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Mr. Mitchell’s 6Mr. Mitchell’s 6thth Grade Grade Science Science
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1A
Describes the nonliving part of the environment, including water, rocks, light, and temperature
Abiotic
1B
Describes the living factors in the environment
Biotic
1C
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected
Commensalism
2AAn organism, usually a bacteria or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into simpler substances
Decomposer
2B
A relationship between two species of organisms in which both benefit from the association
Mutualism
2CThe process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of their kind, this ensures that the cycle will continue of those favorable traits in generations to come
Natural Selection
3A
The function of an organism in a community of plants and animals
Niche
3B
A relationship between organisms in which one lives and feeds off of another
Parasitism
3C
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food
Photosynthesis
4A
An animal or other organism that feeds on dead organic matter
Scavenger
4B
A relationship in which two different organisms live in close association with each other
Symbiosis
4C
A characteristic that improve an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
Adaptation
5A
An organism, usually an animal, that feeds on plants or other animals
Consumer
5BThe pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms
Food Chain
5C
A diagram that shows the feeding relationship s between organisms in an ecosystem
Food Web
6A
An organism, as a plant, that is able to produce its own food
Producer
6BA small, rocky object that orbits the sun, usually in a band between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
Asteroid
6CA small body of ice, rock, and cosmic dust that follows an elliptical orbit around the sun and that gives off gas and dust in the form of a tail as it passes close to the sun
Comet
7A
Pertaining to the moon
Lunar
7B
A bright streak of light that results when a meteoroid burns up in the Earth’s Atmosphere
Meteor
7C
A meteoroid that reaches the Earth’s surface without burning up completely
Meteorite
8A
A relatively small, rocky body that travels through space
Meteoroid
8BA tide that occurs when the difference between high and low tide is least; the lowest level of high tide. ________ comes twice a month, in the first and third quarters of the moon.
Neap Tide
8C
The path that a something follows as it travels around something else in space
Orbit
9A
A natural or artificial object that revolves around a planet
Satellite
9B
The large rise and fall of the tide at or soon after the new or the full moon, or twice a month
Spring Tide
9C
An event in which the shadow of one object falls on another
Eclipse
10A
The motion of an object that travels around another object in space; one complete trip along an orbit
Revolution
10B
The spin of an object on its axis
Rotation
10CAn object in space consisting of a mass of gas held together by its own gravity in which energy is generated by nuclear reactions
Star
11AA star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light.
Sun
11BThe movement, formation, or re-formation of continents described by the theory of plate tectonics
Continental Drift
11C
The central part of the Earth below the mantle
Core
12A
The break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another
Fault
12B
The solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
Lithosphere
12CThe molten rock material under the earth's crust, from which igneous rock is formed by cooling
Magma
13A
The layer of rock between the Earth’s crust and core
Mantle
13B
The process in which material is laid down or dropped off
Deposition
13C
The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another
Erosion
14A
Dark, organic material formed in soil from the decayed remains of plants and animals
Humus
14BProduced under conditions involving intense heat, as rocks of volcanic origin or rocks crystallized from molten magma
Igneous
14CRocks that have re-crystallized in a solid state as a result of changes in temperature, pressure, and chemical environment
Metamorphic
15A
A rock formed by consolidated sediment deposited in layers
Sedimentary
15B
The transfer of light energy to particles of matter
Absorption
15CThe maximum distance that the particles of a waves medium vibrate from their rest position
Amplitude
16AA spiral-shaped cavity of the inner ear that resembles a snail shell and contains nerve endings essential for hearing
Cochlea
16B
Curved like the inner surface of a sphere
Concave
16CThe flow of thermal energy through a substance from a higher-to a lower-temperature region
Conduction
17A
A shortening, shrinkage, or reduction in length or size
Contraction
17B
The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas
Convection
17CHaving a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere
Convex
18A
The process of using reflected sound waves to find objects, used by animals such as bats and dolphins
Echolocation
18B
An increase in extent, size, volume, or scope
Expansion
18C
The number of waves produced in a given amount of time.
