is widely grown followed by wheat.

2. Plateau of Bundelkhand

Plateau of Bundelkhand is composed of rocks of granite and gneiss. It lies to the east of Central India plateau. Areas under Datia, Chhatarpur. Panna,Niwari,Tikamgarh. Shivpuri.

Gwalior and small area of Bhind and small portions of Northern part of our state constitute plateau of Bundelkhand.

It has Continental type of climate and rainfall is between 75-100 centimetres.

Betwa, Ken and Sindh are the main rivers of the region. The most famous tourist spot of Madhya Pradesh that is

Khajurahois located in this region only. Rock phosphate is found here. Jowar,wheat and lentils are grown in this region. Mixed soil is more prevalent in this region.

3. Plateau of Malwa

It covers almost the entire western region of Madhya Pradesh.

The plateau is formed by the rocks of Deccan trap.

Its topography is in the form of plain upland.

Climate of this zone is even, tropical monsoon type with average

rainfall of around 120-130 centimetre.

Soyabean, wheat, cotton, groundnut, gram and sugarcane are mainly

grown.

It is one of the most prosperous regions of Madhya Pradesh and

Indore lies in this region only.

It constitutes of districts of Mandsaur. Ratlam, Shajapur, Rajgarh,

Sagan Indore, Guna, Vidisha, Raisen, Dewas, Sehore, Bhopal and

Ujjain.

Chief rivers of this region arc Chambal, Kali, Sindh, Betwa. Parvati,

Kshipra etc.

4. Narmada-Sone Valley


This region is drained by Narmada and Son rivers extending from

north east to west.

Districts of Jabalpur, Narsinghpur, Hoshangabad, Raisen, Khandwa,

Dhar and Dewas constitute this region.

Typical monsoon type climate prevails here and average rainfall is

around 125 centimetres.

Deep Black soil is found in this region.

5. Plateau of Rewa-Panna

Districts of Damoh, Satna, Rewa, Panna and Sagar constitute this

region.

Climate is continental type and rainfall is around 125 centimetres.

Laterite soil is prominent in this region.

Major agricultural crops are wheat, jowar and oil seeds.

Major rivers in the region are Tons, Ken and Son.

6. Satpura Maikal Range

This range rises in Gujarat running east through borders of

Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh to the East till Chhattisgarh.

Districts of Balaghat, Seoni, Chhindwara, Betul, Khandwa and

Khargone constitute this region.

Tapi is the chief river flowing through the region.

Three ranges which have found here are-- Rajpipla, Satpura and

Maikal.

Rainfall varies between 125 and 175 centimetres and the climate is

monsoon type.

Jowar is the main agricultural crop along with wheat, rice and cotton.

This region is rich in minerals.

7. Plateau of Bundelkhand

Districts of Shandol, Umaria, Sidhi, Singrauli and Dindori constitute

the region.

Son is the chief river flowing through the region.

Red yellow soil is mainly found in this region,

It is made up of Gondwana and Vindhyan Rock groups.

Energy capital of Madhya Pradesh which is Singrauli is situated in

this region only and the area is rich in coal.

Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of this plateau.

Climate is monsoon type and the rainfall varies between 125 and

175 centimetres.


CHAPTER 3

Climate Season and Rainfall in MP

Madhya Pradesh is divided into 5 Climatic zones

1. Northern Plains – Extreme climate conditions are experienced here

with very hot summer and very could Winter

2. Hilly Region of Vindhyan – It does not have extreme temperatures.

3. Baghelkhand Plateau – Tropic of cancer passes through its middle

and has monsoon climate.

4. The Narmada Valley – It is very hot in summer and moderately cold

in winter

5. The Malwa Plateau – It has moderate climate which is neither too hot

in summer nor not too cold in winter. Indian meteorological

department has indicates 4 different seasons in MP. They are as

follows –

Cold weather season: December mid to March Mid

Hot – Dry weather Season : March Mid to May

Wet Season : June to September

Retreating Monsoon Season : October to December mid

Rainfall distribution in MP

Very High Rains [200 cm] – Panchmadi and its nearby areas.

