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5 Reading Standards for Literature Compare and Contrast

Question 1Cleaning Your House

Passage 1

When cleaning your house, you should work from top to bottom. First, grab a ladder, and go outside to clean out the rain gutters and to wipe down windows. Then, go inside to dust the high shelves and light fixtures. Third, wipe down the bathroom surfaces, and wash the dishes. Finally, sweep the porch, and vacuum the rugs. When you are all done, take a nice long nap.

Passage 2

When cleaning your house, start with the easiest chores, and move to the hardest. First, wash the dishes. Next, dust the shelves and vacuum the rugs. Then, if you have enough energy left, wipe down the windows, the bathroom surfaces, and the light fixtures. Finally, go outside to clean out the rain gutters and to sweep the porch.

Directions: Type your response in the box.Read both passages. Write a paragraph telling whether you would rather follow the cleaning method described in Passage 1 or the cleaning method described in Passage 2. Tell why and use examples from both passages in your answer.

Rubric


Question 2

Passage 1

New Life in New Jersey

In the late 1600s and early 1700s, people began moving to New Jersey from other countries. They were called immigrants because they had moved into a new country. Many people came from Europe for several reasons. New Jersey was ruled by British leaders at the time. New families bought land from these leaders at cheap prices. The leaders also let people choose their own religions. In the 1800s, more immigrants came from Europe to work in factories. They arrived by boat and landed at nearby Ellis Island. Doctors there tested them to make sure they were healthy. Then the immigrants had to show special papers in order to continue to New Jersey and other states on the East Coast. These workers often had to work long hours for little pay. They were also given dangerous jobs that other workers did not want to do. Since the middle of the twentieth century, fewer people have moved from Europe. Instead, they have come from Latin American, Asian, and Middle Eastern countries. Some of these countries have had problems that have caused people to move away. These families, like those hundreds of years ago, continue to begin a new life in New Jersey.

Passage 2

The Changing Face of California

In 1848, gold was discovered in California. Within months, thousands of people moved to the state to try their luck in the gold fields and mines. This event was known as the Gold Rush. Until the mid-1850s, the government gave out free land to anyone who chose to live there. Soon after, a railroad was built connecting California to the rest of the U.S. Many immigrants came to work on the railroad. Later, the railroad allowed people to quickly and easily move to the West Coast. They found work at jobs such as mining, farming, and fishing. Some workers came from Italy because that country was crowded and had poor farming. Other workers came from Mexico, China, and Japan. Some immigrants succeeded in creating their own neighborhoods. These neighborhoods still have nicknames today such as Chinatown and Little Italy. In 1850, California became a state. Leaders began passing laws that made life hard for families from Mexico, China, and Japan. These laws kept these immigrants from owning land and working at popular jobs. In addition, families were separated by an 1882 law. This law stopped people from moving from Asia for many years. Finally, in 1965, a new immigration law allowed countless people to move to America from across the globe. This law helped keep families together. Since then, many Asian and Mexican immigrants have chosen California as their new home.

Directions: Type your response in the box.

Read both passages. Explain the events that later discouraged immigration to the U.S. Use details from both of the passages to support your response.


Question 3

Passage 1

Therese Peltier

Many people think that Amelia Earhart was the first woman pilot. She certainly is the most famous one! However, the first woman to fly an airplane by herself was a woman named Therese Peltier. Born in France, Peltier was an artist by trade. She was friends with a man named Leon Delagrange. He was a pioneer in the study of flight. Therese was his passenger when he recorded the longest flight in 1908. It was 30 minutes and 28 seconds long. Therese must have gotten the flying bug from Leon. She became the first woman to fly all by herself. She went 200 meters. But she was only 2.5 meters off the ground. That's not very high compared to how high our jet planes fly today. For that time period, it was an amazing flight.

Passage 2

Elizabeth Blackwell

In 1832, a smart young lady got on a boat in England with her family. She was on her way to the United States. Her name was Elizabeth Blackwell. Her rich father paid for private tutors for her and her sisters. Most women were not educated at that time. However, Elizabeth saw a need for women to be able to talk with a female doctor. So, she became interested in medicine. She studied by herself for a long time. She was afraid of what others would think of her. Elizabeth finally applied to Geneva Medical School in New York. Her classmates were not happy. She ended up finishing her studies in England and then France. She returned to the U.S. in 1851. Since no hospital would have her, she opened a practice in her own home. Women and children flocked to her. She was able to win the respect of other male doctors. She became famous as the first woman doctor in the U.S.


Read both passages. Write a paragraph describing how Therese Peltier and Elizabeth Blackwell are similar to one another. Use examples from both passages to support your response.

Rubric


Question 4

Passage 1

Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant

The flowering plant has several stages of growth. This is known as the life cycle. A new plant begins as a seed in the ground. Then, the seed germinates. Germination is when the seed starts to grow and can be seen starting to grow out of the ground. The plant is called a seedling at this stage. Then, it continues to grow into a flower, or an adult plant. Lastly, pollination can occur. This is when insects and other animals carry pollen from one plant to another. Pollination starts the production of more seeds and begins the life cycle again.Passage 2

Life Cycle of a Conifer Tree

A conifer tree is a tree with cones. It goes through several stages of growth. The seeds of a conifer tree are inside each cone. Scales on each cone protect the seeds. After a cone is pollinated, the scales of the cone open up, and the seeds fall out onto the ground. There, each seed germinates and grows into a seedling. Then, the seedling grows larger and becomes a tree. Finally, the tree develops cones that later release more seeds, and the life cycle begins again.Directions: Type your response in the box.

