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The Impact of Electric Vehicle Penetration on South Africa’s Demand Profile MQBNAV001 Naveed Ahmed Maqbool
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The Impact of Electric Vehicle Penetration on South Africa’s Demand
Profile
MQBNAV001 Naveed Ahmed Maqbool
Literature Review Charging Models Impact of Charging Models on grid Impact of different EV penetration rates on grid South Africa energy supply and demand Impact of EV on Rondebosch Utility Tariff Development Affordability EV Manufacturers Limitations of EV’s V2G Technology Conclusions and Recommendations
Presentation Structure
What is an EV? How does an EV function? Pollution rates? Internal Combustion versus
EV Battery Technologies
Li-Ion NiMH PbA
Fuel Cell EV versus BEV
Literature Review
Models developed for different charging patterns
Step Loading Model
Uniform Loading Model
Interval Loading Model
Charging Models
Analysis on the demand profile in different seasons
South Africa’s Demand Profile
MWh
Comparison of demand profiles in summer and winter
Off-Peak demand profile for South Africa
100% Penetration Rate
50% Penetration Rate
20% Penetration Rate
10% Penetration Rate
100% EV
Penetration
W/O EV Step Interval Uniform
Peak Load
(GW) 42.2 55 45.6 46.2
Peak Hour 12:00 20:00 02:00 02:00
Energy
Sales
(GWh) 645.12
909.057
9
909.057
9
909.057
9
Load
Factor (%)
63.69668
2
68.8680
2
83.0645
0
81.9857
42
Comparison of Penetration rates
20% EV
Penetration
W/O EV Step Interval Uniform
Peak Load
(GW) 42.2 42.2 42.2 42.2
Peak Hour 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00
Energy
Sales
(GWh) 645.12
697.907
6
697.907
6
697.907
6
Load
Factor (%) 63.69668
68.9087
3
68.9087
3
68.9087
3
50% EV
Penetration
W/O EV Step Interval Uniform
Peak Load
(GW) 42.2 44.2 42.2 42.2
Peak Hour 12:00 20:00 12:00 12:00
Energy
Sales
(GWh) 645.12
777.088
9
777.088
9 777.089
Load
Factor (%)
63.69668
24
73.2549
92
76.7267
9
76.7267
9
10% EV
Penetration
W/O EV Step Interval Uniform
Peak Load
(GW) 42.2 42.2 42.2 42.2
Peak Hour 12:00 12:00 12:00 12:00
Energy
Sales
(GWh) 645.12
818.393
8
818.393
8
818.393
8
Load
Factor (%) 63.69668
80.8050
7
80.8050
7
80.8050
7
South Africa’s Energy Supply and Demand
Top down approach
Typical Home Appliance Electricity Consumption
Demand profile of households
Extra energy required for accommodation of EV
Impact of EV on Rondebosch
Time of Use, Fixed Rate or Real time?
Controlled, Uncontrolled or Smart charging
Best tariff for charging patterns
Utility Tariff DevelopmentUtility Tariff Development
ICE Toyota Corolla 2.0 versus Ford Focus EV
EV uses cheaper electricity, but more expensive to buy
46.83 years for EV to cover up for extra cost as opposed to ICE
Affordability
Nissan Motors Ford Motors Toyota Mitsubishi Honda
EV Manufacturers
Home Work Power Supplies Requirements of an EV model for a grid
integration Low power charging Battery swapping Quick charging batteries
Limitations of EV’s
Provide a future for the energy crisis? Store off-peak cheap energy and sell at peak
hours
V2G Technology
South Africa cannot integrate a large amount of EV penetration at present
EV charging should be controlled and charging must be done in off-peak hours
V2G technology should be adapted
Conclusions and Recommendations
Thank You