High Rains [125-150 cm] – South east Madhya Pradesh, Balaghat,

Amarkantak

Medium Rains [75-80 cm] – North East Madhya Pradesh,

Bundelhand plateau and Rewa Panna Plateau

Low Rains [30-75 cm] – Jhabua, Dhar, Neemuch, Madsaur, Ujjain

and Ratlam

Very low Rains [Below 30 cm] – Bhind, Morena, Nothern areas of

Bhopal and few other parts of western MP


Factual Takeaways

Madhya Pradesh has monsoon type of climate.

ln terms of climate Madhya Pradesh is divided into four parts viz.

Northern plains, Malwa plateau, Vindhya plateau region and Narmada

Valley.

Tropic of Cancer passes midway through Madhya Pradesh and has great

influence on the climate of the state.

Climate is the average of the weather conditions taken over a long period

of time.

Most of the rainfall in Madhya Pradesh is received through southwest

monsoon.

Because of its location Madhya Pradesh receives rainfall from both

Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branch.

Madhya Pradesh is a landlocked state and hence there is no moderating

effect of the sea.

Lowest temperature is registered at Pachmarhi (Hoshangabad).

Pachmarhi of Madhya Pradesh receives highest rainfall (199

centimetres).

Bhind of Madhya Pradesh receives lowest rainfall (55 centimetres).

Temperature and pressure changes due to the change in position of the

Sun, and hence the climate changes.

Rainfall received in the month of December and January is due to

western disturbances and are cyclonic in nature.

Tropic of Cancer passes through14 districts of Madhya Pradesh.

Based on the rainfall distribution Madhya Pradesh has been divided into

three parts—low rainfall region, average rainfall region and high rainfall

region.

On 21st June sun is vertically overhead on Tropic of Cancer and it is

summer solstice.

The only weather observatory of Madhya Pradesh is located at Indore.

Highest temperature in Madhya Pradesh has been recorded at

Khajuraho of Chhatarpur district.


Average rainfall of Madhya Pradesh is 112 centimetre.

Presence of Tropic of Cancer responsible for making climate of Madhya

Pradesh tropical. (On 22nd December the sun is directly overhead Tropic

of Capricorn hence it is winter solstice.)

Western part receives less than 75 centimetre of rainfall while eastern

part receives greater than 75 centimetre of rainfall.

Madhya Pradesh receives rainfall from June to September.

Madhya Pradesh has three seasons namely summer, winter and rainy

season.

Summer in Madhya Pradesh is also known asUnala, Siyala for winter

and Chaumasa for rainy season.

Rainfall received due to retreating monsoon is known as Mavatha in

Madhya Pradesh.


CHAPTER 4

SOILS

SOILS CHARACTERISTICS REGIONS FOUND Black Soil

Also called as Regur soil. Has water retention capacity. Iron, lime is found in the

soil. Lacks phosphorus, nitrogen. Cotton, soyabean, wheat,

gram, jowar is cultivated in the soil.

Found in maximum part of state. Approx 47%.

Covers Malwa plateau, Narmada basin, ranges of Maikala, Satpura.

Red and Yellow

Soil

Created by Gondwana rocks by breakage and erosion.

Red color is due to presence of iron.

Aluminum and lime is found in the soil.

Lacks nitrogen and humus. Its ph value ranges from 5.5

to 8.5 thus can be acidic to alkali or basic.

Rice, linseed, grains are cultivated in the soil.

It covers 36.5% of the state.

Found in eastern part of MP bundelkhand, baghelkhand region.

District like Rewa, Panna, Mandla, Balaghat, Chhatarpur.

Alluvial Most fertile in nature. Found in north-western


Soil Used for cultivating sugarcane, mustard, jute etc.

region i.e. Chambal. District like Shivpuri,

Bhind, Gwalior, Morena has alluvial soil deposited from rivers like Chambal.

Laterite Soil

Found by long term weathering of parent rock.

Has aluminium and iron oxide in abundance.

Found in Shivpuri, Morena, Bhind and Gwalior.

Mixed Soil

Mixture of black, red yellow soil.

Cereals are mainly grown in mixed soil.

Found in Bundelkhand region.