Read both passages. Write a paragraph telling how the life cycles of a flowering plant and a conifer tree are similar. Use information from both passages to support your response.


Question 5

Passage 1

Baseball

Baseball has been America’s favorite past time for many years. The first baseball club was organized in 1845. Today, youth, college students, and adults play on teams across the world. Baseball is mostly played by males at all age levels. For professionals, there are 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) teams. During the game, a pitcher stands on a raised mound of dirt. He throws a baseball, usually overhanded, to a batter at home plate which is about 60 feet away. Baseballs are small, about 9 inches around, and can be difficult to hit with a bat. If a batter hits the ball, he tries to run to all three bases and back to home plate. The bases are about 90 feet apart and protected by the other team. If a runner breaks a rule or moves too slowly, he is out. Each team is only allowed three outs each turn they bat. If a runner makes it back to home plate, his team scores one run, or point. The most successful runners steal bases while the pitcher is preparing to throw a ball to the batter at home plate. The average number of runs per team in an MLB game is less than 5, so fans and players excitedly celebrate each and every run. Baseball is an old sport with many rules, but scoring a run makes it a lot more fun.Passage 2

Softball

Softball began as an indoor form of men's baseball in Chicago in 1887. It soon moved to outdoor fields and is now played in many countries. Each team has at least nine players. They use large, soft balls that are about 11 inches around. In slow pitch and fast pitch leagues, a pitcher stands in a flat circle and uses an underhanded motion to throw the ball about 45 feet to a batter at home plate. A batter tries to hit the ball and run to all three of the bases before coming back to home plate. He or she cannot steal, or run to the next base, while the pitcher holds the ball. Bases are about 60 feet apart, so runners must be patient to avoid getting out. The batting team tries to score runs before getting three outs in each of the seven innings. Softball is popular with women and girls, especially in high school and college. It was even an Olympic sport for a short time. Fans can also watch women play National Pro Fastpitch games on television several times a year. Softball has changed a lot since it first started. Now, it is an outdoor sport that the entire family can enjoy.Directions: Type your response in the box.

Read both passages. Imagine you have a 10-year-old brother who has never played sports. He is trying to decide whether to join a softball or baseball team. Write several paragraphs telling whether you would suggest that he plays baseball or softball. Use details from both passages to support your reasons.

Question 6


Passage 1

Designing Our Day

My school, Morgan Academy, just started an extended day program. I thought that the activities would be fun, but they are very boring. The program starts at the end of the school day. After-school teachers come in and teach basketball, drama, and dance. They also help students with their homework. Parents must pick at least one of those four activities each month for their children. I have tried them all, but I would rather be at home watching TV. Not all students are interested in those activities. The options are unfair. We should be able to vote on the activities. The activities should be replaced with ones that all students can enjoy.

Passage 2

Extend the Day

All schools should offer extended day programs. These programs offer students chances to learn beyond the regular school day. Some programs end in the evenings when many parents return from work. Instead of students going home right after school to an empty house, they can safely remain at school. Also, students who are left alone after school are more likely to get into trouble. Studies show that most crimes committed by children occur in the late afternoon. Instead of worrying about their children, parents choose learning activities to enrich their children's lives. All the activities are designed by important school leaders and teachers who know what their students enjoy the most. Extended day programs have activities such as sports and tutoring. As a principal at Morgan Academy, a school with an extended day program, I have seen students' lives change for the better.Directions: Select all the correct answers. Which statements show how the student's point of view differs from the principal's point of view?

The student believes that students should be allowed to pick the extended day activities.

The student thinks that help with homework should be an option at the extended day program.

The student believes that the extended day program at the school is not successful.


The student thinks that children who are left alone after school might get into trouble

Question 7

Passage 1

Designing Our Day

My school, Morgan Academy, just started an extended day program. I thought that the activities would be fun, but they are very boring. The program starts at the end of the school day. After-school teachers come in and teach basketball, drama, and dance. They also help students with their homework. Parents must pick at least one of those four activities each month for their children. I have tried them all, but I would rather be at home watching TV. Not all students are interested in those activities. The options are unfair. We should be able to vote on the activities. The activities should be replaced with ones that all students can enjoy.

Passage 2

Extend the Day

All schools should offer extended day programs. These programs offer students chances to learn beyond the regular school day. Some programs end in the evenings when many parents return from work. Instead of students going home right after school to an empty house, they can safely remain at school. Also, students who are left alone after school are more likely to get into trouble. Studies show that most crimes committed by children occur in the late afternoon. Instead of worrying about their children, parents choose learning activities to enrich their children's lives. All the activities are designed by important school leaders and teachers who know what their students enjoy the most. Extended day programs have activities such as sports and tutoring. As a principal at Morgan Academy, a school with an extended day program, I have seen students' lives change for the better.

Directions: Select all the correct answers.

Which statements show how information is presented in the same way in both passages?

Both authors share their personal experiences about their school.


Both authors give tips to improve the extended day program at their school.

Both authors describe how an extended day program operates.