Frequency
19A
A device that produces a very narrow, highly concentrated beam of light
Laser
19BA ground or molded piece of glass, plastic, or other transparent material with opposite surfaces either or both of which are curved, by means of which light rays are refracted so that they converge or diverge to form an image
Lenses
19C
The apparently black circular opening in the center of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to the retina
Pupil
20A
The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves
Radiation
20BThe bouncing back of a ray of light, sound, or heat when the ray hits a surface that does not go through
Reflection
20C
The bending of a wave as the wave passes between two substances in which the speed of the wave differs
Refraction
21AA delicate, multilayered, light-sensitive membrane lining the inner eyeball and connected by the optic nerve to the brain
Retina
21B
An interaction of light with matter that causes light to change its energy, direction of motion, or both
Scattering
21CA system using transmitted and reflected underwater sound waves to detect and locate submerged objects or measure the distance to the floor of a body of water
Sonar
22A
The passing of light or other forms of energy through matter
Transmission
22B
The measure of the size of an object or region in three-dimensional space
Volume
22C
The number and variety of organisms in a given area during a specific period of time
Biodiversity
23A
The part of Earth where life exists
Biosphere
23B
The largest population that an environment can support at any given time
Carrying Capacity
23C
The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
Cellular Respiration
24A
Green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis
Chlorophyll
24B
The burning of a substance
Combustion
24C
All of the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other
Community
25AThe chemical makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or other materials in the rock
Composition
25B
The preservation and wise use of natural resources
Conservation
25C
The boundary formed by the collision of two lithospheric plates
Convergent Boundary
26A
A funnel shaped pit near the top of the central vent of a volcano
Crater
26B
The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle
Crust
26C
Any pieces of information acquired through observation or experimentation
Data
27A
The time required for Earth to rotate once on its axis
Day
27B
The most common unit used to measure loudness
Decibel
27C
The breakdown of substances into simpler molecular substances
Decomposition
28A
The ratio of mass of a substance to the volume of the substance
Density
28B
The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
Divergent Boundary
28C
An observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving
Doppler Effect
29A
A reflected sound wave
Echo
29BThe study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their environment
Ecology
29C
A community of organisms and their abiotic environment
Ecosystem
30AA substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means
Element
30B
The capacity to do work
Energy
30CA triangular diagram that shows an ecosystem’s loss of energy, which results as energy passes through the ecosystem’s food chain
Energy Pyramid
31AThe point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s starting point, or focus
Epicenter
31B
A condition in which the lens of the eye focuses on distant objects behind rather than on the retina
Farsightedness
31C
The point along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs
Focus
32A
The remains or physical evidence of an organism preserved by geological processes
Fossil
32B
A force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact
Friction
32C
A collection of stars, dust, and gas bound together by gravity
Galaxy
33AA hypothesis that is based on the idea that major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time
Gap Hypothesis
33B
A planet that has a deep, massive atmosphere such as Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune
Gas Giant
33C
A period between the birth of one generation and the birth of the next generation
Generation Time
34A
A measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching
Hardness
34BAn explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations that can be tested
Hypothesis
34C
The combination of two or more waves that results in a single wave
Interference
35A
The energy of an object due to the objects motion
Kinetic Energy
35B
The sudden movement of rock and soil down a slope
Landslide
35CA summary of many experimental results and observations; tells how things work
Law
36AThe law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another
Law of Conservation of Energy
36B
The distance that light travels in one year; about 9.46 trillion kilometers
Light-year
36CAn environmental factor that prevents an organism or population from reaching its full potential of distribution or activityLimiting Factor
37A
The way in which a mineral reflects light
Luster
37B
Basic unit of measure in science with the symbol, m
Meter
37C
A naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical structure
Mineral
38AA pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept
Model
38B
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
What does N.A.S.A stand for?