Factual Takeaways

Soil is formed by the agents of weathering and degradation which has

acted upon the parent rock material to produce thin layer of soil.

Soil is the mixture of rock debris and organic material which develop

on the earth's surface.

The major factors that affect the formation of soil are relief, parent

material, climate, vegetation and time.

Alluvial soil is the most fertile soil because of surplus of minerals.

Wheat, sugarcane and mustard are grown on alluvial soil.

Old alluvial soil is known as Bangar while new alluvial soil is known as

Khadar.

Mixed soil is found in Bundelkhand region.

Coarse cereals are grown in mixed soil in general.

Mixed soil contains red, yellow and black soil as mixture.

Mixed soil is found in Bundelkhand region also.

Laterite soil is suitable for wheat, cotton and sugarcane.

Laterite soil is mainly found in Bhind, Morena, Gwalior and Sheopur

region.

Black colour in black soil is due to the presence of iron.

Water retaining capacity of black soil is maximum.

Black soil is of three types viz. Dark black soil, normal black soil and

layered black soil.


Black soil is also known as regur soil.

Black soil is acidic in nature.

Red yellow soil is made out of Gondwana mountain ranges.

Paddy is mainly grown on red yellow soil.

Red yellow soil is mainly found in the Eastern part of Madhya Pradesh

especially Baghelkhand region.

The removal of the top layer of the soil which contains humus and other

organic material is known as soil erosion.

Chambal River in Madhya Pradesh is responsible for maximum soil

erosion.

Red and yellow soil is found in sufficient quantity in Mandla, Balaghat,

Shahdol and Umaria district.

Most of the part of the state of Madhya Pradesh is covered by Black

soil.

Laterite soil is the most fertile soil and is found in layers.

Under the black soil, the subcategory called normal black soil is mostly

found in Madhya Pradesh.

The formation of black soil in Madhya Pradesh is out of Deccan trap

and basaltic igneous rocks.


CHAPTER 5

Rivers and Drainage System of MP

MAJOR RIVERS OF MADHYA PRADESH RIVERS LENGTH ORIGIN AT DRAINS AT FACTS

1. Narmada river

Total length is 1312 KM but in MP

it flows 1077 KM. Catchment

area is 93180 sq

kms

It originates at

Amarkantak [Anuppur District] in Maikal hills

Gulf of Khambhat, Arabian Sea

Other names of Narmada is Namados [by

Ptolemy], Rew,

Maikalsutra etc

Indira Sagar [Punasa Dam]

and Sardar sarovar are dams build on Narmada

river. Major

waterfalls include


Kapildhara, Dudghdhara, Dhuandhar fall, Mandar,

Dardi fall Sahastra Dhara etc

2. Chambal River

It is the 2nd longest river of MP with total length on 965 kms.

It originates from Janapav hill near Mhow [Indore District]

It falls in Yamuna river near Etawah [UP]

Its major tributaries include Sindh, Kali Sindh, Paravti, Banas, Shipra etc It marks northern boundary of MP with rajasthan Major dams include Gandhi sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar etc It flows through Dhar, Ujjain, Ratlam, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Morena, Shoepur, Bhind districts etc

3. Betwa river

The total length of the river from its origin to its confluence with Yamuna is 590 kilometres

It originates at Kumara Village in Raisen district

Confluence is with Yamuna near Hameerpur [UP]

It marks the boundary between MP and UP. It passes through Vidisha, Bhopal, Sagar, Tikamgarh in MP It is also referred at


Ganga of MP and was called Vetravati in ancient puranans Its tributaries includes Bina, Dhasan, Sindhu etc Mata -Tila reservoir is build on it Vidhisha, Orcha, Sanchi, Guna are major towns located on the banks of Betwa.