Both authors detail the positive effects of having extended day programs

Question 8

Passage 1

Become a Flyer

Indoor skydiving gives everyone a chance to enjoy an exciting sport. Some people are afraid of the flying, jumping, and falling involved in skydiving from airplanes. Indoor skydiving is a safe way to experience the same freedom of flight. Indoor skydivers, called flyers, go through a short training that gets them ready for the experience. Flyers float on air just a few feet above ground inside of a wind tunnel. Workers can control the wind speed to make sure flyers are at ease. Also, flyers can perform tricks that could be dangerous if they were outdoors. Anyone can enjoy the thrill of skydiving indoors without the risks.

Passage 2

The Inside Scoop on Indoor Skydiving

There are several reasons why people should not try indoor skydiving. This sport encourages people to try real skydiving. Every year, people are injured skydiving out of airplanes. New divers don't know how to deal with changes in wind speed and other surprises. Indoor skydiving companies claim that their wind tunnel machines protect people from these dangers. However, the machines are not safe. Flyers can experience neck, back, and shoulder strain in the tunnels. In addition, the wind can blow flyers against the tunnel walls. Indoor skydiving is not a safe option.Directions: Select all the correct answers. Which statements show how the points of view of the passages differ?

The author of passage 1 believes a wind tunnel machine is the best way to experience flight, but the author of passage 2 believes jumping from airplanes is the way to experience flight.


The author of passage 1 believes that indoor skydiving is the same as real skydiving, but the author of passage 2 believes that indoor skydiving is not the same as real skydiving.

The author of passage 1 thinks that people should try real skydiving, but the author of passage 2 thinks people should try indoor skydiving.

The author of passage 1 thinks that indoor skydiving is a safe sport, but the author of passage 2 thinks that indoor skydiving is a dangerous sport.


Question 9

Passage 1

Allowance for All

All children should receive an allowance. Allowance helps children learn the value of money. This money should be a set amount regardless of what work the children do around the house. Children can practice saving and spending their allowances. As a result, they don't have to ask their parents for money as often. Children can use their own money to purchase things like new video games, shoes, or music. No doubt, children would be more likely to appreciate their new purchases if they spend their own money.

Passage 2

Commission for Chores

Children should receive money in exchange for completing chores in their homes. This money, sometimes called commission, is one way for parents to teach children the value of money. Commission, unlike allowance, helps children learn that money is usually given in exchange for work. Children might be paid to wash dishes, vacuum floors, or help wash their parents' cars. Instead of simply asking for money, children can make financial decisions with the money that they earn. Children would take more consideration for what they buy and how they care for items that they purchase with their hard-earned money.

Directions: Select the two correct answers.

Which statements show how both passages have similar points of view?

Both authors believe that children will appreciate the items that they personally pay for.

Both authors believe that children should receive a fixed amount of money to learn its value.

Both authors think that children can learn the value of money by having their own money.


Both authors think that children should be required to complete household chores for money.

Question 10

Tasha and Crete

Tasha and Crete were good friends. They often played basketball together after school. Toward the end of the semester, Crete stopped playing basketball. “Why don’t you come outside and shoot baskets with me?” Tasha asked Crete over the phone. “I can’t, Tosh. I have to study for our final exams. Shouldn’t you be studying too?” Crete asked. “The exams are two weeks away. We have plenty of time to study. I want to enjoy this nice weather,” Tasha said. “Okay, have fun. I’ll talk to you later,” Crete said. "I can't believe you're going to make me play by myself. Oh well, I'll still have fun without you," Tasha said. Tasha continued to play basketball after school. On the Sunday before final exams, Tasha felt nervous. She asked Crete to help her study for the tests. “You waited until now to start studying?” Crete asked. “Yes, I was busy.” Tasha said. “Busy with what?” Crete asked. “Important stuff—perfecting my jump shot and going to parties. Please help me, Crete,” Tasha begged. “I will study with you, but I’m finishing the last chapters for this semester. We don’t have time to start from the beginning,” Crete said. On the Friday after all of the tests, Crete was getting ready to go to a big party. He called Tasha. “Hey, Tosh. Do you want to go to Jay’s party with me?” Crete asked. “I can’t,” Tasha said. “Why not? It’s going to be a blast!” Crete said. “I’m grounded because I made bad grades on the exams,” Tasha said. “I’m sorry to hear that. Everyone will miss you,” Crete said. “Thanks. I really hope the party turns out to be dull. I don't want to miss out on any excitement. You'll have to tell me all the awful details at school on Monday,” Tasha said.Directions: Select all the correct answers.

In which two ways are Tasha and Crete different?

Tasha is fun-loving, but Crete is boring.

Crete is smart, but Tasha is athletic.


Tasha is irresponsible, but Crete is mature.

Tasha is popular, but Crete is a misfit.

Crete is caring, but Tasha is selfish.

Question 11

Passage 1

After Chris and Tina moved into their new house with their parents, they discovered a new friend. A small gray cat visited their doorstep almost every day. "Mom, can we give the cat some tuna?" asked Chris. "I guess so," she replied. "Go look in the cupboard." So the kids carefully put a little snack together and walked outside to present their gift. The cat, however, wasn't impressed. How could this be? All cats loved tuna. "Maybe she has an owner that just fed her," guessed Tina. "You're probably right. I was kind of hoping she was a stray, though. I really want to get a pet!" said Chris. Just then, their next door neighbor appeared. He scooped down to pick up the cat and smiled at the children. "Thanks for playing with Boswell, kids. He loves to visit. I am always wondering where he runs off to!" their friendly neighbor said. "Do you kids have any pets?" "No, but we'd sure like to get one," Chris replied. "You should go down to the pound. I just got Boswell there, and I think he might have a sibling or two still waiting for adoption. Wouldn't it be nice if they ended up next door to each other?" "Yeah! Let's ask Mom!" Tina exclaimed. And so it was decided that a visit to the animal shelter was in order. Chris and Tina brought home two cats, so the whole cat family was reunited. They named their new pets Tuppany and Bailey. They loved playing with their big brother Boswell.

