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ELTR 1223 Survey of Renewable Energy Technology Unit One REEC 120 Sustainability and Renewable Energy Source:
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ELTR 1223 Survey of Renewable
Energy Technology
Unit One
REEC 120 Sustainability and Renewable Energy
Source:
Use Policy This material was developed by Timothy J. Wilhelm, P.E., Kankakee Community
College, with funding from the National Science Foundation as part of ATE Grant No.
0802786.
Additional changes were incorporated for REED 120 with funding from the Trade
Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training (TAACCCT)
SGA/DFA PY 10-03
All materials in this presentation are designed and intended for educational use, only.
They may not be used for any publication or commercial purposes.
Source:
Author, Editors/Reviewers
Author: Timothy J. Wilhelm, P.E., Kankakee
Community College
Editor /Modifier: Chris Miller, Heartland
Community College
Source:
Objectives
Students will be able to define the modern
meaning of the word “sustainability,” in simple,
basic terms.
Students will be able to discuss the differences
between the modern ideas of “renewable”
energy and “non-renewable” energy.
Students will be able to describe what is meant
by the “peak oil problem,” in simple, basic terms.
Source:
Objectives
Students will be able to describe, in simple, basic
terms, what is (are) currently believed to be the
primary cause(s) of “global warming” and
climate change.”
Students will be, in simple terms, conversant
with the pro and con positions regarding the
belief in and acceptance of the modern ideas of
“global warming” and climate change.”
Source:
Objectives
Students will be able to describe and discuss, in
simple, basic terms, the differences between
centralized and distributed energy-infrastructure
systems, as well as the current concerns
regarding all of the U.S. infrastructure system.
Source:
FIRST…
Let’s talk about “Sustainability”…
Sustainability
“Meeting the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own
needs.”
World Commission on Economic Development. (1987). Our Common
Future. England: Oxford University Press.
Let’s Look at a Few Events from the
Not-too-Distant Past
01/13/12 Strait of Hormuz Incident
“Global Warming” Creates a New Kind of Crisis
Serious Drought in Illinois
The Historic BP Oil “Spill”
NDM-1
How much do you know about
these sustainability issues?
Source:
How many tons of water does it
take to produce 1 ton of grain?
A. 1 ton
B. 400 tons
C. 1000 tons
D. 1300 tons
Answer: C - 1000 tons
What is the population of the United States?
A. 25 million
B. 298 million
C. 104 million
D. 1.5 billion
Answer: B - 298 million
How many cars are there in the entire world
fleet?
A. 800 million
B. 250 million
C. 88 million
D. 23 million
Answer: A – 800 million
The U.S. food economy uses as much
energy as France does in its entire
economy.
True or False?
TRUE!
Contemporary Issues
The so-called “Peak Oil Problem”
The so-called “Global Warming Crisis”
Apparent and suspected “Climate Change”
Increases in the cost of transportation fuel
Increases in the cost of electricity
Decay of the existing infrastructure
The supposed ongoing threat of “Terrorism”
The current financial crisis…“Mortgage Crisis”…the bail outs of “Freddie Mac” and Fannie Mae”…crisis in the auto industry…growing unemployment…
What others can you think of?
Do the Science…Do the Math…Ask
Questions!!!
Are the average temperatures of the Earth’s surface, and/or the atmosphere, and/or the oceans really increasing?
If “yes,” what are the realistic cause-and-effect implications of this temperature rise, and are they “good” or “bad?”
If “yes,” to what degree can this temperature rise be attributed to Human cause?
If “yes,” and if there is Human culpability, is there any realistic expectation that a change in Human habit and activity will diminish, halt, or reverse the temperature rise?
The Impending Energy and
Infrastructure Crisis
Context and Comments
Based largely on personal experience, personal observations, and personal conclusions.
Much of the data is anecdotal, derived from conferences, personal conversations, telephone interviews, news reports, and internet searches.
It’s better to heed the signs of life, prepare for the worst and hope for the best, vs…
ignore the signs of life and pretend the worst can’t happen.
Prophets and Time Monks…
Tracking expression of human emotion to
predict future events…
Natural Law…Cause-and-Effect…
There are “tells” available in all aspects of
daily life…
Can you read the Signs of
Life?
Does anybody see what I see?
Signs of Life #1: Two-Day WORKSHOP
Design of Small-Scale Electric Power Systems
July 23rd and 24th, 1998; Cleveland, Ohio
T2G, Technical Training Group
K. James Phillips, Jr., P.E.
Principle engineer for Phillips Engineers and Consultants, Inc. – offices in Ohio and California
An IEEE Distinguished Lecturer (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers)
A member of the IEEE-USA Energy Policy Committee, “responsible for the development of position paper, and providing technical assistance and testimony for the United States Congress on energy related matters.”