4. Tapti River

It flows westwards over a length of 724 km

It originates at Multai [Betul District], MP

It falls at Gulf of Khambat [Arabian Sea] in Gujarat

It flows parallel with Narmada and flows east to west. It’s main tributary is Purna [west bank] Burhanpur is the major town located at its bank

5. Son River

The Son river which is 784 kilometres long, is one of the longest Indian rivers

It originates in Amarkantak [Anupur district] near Narmada river origion

It confluence with Ganga river near Danapur in Bihar

In MP it flows through Anupur, Umeria, Shahdol, Sidhi, Rewa, Singrauli districts Bansagar dam is build at Devlod [Shahdol District] Johila is its main tributary

6. Tawa River The Tawa is the Narmada's

It originates from Kalibhit hills

It joins the Narmada at the village of Bandra

Longest dam of MP is located on


longest tributary, at 172 km.

in Mahadeo mountain [Pachmarhi]

Bhan in Hoshangabad District.

Tawa at Hoshangabad MP’s only hill station Pachmardi is located on Tawa river

OTHER RIVERS 1. Shipra River

It originates from Kakara Bardi Hills [Indore] and confluences with

Chambal river

Ujjain [famous for Mahakal Temple] is situated on its Banks

Khan river is its tributary.

2. Kali Sindh River

Its length is 150 kms.

It originates from Bagli tehsil [Dewas] and confluence with Chambal

river in Rajasthan

In MP it flows through Dewas, Shajapur and Narsinghgarh district

3. Parvati River

It originates in Sehore district and confluences with Chambal river.

Shajapur, Rajgarh, Astha are important towns located on its banks

4. Wainganga River

It originates in Seoni [Paraswada plateau]

In MP it flows through Seoni, Balaghat, Chindwara districts

Pranhita [Maharastra] is the confluence of Wainganga and Wardha

5. Ken River

Its length is 427 Kms

It originates from Vindhyachal and confluence with Yamuna river.

6. Sindh River

It originates from Sironj [Guna Districts] and confluence with

Chambal in UP.

In MP it flows through Guna, Shivpuri, Bhind, Datia districts.


7. Tons River

It originates in Kaimur Hills [Satna District] and confluences with

Ganga river [UP]

8. Wardha River

Its length is 528 Kms

It originates at Vardhan peak at Multai Tehsil [Betul District]

It confluences with Wainganga in Maharastra

9. Choti Tawa

It is made of 2 small rivers called Sukta and Awana.

Its presence is in Burhanpur district


Factual Takeaways In India, maximum number of rivers flow in MP

MP is also known as `Maeka' of rivers.

5 longest rivers of MP are- Narmada, Chambal, Son, Tapti and Betwa.

Narmada is MP's longest and 5th longest river in India.

Narmada river is termed as the life line of MP.

Narmada is the main river of MP and is considered sacred as the Ganges.

Narmada originates from MP state.

Narmada passes through MP, Gujarat and Maharashtra states.

From Amarkantak, 3 rivers originate within a distance of 3 km—

Narmada, Son and Johila.

Famous geographer Ptolemy has referred to Narmada river as Namados.

Narmada and Tapti rivers do not form deltas, instead they make

estuaries.

In Mahabharata, it is said that Tapti is the daughter of Sun god.


Narmada—Shipra confluence is in Ujjaini village, 20km from Indore.

Shipra river is known as the Ganges of Malwa.

Betwa is known as the Ganges of MP.

On the banks of Shipra. Mahakumb fair is organized every 12 years.

Chambal river has been a refuge for dacoits because of the presence of

ravines.

Chambal river flows in MP, UP and Rajasthan states.

MP's longest dam is on Tawa river, Hoshangabad district (1322 m).

The confluence point of Vardha and Benganga rivers is known as

'Pranhita'.

MP's highest waterfall is Chachai.

MP's first hydel power project is Gandhisagar dam in Mandsaur on

Chambal river.


CHAPTER 6

Irrigation and River valley projects of MP

Introduction Wells – They are the main source of irrigation in MP which accounts for

69% [approximately] of irrigated area especially in Malwa plateau and northern districts

Canals – It covers 17.8% of irrigated area of MP and used in Gwailor, Bhind, Morena, Soepur tikamgard, Chattarpur districts

Ponds – It covers 2.3% of total irrigation of MP and are mainly used in Balaghat and Seoni districts

Districts with good irrigation facilities are - Datia, Hoshangabad, Gwailor, Morena,

Districts with poor irrigation facilities are – Dindori, Anupur, Mandla, Shahdol etc.