Passage 2 After Chris and Tina moved into their new house with their parents, they discovered a new friend. A small gray cat visited their doorstep almost every day. "Mom, can we give the cat some tuna?" asked Chris. "I guess so," she replied. "Go look in the cupboard." So the kids carefully put a little snack together and walked outside to present their gift. The cat gobbled up the snack and looked for more. The kids giggled and pet its belly. Soon, they could hear a quiet purring sound. "She has such nice clean fur. I'll bet she belongs to the neighbors," guessed Tina. "You're probably right. I was kind of hoping she was a stray, though. I really want to get a pet!" said Chris. Just then, their next door neighbor appeared. He scooped down to pick up the cat and smiled at the children. "Thanks for playing with Boswell, kids. He loves to visit. I am always wondering where he runs off to!" their friendly neighbor said. "Do you kids have any pets?" "No, but we'd sure like to get one," Chris replied. "You should go down to the pound. I just got Boswell there, and I think he might have a sibling or two still waiting for adoption. Wouldn't it be nice if they ended up next door to each other?" "Yeah! Let's ask Mom!" Tina exclaimed. And so it was decided that a visit to the animal shelter was in order. Chris and Tina brought home two cats, so the whole cat family was reunited. They named their new pets Tuppany and Bailey. They loved playing with their big brother Boswell.

How are these stories different?


A. In passage 1, Chris and Tina think Boswell is female at first. In passage 2, they correctly guess he is male.

B. In passage 2, Chris and Tina adopt two cats from the animal shelter because they each want their own pet. In passage 1, they adopt three of Boswell's siblings.

C. All of these are correct.D. In passage 1, Chris and Tina guess that Boswell has an owner because he isn't

interested in their food. In passage 2, he eats the food, and Tina suggests he has an owner after petting his clean fur.


Question 12

Passage 1

After Chris and Tina moved into their new house with their parents, they discovered a new friend. A small gray cat visited their doorstep almost every day. "Mom, can we give the cat some tuna?" asked Chris. "I guess so," she replied. "Go look in the cupboard." So the kids carefully put a little snack together and walked outside to present their gift. The cat, however, wasn't impressed. How could this be? All cats loved tuna. "Maybe she has an owner that just fed her," guessed Tina. "You're probably right. I was kind of hoping she was a stray, though. I really want to get a pet!" said Chris. Just then, their next door neighbor appeared. He scooped down to pick up the cat and smiled at the children. "Thanks for playing with Boswell, kids. He loves to visit. I am always wondering where he runs off to!" their friendly neighbor said. "Do you kids have any pets?" "No, but we'd sure like to get one," Chris replied. "You should go down to the pound. I just got Boswell there, and I think he might have a sibling or two still waiting for adoption. Wouldn't it be nice if they ended up next door to each other?" "Yeah! Let's ask Mom!" Tina exclaimed. And so it was decided that a visit to the animal shelter was in order. Chris and Tina brought home two cats, so the whole cat family was reunited. They named their new pets Tuppany and Bailey. They loved playing with their big brother Boswell.

Passage 2 After Chris and Tina moved into their new house with their parents, they discovered a new friend. A small gray cat visited their doorstep almost every day. "Mom, can we give the cat some tuna?" asked Chris. "I guess so," she replied. "Go look in the cupboard." So the kids carefully put a little snack together and walked outside to present their gift. The cat gobbled up the snack and looked for more. The kids giggled and pet its belly. Soon, they could hear a quiet purring sound. "She has such nice clean fur. I'll bet she belongs to the neighbors," guessed Tina. "You're probably right. I was kind of hoping she was a stray, though. I really want to get a pet!" said Chris. Just then, their next door neighbor appeared. He scooped down to pick up the cat and smiled at the children. "Thanks for playing with Boswell, kids. He loves to visit. I am always wondering where he runs off to!" their friendly neighbor said. "Do you kids have any pets?" "No, but we'd sure like to get one," Chris replied. "You should go down to the pound. I just got Boswell there, and I think he might have a sibling or two still waiting for adoption. Wouldn't it be nice if they ended up next door to each other?" "Yeah! Let's ask Mom!" Tina exclaimed. And so it was decided that a visit to the animal shelter was in order. Chris and Tina brought home two cats, so the whole cat family was reunited. They named their new pets Tuppany and Bailey. They loved playing with their big brother Boswell.

How are these stories alike?

A. Both stories describe the mean next door neighbor.B. Both stories show the cat loves to eat tuna.C. Both stories have the same characters.D. Both stories are told from the cat's point of view.


Question 13

Cleaning Your House

Passage 1


Passage 2


These stories are organized differently. Pick the answer that best explains thedifference.

A. One instructs to start from the top and work to the bottom. The other one says to start from the bottom and finish at the top.

B. One encourages cleaning the house. The other discourages it.C. One says to vacuum the rugs after sweeping the floors. The other says to sweep the

floors after vacuuming.D. One says it is best to start from the top and work down. The other says to start

with the easiest chores first and work up to the hard ones.


Question 14

Cleaning Your House

Passage 1


Passage 2


How are the stories alike?