“Why focus on small-scale power plant design?
Does it have anything to do with Y2K?”
“HA!” Let me ask you a few questions…
“When was the last time they built a new electric power plant in your area?”
“What do you see happening in every suburban area of the country?”
“Let me tell you about Y2K…”
K. James Phillips, Jr., P.E.
(Prophesy Excellence)
August, 1998 – rolling blackouts in Chicago
Remainder of 1998 – major blackouts in San Francisco and Maui
Multiple outages in 1999 -- Chicago, New Orleans, New York City, New England, New Jersey, Long Island and South Central States
June, 2000 – largest planned blackout in California history
January, 2001 – rolling blackouts within California
March, 2001 – California’s first Statewide rolling blackouts.
August 14, 2003 Blackout in Northeast U.S
and Canada
Signs of Life #2: FORMAL TESTIMONY
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
March 27, 2001; Washington, DC Statement of the ASCE before the U.S. Senate
Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife and Water of the Committee on Environment and Public Works on Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Needs.
ASCE’s 12 infrastructure categories: Roads, Bridges, Transit, Aviation, Energy, Schools, Drinkable Water, Wastewater, Dams, Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste, and Navigable Waterways.
ASCE President Thomas Jackson, told reporters, "We're sliding toward failure and the prospects for improvement are grim."
In the September 24, 2003 Edition of
The Guardian
US$1.6 trillion needed to bring US infrastructure to an “adequate” level.
Traffic congestion, polluted air and beaches, overcrowded schools, potholes, blackouts, broken water mains and decaying bridges are daily miseries that most everyone has had to confront. These hazards and disruptions will continue and in some cases worsen, according to the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
by Terrie Albano
Just this summer in Bloomington IL…
Lake Bloomington is going dry…
Water Conservation
Water system at its capacity because of growth
The rains finally arrived, but…
The system is only designed to handle a certain size
of the community the system is still “old.”
Signs of Life #3: Formal PRESS RELEASES
Illinois Deregulates Electric Utilities
A number of years ago, State Representative Phil
Novak headed the effort in Illinois to deregulate
the electric utilities.
https://power2switch.com/IL/
$.75/KWHr. by 2030?
Signs of Life #4: The New Scientific Debate
The Global Warming Debate
BUT…
Signs of Life #5: Three-Day CONFERENCE
SunWize Technologies, Inc. Dealer
Conference
November, 2002; Camarillo, California
Panel Discussions, Professional Presentations,
and Vendor Presentations
Representatives from Shell Solar gave a
presentation and a tour of their Camarillo facility
Shell had just recently purchased Siemens Solar, at that
time the world’s largest manufacturer of Solar-
Photovoltaic (PV) modules.
A few folks in the audience boo-ed…
“Yah-h-h, I know what some of you ex-hippies
are thinkin’…”
“Shell is no longer just an oil company…”
“We know better than anybody how much oil is
left in the ground…and I’m gonna tell ya…”
“Twenty-Seven Years…”
“Okay, maybe a little more than twenty-seven
years, but…”
“Possibly little or no gasoline available…
$6/gallon, or more, if any…”
Remaining petro-fuels “priority allocated…”
“Alternative Energy? There is no alternative!”
Signs of Life #6: A fifty year old prediction
The Peak-Oil Problem
Shell Oil Geologist/ Petroleum
Scientist
1949 – projected short historical oil
period
1956 - predicted 1970 as the U.S.
Peak Oil year
1969 - predicted World Peak Oil year
2000
Marion King Hubbert
The Peak Oil Problem implies we have pulled out of the Earth approximately half of the available petroleum (crude oil and natural gas) available, and…
The other half will be much harder to extract and will not meet the growing world demand within the next few years.
The Air Mattress
Problem
“On a cumulative basis, we have pumped almost
1 trillion barrels of oil, and estimates for total
recoverable oil are about 2 trillion barrels or a
little more.”
Financial Planning Magazine (Oct. 2005)
Source: Michael Brownlee and William Wilson, Center for Sustainable Community
How Much Two Trillion Barrels?
Consider the Great Lakes…
Covering more than 94,000 square miles, combined they hold an estimated 6 quadrillion gallons of water.
6 Quadrillion = 6 + fifteen 0’s
6,000,000,000,000,000
Divide that by 42 (gal/barrel)
= 143,000,000,000,000
= 143 trillion barrels of water
Source: Michael Brownlee and William Wilson, Center for Sustainable Community
2 Trillion barrels is
the equivalent to
1.4% of the
volume of the
great lakes.
Less than the size
of Green Bay!