Major Irrigation Projects


1. Chambal

River Project

Its joint project of MP and Rajasthan

It was commenced in 1954 and was completed in 3 phases

Gandhi Sagar Dam – It has been constructed in Mandsaur

in the First phase of Chambal Valley project. Gandhi Sagar

Hydro Power station was installed in it. 115 MW power is generated

Ranapratap Sagar Dam – It is been constructed in

Chittorgarh district of Rajasthan. The produces 172 MW

power and has water storage capacity in 1567 million Cubic meters.

Jawahar Sagar dam – It was the last stage of Chambal river

project and is located in Kota district. It produces 99 MW power. The right bank canals irrigate MP.

2. Narmada Valley Project

It is the multipurpose project with a total of 29 big, 135

medium and 3000 small projects.

It irrigates 27.55 lakh hectares and it generates 3000 MW

power.

Indira Sagar project is at Punasa [Khandwa]

whereas Sardar Sarovar project is at Bharooch, Gujarat. Besides these, Omkareshwar and Maheshwar reservoir are also important for irrigation and electricity generation. Several committees were constituted to resolve disputes like Khosla committee [1964], narmada water disputes Authority [1969], Saifuddin Committee [2006] and Shunglu Committee.

3. Samrat Ashok Sagar Project

It is also called Halali project as it is based on Halali river in Raisen and Vidhisha districts


Its irrigation capacity is 37000 hectares 945 meter long and 29 meter tall dam is constructed under it.

4. Rani Awantibai Sagar Project

It is also called Bargi project as it is based on Bagri river [tributary of Narmada]. It is located in Jabalpur district but it also benefit mandla, Seoni, and Narsinghpur Districts It can provide irrigation to 1.50 lakh hectare land.

5. Tawa River Project

It is located at Hoshangabad district of MP and has longest dam of MP Its irrigation capacity is 3.3 lakh hectares.

6. Bansagar Project

It is the joint project of MP, UP and Bihar. The electricity generation is 405 MW and is shared in the ratio of 50:25:25 by MP:UP:Bihar respectively. It benefits Rewa, Sidhi and Shahdol districts of MP. 120 Meter long dam is build on river Son near Devlond, 50 Km from Rewa.

7. Ken-Betwa Project

It was the 1st project under river linking project. It is the joint project of MP and UP The major beneficiary is Bundelkhand region of MP. 231 KM canal will connect ken and betwa rivers Chattarpur, raisen, tikamgard, vidhisha and panna districts will get irrigated under it.

8. Rani Laxmi bai project

It is also called mata tila project It is a joint project of MP and UP.


This project is on river Betwa.

It would benefit 6 districts of MP by irrigating 1.16 hectare of land.

9. Pench

project

It is also called mata tila project

It is a joint project of MP and UP.

This project is on river Betwa.

It would benefit 6 districts of MP by irrigating 1.16 hectare of land

10. Pench project

It is the joint project of MP and Maharsatra

The dam is constructed on pench river at chhindwara district

It would benefit balaghat and chindwara district by irrigating 63,300 hectares of land.

11. Rajghat Project

It is the joint project of MP and UP.

This project is made on river Betwa near Lalitpur, Jhansi [UP]

It provides irrigation to 34000 hectare land.

12. Mahi project

This project is made on Mahi river which would irrigate 12770 hectare of land.

2 dams are constructed on Dhar and Jhabua district

13.

Bhawanthari

It is the joint project of MP and Maharashtra


project

The project is been constructed in balaghat district

It would irrigate 18600 hectare land in MP

Joint projects of MP MP And Rajasthan- Gandhi Sagar, Ranapratap Sagar, Jawahar Sagar MP And Maharashtra – Wagh Project, Pench Project, Bawanthari Project,

Kali Sagar Project MP And UP – Urmil Project, Rani Laxmibai Rajghat Project, Mata Tila

Project. MP, UP And Bihar – Ban Sagar Project MP, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra – Sardar Sarovar Project.

Factual Takeaways

M.P water Resources Department was formed in 1956.

o Irrigation simply means watering the crops through artificial

means.

o In MP, irrigated area is 7140 thousand hectares.

o In MP. Irrigation Nigam was formed in 1976.