A. They both mention a nap at the end.B. They both have a sentence that starts with "Third."C. They mention using a ladder.D. They both mention all the same chores.


Question 15

Passage 1

My first day of high school was years ago, but I still remember it like it was yesterday. I had just gotten a new haircut and outfit. I wanted to look nice, of course. I arrived a little early so that I could organize my locker and hang up some pictures in the door. I made it to homeroom before the bell rang and sat next to a couple of kids I knew from eighth grade. The teacher came in with a briefcase, and we quieted down. We listened to the principal over the loudspeaker. Soon it was time for my first class. I was nervous that it might be really hard, but I had math first and it was all review. I was so relieved.

Passage 2

I got up early and put on a new skirt and sweater. I'm not sure if I like my new haircut. It is so short! Brushing it forever wouldn't make it get any longer, though, so I put down the brush and jumped into the car. I arrived at my new school early and headed to my locker. I had the combination memorized already because they gave it to us during orientation. Of course, it wouldn't open. A sophomore had to help me…how embarrassing! I carefully hung up some pictures and then walked to homeroom. I didn't know what to bring, so I just grabbed a pen and a notebook. Now, here I am, sitting next to Joey and Aimee, two of my friends from last year. The teacher walks in, and we are staring at him. He looks so official with a briefcase and a tie! The principal comes on over the loudspeaker and welcomes us to the first day of class. Some kids don't look too excited. They are already practically asleep at their desks. Soon, homeroom is over, and I look at my schedule. Math! My heart is beginning to pound a little. Not my best subject. I sit quietly in the new room and smile as the teacher speaks. It is all review! High school is going to be a piece of cake.

How are these selections about a girl's first day of high school different?

A. The first passage is fiction. The second is nonfiction.B. One selection takes place the day it happened; the other is described years

later.C. In the first passage, she has math first. In the second, she has English.D. In the first passage, she was late. In the second, she was on time.


Question 16

Passage 1

My first day of high school was years ago, but I still remember it like it was yesterday. I had just gotten a new haircut and outfit. I wanted to look nice, of course. I arrived a little early so that I could organize my locker and hang up some pictures in the door. I made it to homeroom before the bell rang and sat next to a couple of kids I knew from eighth grade. The teacher came in with a briefcase, and we quieted down. We listened to the principal over the loudspeaker. Soon it was time for my first class. I was nervous that it might be really hard, but I had math first and it was all review. I was so relieved.

Passage 2

I got up early and put on a new skirt and sweater. I'm not sure if I like my new haircut. It is so short! Brushing it forever wouldn't make it get any longer, though, so I put down the brush and jumped into the car. I arrived at my new school early and headed to my locker. I had the combination memorized already because they gave it to us during orientation. Of course, it wouldn't open. A sophomore had to help me…how embarrassing! I carefully hung up some pictures and then walked to homeroom. I didn't know what to bring, so I just grabbed a pen and a notebook. Now, here I am, sitting next to Joey and Aimee, two of my friends from last year. The teacher walks in, and we are staring at him. He looks so official with a briefcase and a tie! The principal comes on over the loudspeaker and welcomes us to the first day of class. Some kids don't look too excited. They are already practically asleep at their desks. Soon, homeroom is over, and I look at my schedule. Math! My heart is beginning to pound a little. Not my best subject. I sit quietly in the new room and smile as the teacher speaks. It is all review! High school is going to be a piece of cake.

Which of these is a detail found only in one of the stories?

A. The teacher enters the classroom carrying a briefcaseB. The girl has a new haircut and outfit for the first day.C. The girl has trouble opening up her locker.D. The principal speaks over the loudspeaker.


Question 17

Passage 1 The girl who babysits my brother when I am at volleyball practice gets made fun of a lot. The boys in her grade say that she is messy and ugly. She might not be the prettiest babysitter my brother has ever had, but he likes her the best. They always do fun stuff like go to the zoo or feed the geese in the park. Sometimes she takes him to visit the retirement home where she volunteers. They'll spend a whole afternoon keeping older folks entertained with stories. My brother even learned to play chess after he started going there, and he's only seven! He's always asking my mom to run extra errands so he'll have more time with his babysitter. She must be the nicest girl in this town. I wish I was more like her.

Passage 2

My little brother is in high school now, and he doesn't remember the nice babysitter he used to volunteer with at the retirement home. He doesn't have much spare time now. He's always going out on dates with annoying girls. He says he only likes them because they are so popular. I really don't understand him anymore. He grew up to be tall, strong, athletic, and handsome. He has piercing blue eyes and a gorgeous smile. But he hardly ever uses his good looks. He's always scowling or making fun of other people. I'm afraid my brother grew up to be kind of a mean person. I hate to admit it. I really wish he would remember how sweet he used to be. I hope I'm not like him.

What theme do these passages share?

A. Beauty is only skin deep.B. Volunteering is fun.C. People change when they get older.D. A penny saved is a penny earned.


Question 18

Passage 1 The girl who babysits my brother when I am at volleyball practice gets made fun of a lot. The boys in her grade say that she is messy and ugly. She might not be the prettiest babysitter my brother has ever had, but he likes her the best. They always do fun stuff like go to the zoo or feed the geese in the park. Sometimes she takes him to visit the retirement home where she volunteers. They'll spend a whole afternoon keeping older folks entertained with stories. My brother even learned to play chess after he started going there, and he's only seven! He's always asking my mom to run extra errands so he'll have more time with his babysitter. She must be the nicest girl in this town. I wish I was more like her.