How Much Two Trillion Barrels?
Source: Michael Brownlee and William Wilson, Center for Sustainable Community
During the last 100 years, the economies of the Western world have
been predicated on the assumption of continual growth.
Cheap energy (oil) is the fuel that has driven this model.
The model of ‘continual growth’ cannot be maintained. Our world
will change.
The Potential Impact on American Society
Source: Michael Brownlee and William Wilson, Center for Sustainable Community
No new, huge fields have been discovered since the 1960’s.
2003 was the first year in decades in which no new discovery of at least 500 million barrels was reported.
(World oil consumption in 2005… 84 million barrels per day)
The world’s annual production/consumption has exceeded annual discoveries for over 25 years.
Can’t we just keep drilling and discover
more oil deposits?
Source: Michael Brownlee and William Wilson, Center for Sustainable Community
In the 1970s the deepest offshore wells were
drilled in 600 feet of water.
Today, a Chevron well in the Gulf of Mexico
draws oil from 10,011 feet below the surface.
Source: Michael Brownlee and William Wilson, Center for Sustainable Community
What the Experts Say…
Both sides in the peak oil controversy agree that
oil is a finite resource and that every year, the
world consumes more oil than it discovers.
But those are about the only things they agree
upon. David J. Lynch, USA TODAY
10/16/2005
Source: Michael Brownlee and William Wilson, Center for Sustainable Community
What the Experts Say…
But one conclusion is irrefutable: The age of cheap oil is definitely over, and even as our appetite for it seems insatiable (with world demand likely to grow 50 percent by 2025), petroleum itself will end up downsizing.
Today, not only is oil getting harder to find in economically exploitable form, but the use of what remains is contra-indicated by the hard reality of global warming.
Even if we had ample oil, in the long run we’d need to find a new, more sustainable way of living anyway.
David J. Lynch, USA TODAY
Source: Michael Brownlee and William Wilson, Center for Sustainable Community
What the Experts Say…
In recent months the peak oil camp has received support from some fairly sober quarters including the U.S. government.
A 91-page study prepared in February 2005 for the Energy Department concluded: "The world is fast approaching the inevitable peaking of conventional world oil production ... a problem unlike any yet faced by modern industrial society."
Source: Michael Brownlee and William Wilson, Center for Sustainable Community
What the Experts Say…
“If world crude-oil production hits peak and then
falls within the next five to 10 years, would
America be ready? The answer is, almost
certainly not.”
—Christian Science Monitor
11/9/05
Source: Michael Brownlee and William Wilson, Center for Sustainable Community
Source: Michael Brownlee and William Wilson, Center for Sustainable Community
Is this the energy curve of modern
history?
Ultimately, the energy-intensive
industrial age may be little more
than a blip in the course of human
history.
Where is the oil?
Where is it
from?
Signs of Life #7: TERRORIST ATTACK
The first attack on U.S. soil since Pearl Harbor
September 11, 2001; New York City,
Washington DC, Pennsylvania.
The U.S. Department of Homeland Security tells
us the threat of another attack against U.S.
citizens, on U.S. soil, still exists.
What does all this mean?
What are the cause-and-effect
implications?
What can be done?
How can it be done?
At the SunWize Conference, Shell
shared some tough news, but…
they also have strategies…
Hydrogen…
Hydrogen combustion…
Fuel cells…
The country of Iceland as a model, hydrogen-
based energy economy…
According to the Worldwatch Institute…
“Iceland -- partnering with DaimlerChrysler,
Shell, and Norsk Hydro – are working to make
the island nation the world's first hydrogen
economy, replacing petroleum in its buses, cars,
and fishing boats over the next 30 years.”
Closer look at the
SWSC bathhouse with
solar hot water system.
Note that solar absorber
plates are recessed
below roof surface and
glazing is flush with
roof surface – building
integrated solar
thermal.
Ask yourself a few questions…
What impact would $6/gal gasoline have on your
personal budget?
What impact would $.25/KWHr electricity have on your
household expenses?
What impact might utility service interruptions have on
your ability to function at your job?
What impact would higher energy costs have on your
future salary negotiations?
What other implications can you think of?
Our governmental representatives (and we
ourselves) must become proactive…
sensible planning is needed NOW
Planning to accommodate to coming challenges.
Planning to keep both the public and private sectors of the establishment vital and effective in serving the public need.
Planning to make the changes necessary to sustain peace, security, and long-term prosperity and freedom.
What’s needed?
We need a larger body of thinking people with
appropriate technical skills.
We need our general population to have a higher
understanding of applied math, science, and
technology principles – to be more
technologically self-sufficient.
We need to prepare the next generation to
successfully transition into new ways of living.