In MP. There are 3 main sources of irrigation—canals, wells and ponds.

Maximum irrigation is done by wells (66.3%).

Maximum irrigation by wells is done in western regions of MP.

Maximum irrigation by wind mills is done in Indore.

Maximum irrigation by canals is done in districts such as—Bhind,

Morena, Sheopur, Gwalior, Mandsaur, Neemuch, Hoshangabad,

Raisen, Sehore, Vidisha etc.

In Balaghat and Seoni, irrigation is done by ponds.

MP's average annual rainfall is 112 cm.

District with lowest irrigation is Dindori (0.8%).

MP’s first multipurpose river valley project Chambal Project which began

in 1953-54.


Mrs first inter-valley project has been built on Choral river in

Dr.Ambedkar Nagar, Mhow.

Narmada is an interstate river and flows through MP, Gujarat and

Maharashtra.

On Narmada, there are 29 big, 135 medium and 3000 small projects.

Narmada Control Authorty (NCA) was formed in 1980.

Indira Sagar Project was inaugurated in 1984 by the then PM Indira

Gandhi.

Ken-Betwa link project will pass through Panna National Park. This

project is being seen as a revolution from environmental point of view.

Mahi project is on Mahi river in Dhar.

Man project is on Man river in Dhar district near Jirabad.


CHAPTER 7

Forests of Madhya Pradesh

Basic Facts Tropical forest are found in MP

It is been divided in 16 forest circles and 62 forest divisions

Khandwa is biggest forest circle and Hoshangabad is smallest forest circle.

Historical Background Nationalization of forest – 1970

MP forest animal preservation act – 1974

Panchvan scheme – 1976

Social forestry scheme – 1976

Lok vahini pilot project – 1999

MP’s Forest policy – 2005 [1st in 1952]


Data on Forest Cover

Total forest in MP is calculated by 2 reports 1. State of forest report – It gives recorded forest area which is more of

administrative nature 2. Forest survey of India report 2017 – It is done after every 2 years and its data

is more acceptable and realistic.

STATE OF FOREST REPORT 2017 Total recorded forest area in MP is 94689 and its administrative classification is

Reserve forest – 61886 sq km Protected forest – 31098 sq km Unclassified forest – 1705 sq km

Approx. 30.72% is Recorded forest area under forest in Madhya Pradesh which is 12.3% of total Indian forest. FOREST SURVEY OF INDIA report 2017, [which is more accurate and acceptable] Total forest cover area in MP is 77414 sq km which is 25.11% of MP

geographically area . There is reduction of 48 sq kms [compared to 2015 forest survey of India report] Per capita forest : 0.16 sq km [national average is 0.07 sq km] In terms of forest canopy density classes,

Very dense forest [VDF] – 6563 sq km Moderately dense forest [MDF] – 34551 sq km Open forest – 35889 sq kms Scrub – 6222 sq kms

As per Forest Survey of India 2017 report

Top 3 districts with maximum forest area

1. Balaghat [ 4934 sq km] 2. Chhindwara [4560 sq

km] 3. Betul [3653 sq km]

Top 3 districts with minimum forest area

1. Ujjain [27 sq km] 2. Shajapur [46 sq km] 3. Ratlam [55 sq km]

Top 3 districts with maximum percentage of forest cover

1. Balaghat [53.46%] 2. Shoepur [52.77%] 3. Umaria [49.85%]

Top 3 districts with minimum percentage of forest cover

1. Ujjain [0.44%] 2. Shajapur [0.74%] 3. Ratlam [1.13%]


Classification of Forest

Tropical Deciduous forest

It is found in maximum area of MP where rainfall in 50-100 cms

It is found in Hoshangabad, Betul, Chhindwara, sagar etc districts [close to line of cancer]

Their leaves fall in summer Main trees – teak, shisham, neem, peepal etc

Tropical semi Deciduous forest

It is found in areas of red-Yellow soil with rainfall 100 – 150 cms.