Passage 2

My little brother is in high school now, and he doesn't remember the nice babysitter he used to volunteer with at the retirement home. He doesn't have much spare time now. He's always going out on dates with annoying girls. He says he only likes them because they are so popular. I really don't understand him anymore. He grew up to be tall, strong, athletic, and handsome. He has piercing blue eyes and a gorgeous smile. But he hardly ever uses his good looks. He's always scowling or making fun of other people. I'm afraid my brother grew up to be kind of a mean person. I hate to admit it. I really wish he would remember how sweet he used to be. I hope I'm not like him.

How is the description of the brother different between the two passages?

A. In passage 1, he always makes fun of other people. In passage 2, the other kids at school make fun of him for playing chess.

B. In passage 1, he likes the unpopular babysitter. In passage 2, he only likes girls if they are popular.

C. In passage 1, he is a high school teenager. In passage 2, he remembers what it was like to be a little kid.

D. In passage 1, he likes to play sports. In passage 2, he is not an athletic person anymore.


Question 19

Passage 1 Let me tell you about my day. I woke up, took a shower, got dressed, and got a ride to the airport. After a three-hour flight, I met my grandparents at the gate, and we had lunch. I couldn't get over all the beautiful palm trees scattered around. I was used to snow, snow, snow. When we finished with lunch, they took me on a driving tour of their city, but I was in a hurry to get to the beach. By that time, it was four o'clock. I only had a few precious hours of sun left, so I put it to good use. They dropped me off, and I agreed to meet them in the same spot at six. I quickly changed into my swimming suit and ran into the waves. I could hardly believe that this morning I woke up in ten degree weather and now I was in the warm ocean!

Passage 2

The highlight of my day was the afternoon, when I had the chance to run into the ocean. I soaked up the sun and thawed out after months spent in cold weather. Seeing my grandparents again was cool too, of course. We had a nice lunch together earlier that day. We talked about what was happening in our lives. I don't remember much about my early morning flight because I probably slept through it. All in all, this was a fine way to start a vacation!

How is the organization different in the two passages?

A. One is compare and contrast; one is not.B. The second selection is a cause and effect organization.C. They are organized in the same manner.D. One is told in chronological order; one is not.

Question 20

Passage 1 Let me tell you about my day. I woke up, took a shower, got dressed, and got a ride to the airport. After a three-hour flight, I met my grandparents at the gate, and we had lunch. I couldn't get over all the beautiful palm trees scattered around. I was used to snow, snow, snow. When we finished with lunch, they took me on a driving tour of their city, but I was in a hurry to get to the beach. By that time, it was four o'clock. I only had a few precious hours of sun left, so I put it to good use. They dropped me off, and I agreed to meet them in the same spot at six. I quickly changed into my swimming suit and ran into the waves. I could hardly believe that this morning I woke up in ten degree weather and now I was in the warm ocean!

Passage 2

The highlight of my day was the afternoon, when I had the chance to run into the ocean. I soaked up the sun and thawed out after months spent in cold weather. Seeing my grandparents again was cool too, of course. We had a nice lunch together earlier that day. We talked about what was happening in our lives. I don't remember much about my early morning flight because I probably slept through it. All in all, this was a fine way to start a vacation!

Which of these is a detail found in only one of the stories?

A. The grandparents and the speaker had lunch.B. The grandparents live in a city with lots of palm trees.C. The speaker lives in an area with cold weather.D. The speaker gets to swim in the ocean.



Question 21

Passage 1 I think that as people…we have done a lot of damage to other life forms. Humans have taken it upon themselves to kill everything around them. Plants and animals suffer so we can make money. I think that it is our responsibility then to clean up after our ignorant decisions. We need to do something to protect these poor creatures.adapted from "The Need for Whales to Survive" by Graham Clarke

Passage 2

Life on our planet is endangered by many problems caused by humans. Some examples are pollution, wars, droughts, floods, climate change, resource depletion, species loss, and habitat destruction. We need to find solutions to those problems fast and then find ways to put them into action before it is too late. You can be part of the solution as we discuss such issues. You can help save the planet! We are building a new community to help our planet survive. It’s time to undo the damage we have caused.adapted from Save Our Planet!

What issue do these two passages discuss?

A. a list of solutions to the environment problemsB. damage to life caused by humansC. the habitat of whalesD. the recent weather on earth

Question 22

Passage 1 I think that as people…we have done a lot of damage to other life forms. Humans have taken it upon themselves to kill everything around them. Plants and animals suffer so we can make money. I think that it is our responsibility then to clean up after our ignorant decisions. We need to do something to protect these poor creatures.adapted from "The Need for Whales to Survive" by Graham Clarke

Passage 2

Life on our planet is endangered by many problems caused by humans. Some examples are pollution, wars, droughts, floods, climate change, resource depletion, species loss, and habitat destruction. We need to find solutions to those problems fast and then find ways to put them into action before it is too late. You can be part of the solution as we discuss such issues. You can help save the planet! We are building a new community to help our planet survive. It’s time to undo the damage we have caused.adapted from Save Our Planet!

What is an important theme in these two passages?

A. Humans need to change to stop the damage.B. Overpopulation needs to stop.C. Start recycling now.D. You can't judge a book by its cover.