38CA condition in which the lens of the eye focuses distant objects in front of rather than on the retina
Nearsightedness
39AA large cloud of gas and dust in interstellar space; a region in space where stars are born or where stars explode at the end of their lives
Nebula
39B
The process of obtaining information by using the senses
Observation
39C
Organism that eats both plants and animals
Omnivore
40A
Describes and object that is not transparent or translucent
Opaque
40BA natural material whose concentration of economically valuable minerals is high enough of the material to be mined profitably
Ore
40C
The presence of too many individuals in an area for the available resources
Overpopulation
41A
A substance that gives another substance or a mixture its color
Pigment
41B
How high or how low a sound is perceived to be, depending on the frequency of the sound wave
Pitch
41CThe theory that explains how large pieces of the Earth’s outermost layer, called tectonic plates, move and change shape
Plate Tectonics
42A
A group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area
Population
42B
Potential Energy
The energy that an object has because of the position, shape, or condition of the object
42C
An organism that eats all or part of another organism
Predator
43A
An organism that is killed and eaten by another organism
Prey
43B
The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves
Radiation
43CA series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes
Rock Cycle
44A
A series of steps followed to solve problems
Scientific Method
44BA wave of energy that travels through the Earth and away from an earthquake in all directions
Seismic Wave
44C
A tracing of the earthquake motion that is created by as seismograph
Seismogram
45AAn instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake
Seismograph
45B
The study of earthquakes
Seismology
45C
The point at which the sun is as far north or as far south of the equator
Solstice
46AA longitudinal wave that is caused by vibrations and that travels through a material medium
Sound Wave
46BA group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring
Species
46C
One of the many openings in a leaf or stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur (plural stomata)
Stoma
47A
The process in which sedimentary rocks are arranged in layers
Stratification
47B
The color of the powder of a material
Streak
47C
The sinking of regions of the Earth’s crust to lower elevations
Subsidence
48A
The replacement of one type of community by another at a single location over a period of time
Succession
48BA dark area of the photosphere of the sun that is cooler than the surrounding areas and that has a strong magnetic field
Sunspot
48C
A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle
Tectonic Plate
49AThe measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object
Temperature
49B
Stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object
Tension
49C
One of the most highly dense planets nearest to the sun; Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Earth
Terrestrial Planet
50A
The quality of a rock that is based on the sizes, shapes, and positions of a rock’s grains
Texture
50B
An explanation that ties together many hypotheses and observations
Theory
50C
The transfer of energy as heat through a material
Thermal Conduction
51A
A material through which energy can be transferred as heat
Thermal Conductor
51B
The kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms
Thermal Energy
51C
The point at which two objects that are touching reach the same temperature
Thermal Equilibrium
52A
An increase of the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance
Thermal Expansion
52B
A material that reduces or prevents the transfer of heat
Thermal Insulator
52C
The pushing or pulling forces exerted by the engine of an aircraft or rocket
Thrust
53A
The difference in levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide
Tidal Range
53BThe periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans and other large bodies of water
Tide
53C
Genetically determined characteristic
Trait
54A
The boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally
Transform Boundary
54B
Describes matter that transmits light but that does not transmit and image
Translucent
54C
The passing of light or other form of energy through matter
Transmission
55A
Describes matter that allows light to pass through with little interference
Transparent
55BThe process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata, also release of water vapor by other organisms
Transpiration
55C
The rising of regions of the Earth’s crust to higher elevations
Uplift
56A
An opening at the surface of the Earth through which volcanic material passes
Vent
56B
A vent or fissure in the Earth’s surface through which magma and gases are expelled
Volcano
56CA periodic disturbance in a solid, liquid, or gas as energy is transmitted through a medium
Wave
57A
The distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave
Wavelength
57B
The speed at which a wave travels through a medium
Wave Speed
57CThe process by which rock materials are broken down by the action of physical or chemical processes
Weathering
58AAn original, full-scale, and usually working model of something that exists already, or something that has not yet been createdPrototype
58B
The tools and techniques for carrying out plans
Technology
58C
A changeable aspect of a situation that can be manipulated or measured
Variable
59A
The act of reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence
Inference
59B
To expose to a chance of loss or damage
Risk
59C
To be an advantage to
Benefit
60A
The path that a something follows as it travels around something else in spaceOrbit
60BThe solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
Lithosphere
60CThe study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their environmentEcology
61AThe law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to another
Law of Conservation of Energy
61BA resource that forms at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which it is consumed
Nonrenewable Resource
61CThe process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do
Natural Selection
62A
A naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical structure
Mineral
62B
The basic unit of length in the metric system
Meter
62C
The number and variety of organisms in a given area during a specific period of time
Biodiversity
63A
The largest population that an environment can support at any given time
Carrying Capacity
63BThe theory that the process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arise
Theory of Evolution
63CA pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept
Model
64A
An explanation that ties together many hypotheses and observations
Theory
64BAn explanation that is based on prior scientific research or observations and that can be tested
Hypothesis
64CAn inference that either the experiment supported the hypothesis and can be regarded as true, or the experiment disproved the hypothesis as false
Conclusion