Districts – Balaghat, Madla, Annupur, Shahdol, Singruli, Seoni, Umaria etc

Trees – Sal, teak, Mahua, peepal, shisham etc Not all trees shed their leaves [only partially]

Tropical dry deciduous forest

Rainfall – 25-75 cm Districts – Seopur, shivpuri datia, gwailor, morena,

tikamgard, ratlam, etc Trees – Largely thorny, catechu, babul, harra, seja,

palas etc

Forest institutions in MP

State forest development corporation – Bhopal [1975] Indian forest research Institute [regional center], Tropical Forest

institute – Jabalpur College of forestry [forest management training center] – Balaghat

[1979] and betul [1980] Forest ranger training institute – Balaghat Regional forestry schools – Amarkantak, shivpuri, lakhadon [seoni],

govindgard [rewa] Indian institute of forest management [iifm]- Bhopal [1982] Sanjivini Institue – Bhopal Forest research and human development institute – Chhindwara MP ecotourism development corporation – Bhopal [2005]


CHAPTER 8

WILDLIFE OF MADHYA PRADESH (Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks)

Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks

MP has 3 biosphere reserves. These are

1. Panchmarhi [1999]

2. Amarkantak – Achanakmar [2005]

3. Panna biosphere reserve [ 2001]

National park and wildlife sanctuaries are created and preserved under

the Act – wildlife protection act, 1974

MP holds 1st rank in maximum number of national parks and wildlife

sanctuaries in India.

MP has 11 national parks and over 30 wildlife sanctuaries to provide

natural environment to animals and preserve nature.

7 sites for Project Tiger [6 national parks + Ratapani sanctuary, Raisen

in 2010]


Maximum number of national parks under Project Tiger. [2nd rank –

Maharashtra]

10% of world’s and 19% of India’s tiger are found in MP

Latest National Park is – Omkareshwar National park [ Khandwa

district]

Largest National Park – Kanha Kisli [940 sq kms]

Smallest – Fossils National park [Dindori] 0.27 sq km

National Parks

1. Kanha Kisli National park

MP’s 1st and biggest National Park

Made safari in 1933, sanctuary in 1952, national park in 1995 and

project tiger in 1974

Barahsingha [Bredary species of swamp deer] is found here

Hollo and Banjar Valley is tourist attraction

In association with national park service of USA, park interpretation

scheme is been implemented

2. Bandhavgarh National Park

It was made national park in 1968 and was included in Project tiger in

1993

Surrounded by 32 hill and present in 437 sq kms in Umaria

White tigers are found here

Maximum tiger dencity [ 1 tiger/8 kms]


3. Panna National Park

It is made national park – 1981 and project tiger in 1995

Reptiles are main attraction here

Its area is 543 sq km

Airplane service is available in this national park

4. Madhav National Park

It is made national park in 1958 and is located in Shivpuri district

National highway 3 passes through it

George castle is present here

5. Pench National Park

It is also called Indira Gandhi Pridarshini national park.

It is made national park in 1975 and project tiger in 1983.

“Mogliland” is main tourist attraction here.

Its area is 293 sq km and located in Chhindwara – seoni districts of

MP [border of mp and Maharashtra]

6. Sanjay national park

In the unified MP [when chattishgarh was part of MP], this was largest

national park. It was earlier called Dubari sanctuary

It is made national park in 1981 and project tiger in 2008

Its present area is 466 sq kms

7. Satpura national park

It is made national park in 1983 and project tiger in 2000.

It is 525 sq km and located in Hoshangabad district

8. Fossils national park

It is one of the 4 fossils national parks of India.

It is the smallest national part of MP.

It Is located in Dindori

9. Van Vihar national park

It was declared national park in 1979

Its area is 4.45 sq km and it is located in Bhopal

10. Omkareshwar national park

It is proposed by Government of India and MP

It is located in Khandwa district of MP

Its size is 239 sq km


11. Dinosaur fossil national park, Dhar

This national park is proposed at Dhar district of MP

It is also referred as bag fossils park.

It is created to preserve dinasour fossils and eggs.