Question 23Passage 1

One day, Jacob and Sara went outside to explore the field behind their house. A thicket of trees blocked them from the wide open space, so they started through the forest. On the way, they found a small pond. Next to the pond, an old well stood. "Wow, that could be a hundred years old," said Sara. "You're right. I think Dad said there used to be an old farm out here," Jacob replied. They started to poke around, hoping to discover some clue about the year it was installed. Jacob found the raised up letters of the manufacturer's name, but no year. Sara kicked at the dirt and hit something hard. "What's this?" She picked up a small metal box. "I don't know," said Jacob. "Should we try to open it?" "Definitely. I can't stand the suspense," Sara cried. And so, they ran back to the house and went into the garage to find a screwdriver. They pried open the little box and some yellow papers, coins, and old photos spilled out. "I think it's a time capsule!" yelled Jacob. "What's that?" asked Sara. "You know, a box with stuff meant to be discovered in the future." "Oh. Cool! So, anything interesting?" They rifled through the contents, stopping to look at the pictures. A boy and girl appeared in clothing from about eighty years ago. Sure enough, the date on the coins was from the 1920s. The papers looked like pages from a diary. "Boring!" said Jacob. "If you're going to sit here all day and read this junk, I'm going over to Paul's." "Fine. I don't care. You know, it's not every day you find stuff like this," replied Sara. "Whatever. I'll see you later." Jacob left. Sara sat down on the stoop in the garage and continued reading. It was an interesting account of daily life written by someone about her age. Sara couldn't believe how much things had changed in less than a century. She got an idea. Her local museum would probably love to get its hands on this stuff. She showed it to her mom, who was amazed. Together, they called the museum, and a special exhibit was set up. Sara even got to take her classmates to see it during a field trip.

Passage 2

One day, Jacob and Sara went outside to explore the field behind their house. On the way, they found an old well and began to check it out. Sara kicked at the dirt and hit something hard. "What's this?" She picked up a small metal box. "I don't know," said Jacob. "Should we try to open it?" "Definitely. I can't stand the suspense," Sara cried. And so, they ran back to the house and went into the garage to find a screwdriver. They pried open the little box, and some yellow papers, coins, and old photos spilled out. "I think it's a time capsule!" yelled Jacob. "What's that?" asked Sara. "You know, a box with stuff meant to be discovered in the future." "Oh. Cool! So, anything interesting?" They rifled through the contents, stopping to look at the pictures. A boy and girl appeared in clothing from about eighty years ago. Sure enough, the date on the coins was from the 1920s. The papers looked like pages from a diary. Sara and Jacob sat down on the stoop in the garage and continued reading. It was an interesting account of daily life written by someone about Sara's age. Sara couldn't believe how much things had changed in less than a century. She got an idea. Their local museum would probably love to get its hands on this stuff. She showed it to her mom, who was amazed. Together, they called the museum, and a special exhibit was set up. Sara and Jacob even got to take their classmates to see it during a field trip. The museum was very grateful for the unique donation, and the kids knew their find would be well-preserved this way. Now it seems they both have dreams to become archaeologists. Most days after school, they poke around in the woods hoping to dig up another treasure. Jacob started researching the history of the area and learned that many Native American tribes lived there at one point. Sara was more interested in ancient history and hoped to someday visit Greece, Rome, and Egypt. About a year after the time capsule find, the siblings decided to bury a time capsule of their own. They went to the store with their dad to pick out a sturdy waterproof box. They filled it with some newspapers, magazines, and photos. Jacob put in his favorite CD, and Sara contributed several written pages about their lives. It was all set! They buried it and tried to forget about it.

Time plays a major part in both stories. How is time different in these two stories?

A. Passage 1 takes place many years in the future.B. Passage 2 takes place over a longer period of time than Passage 1.C. Passage 1 shows Sara and Jacob older than they are in Passage 2.D. Passage 2 goes back in time to show Sara and Jacob as babies.




Passage 2


How is Jacob in passage 1 different from Jacob in passage 2?

A. In passage 2, Jacob goes to Paul's house.B. In passage 2, Jacob is mean to Sara.C. In passage 1, Jacob loses interest in the time capsule.D. In passage 1, Jacob found the small metal box.




Passage 2


Which statement shows a difference between the two stories?

A. In passage 2, Jacob and Sara make their own time capsule.B. In passage 1, Jacob and Sara find a box with items from the 1920s.C. In passage 2, Jacob and Sara find an old well next to a pond.D. In passage 1, Jacob and Sara take the box to the museum together.


Question 26

Passage 1

Andy was a greedy ant. He always wanted the biggest crumbs of food all for himself. One day, he was hungry, so he stuck his head out of the anthill to look around for food. Close by was a blanket with 4 people sitting on it. Also, on top of the blanket were many delicious and large crumbs of food. He licked his lips and started crawling to the blanket. “Hey,” said Kurt who crawled up behind Andy. “Where are you going?” “Don’t worry about it,” said Andy. He did not want to share the crumbs with Kurt. “I’ll be back later.” Kurt saw that Andy kept looking at the blanket with the people. “Just don’t go to that picnic,” Kurt said. “It can be dangerous with the people there. You should wait until they leave. That’s what everyone else is doing.” “Sure,” Andy said as he crawled as quickly as he could toward the picnic blanket.

Passage 2

Ants are small insects. Ants are called social insects because they live in communities called colonies. There are about 20,000 kinds of ants. Some are tiny. Others are more than 1 inch long. Ants live everywhere except in very cold places. Each ant in a colony has a special job. Most female ants are workers. They build the nest, find food, care for the young, and fight enemies. Other females are queens. Their main job is to lay eggs.