Its size is approx. 108 sq kms

Wildlife Sanctuaries

Largest wildlife sanctuary is Nauradelhi [Sagar]

Smallest wildlife sanctuary is ralamandal [Indore]

Crocodile protection

o Chambal Sanctuary [Morena]

o Son Sanctuary [Sidhi – Shahdol]

o Ken Santuary [Chattarpur – Panna]

Kharmaur bird protection –

o Sardarpur [dhar]

o Sailana [ratlam]

Son bird [golden bird] protection –

o Karera [shivpur]

o Ghatigaon [gwailor]

Dudhraj [MP’s state bird] is protected at Sardarpur Sanctuary [Dhar]

Kamdhenu gai abhayaranya [Cow protection and research] is done at

Shajapur district


FACTUAL TAKEAWAYS MP has 11 National Parks(6 under project Tiger) and more than 31

Sanctuaries

Cheetal is the most commonly found animal in the National parks in MP.

India’s first solar park is Ganeshpur(Rajgarh)

India’s smallest bird (Fulchuki) and Tallest bird Saras both are found in

MP

MP's biggest National Park is Kanha kisli (area 940 sq km).

MP’s smallest National Park is Fossil Park (area 0.27 sq km).

MP’s first Fossil Park is in Dindori.

MP has the highest number of National Parks and sanctuaries in India.

MP's biggest sanctuary is Nauradehi, Sagar (1194.67 sq km).

MP's smallest sanctuary is Ralamandal.

MP's only Snake Park is in Bhopal.

Reptile Park is in Panna.

Bhopal's Van Vihar National Park is a unique National Park which is also

recognized as modern zoo.

Kanha Kisli is MP's only National Park where rare species hard-ground

Barasingha (Cervus duvauceli branderi is found.

In Kanha Kisli National Park, Haloghati and Banjar Ghati are located.

In Kanha Kisli, training is given for wildlife conservation.

Kanha Kisli National Park attracts maximum tourists.

Kanha region was made a sanctuary in 1933 and a National Park in

1955.

Pench National Park is also known as Indira Gandhi Priyadarshini

National Park.

MP is also known as Tiger State.

As per All India Tiger Assessment Report 2014, MP stands 3rd in the

country with 308 tigers (after Karnataka 406 and Uttarakhand 340

tigers).

White Tiger Safari is being created in Mukundpur, Rewa district.

The founder of Project Tiger in the world is Gainy Manford while that in

India is Kailash Sankhaliya.

Tiger Project in MP Is' started from Kanha National Park.

Bandhavgarh National Park is MP's most dense park (from point of view

of tigers) and has 1 tiger per 8 sq km.

Bandhavgarh National Park is famous for

White Tigers. Rewa district is famous for

White Tiger. Bandhavgarh National Park is

surrounded by 32 hills.

Ratapani sanctuary is included under project

Tiger

Project Elephant and Project Hangul are

also running in MP.


In Madhavgarh National Park, Shivpuri, there is a magnificent castle

called George Castle built on the top of a hill.

In Satpura National Park, maximum Black Bucks are found.

As per Wildlife Conservation Act 1972, Tiger Foundation Society has

been formed in every Tiger Project of state

since 1997.

On 1'' Nov 1981, MP govt declared

Barahsingha deer as state animal and

Dudhraj or Shahi Bulbul (Paradise

Flycatcher) as state bird.

For conservation of Kharmaur bird, there

are two sanctuaries—Sardarpur (Dhar) and

Sailana (Ratlam).

For conservation of Son bird, there are two sanctuaries—Karera

(Shivpuri) and Ghatigaon (Gwalior).

For conservation of Ghariyal, there are three sanctuaries-Chambal

(morena), Ken (Chattarpur) and Son (Shahdol).

For conservation of Vulture, Project

Survival has been started in gandhi Sagar

Sanctuary.

For conservation of state bird Doodhraj,

there is Sardarpur Sanctuary.

Panchmari is declared as Biosphere

Reserve by central forest and Environment

ministry.This is MP’s 1st and India’s 10th

Biosphere Reserve.

Old name of Sanjay Sanctuary is Dubri Sanctuary

It is proposed that more Asian Tigers will be translocated from Gir

National Park to Palanpur Kuno Sanctuary (Morena)

It is proposed to convert Panna Sanctuary into National Park for

Buffalo.

Sirpur Lake lndore became Bird Sanctuary in 2012.

***********

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