How are the two passages above different?

A. Both passages are likely to appear in a science book.B. Passage 1 is fiction. Passage 2 is nonfiction.C. Both passages have a moral.D. Passage 1 is nonfiction. Passage 2 is fiction.

Question 27

Passage 1

Andy was a greedy ant. He always wanted the biggest crumbs of food all for himself. One day, he was hungry, so he stuck his head out of the anthill to look around for food. Close by was a blanket with 4 people sitting on it. Also, on top of the blanket were many delicious and large crumbs of food. He licked his lips and started crawling to the blanket. “Hey,” said Kurt who crawled up behind Andy. “Where are you going?” “Don’t worry about it,” said Andy. He did not want to share the crumbs with Kurt. “I’ll be back later.” Kurt saw that Andy kept looking at the blanket with the people. “Just don’t go to that picnic,” Kurt said. “It can be dangerous with the people there. You should wait until they leave. That’s what everyone else is doing.” “Sure,” Andy said as he crawled as quickly as he could toward the picnic blanket.

Passage 2

Ants are small insects. Ants are called social insects because they live in communities called colonies. There are about 20,000 kinds of ants. Some are tiny. Others are more than 1 inch long. Ants live everywhere except in very cold places. Each ant in a colony has a special job. Most female ants are workers. They build the nest, find food, care for the young, and fight enemies. Other females are queens. Their main job is to lay eggs.

How are the two passages similar?

A. Both are written about ants.B. Both show the jobs of certain ants.C. Both give facts about ants.D. Both tell the ants' names.


Question 28

Passage 1

Our vacation to Japan was going great. Then, the town we were staying in was threatened by a tidal wave. The entire town headed for the mountains to avoid the great wave headed to shore. When the wave struck shore, many waterfront properties and boats were damaged. Luckily, everyone had escaped from the town, and nobody was hurt.

Passage 2

Tidal waves are seismic sea waves or tsunamis. They are giant ocean waves made by earth movements such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides. Tsunamis can travel at speeds up to 450 miles per hour. When they approach shallow water, their height can rise to as high as 100 feet.

What contrast can you make after reading the two passages above?

A. Passage 1 gives the reader more facts. Passage 2 describes a personal experience.B. Passage 1 probably came from a personal journal. Passage 2 probably came

from a science book.C. Passage 1 presents solutions to a problem. Passage 2 tells the events of a day in

order.D. Passage 1 is a work of nonfiction. Passage 2 is a work of fiction.

Question 29

Passage 1

Our vacation to Japan was going great. Then, the town we were staying in was threatened by a tidal wave. The entire town headed for the mountains to avoid the great wave headed to shore. When the wave struck shore, many waterfront properties and boats were damaged. Luckily, everyone had escaped from the town, and nobody was hurt.

Passage 2

Tidal waves are seismic sea waves or tsunamis. They are giant ocean waves made by earth movements such as earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides. Tsunamis can travel at speeds up to 450 miles per hour. When they approach shallow water, their height can rise to as high as 100 feet.

How are the two passages similar?

A. Both describe family vacations.B. Both take place in Japan.C. Both are about tidal waves.D. Both contain the writer's opinions.


Question 30

Passage 1

Guam is an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. People in Guam are outnumbered by the brown tree snake. Forty years ago, there were no brown tree snakes in Guam at all. Today there are more than a million. Nobody knows where they came from or how to stop them from multiplying. Many kinds of rare birds are becoming extinct because of the brown tree snake.

Passage 2

Guam is an island in the Pacific Ocean. Today, it belongs to the United States. It is not a state, though. It is a U.S. military base for the Air Force and Navy. It is the largest of the Mariana Islands. Its total area is 209 square miles. The capital is Agana. The island was probably visited in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan. It was later bought by Spain in 1565. In 1898 Spain gave the island to the U.S. It was part of a deal made between the countries after the Spanish-American War. Guam's people became U.S. citizens in 1950. Guam is run by a governor who serves four-year terms. Before 1970, the president was the one who chose the governor. Now, people in Guam get to elect their own leader. Since 1972, Guam has been able to send a delegate to represent Guam in Congress. The delegate does not have full power, but he or she can help work in committees.

What comparison can be made after reading the two passages above?

A. They both talk about the political history of Guam.B. They are both about wildlife on Guam.C. They are both about the island of Guam.D. They both probably came from a science book.


Guam is an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. People in Guam are outnumbered by the brown tree snake. Forty years ago, there were no brown tree snakes in Guam at all. Today there are more than a million. Nobody knows where they came from or how to stop them from multiplying. Many kinds of rare birds are becoming extinct because of the brown tree snake.

Passage 2

Guam is an island in the Pacific Ocean. Today, it belongs to the United States. It is not a state, though. It is a U.S. military base for the Air Force and Navy. It is the largest of the Mariana Islands. Its total area is 209 square miles. The capital is Agana. The island was probably visited in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan. It was later bought by Spain in 1565. In 1898 Spain gave the island to the U.S. It was part of a deal made between the countries after the Spanish-American War. Guam's people became U.S. citizens in 1950. Guam is run by a governor who serves four-year terms. Before 1970, the president was the one who chose the governor. Now, people in Guam get to elect their own leader. Since 1972, Guam has been able to send a delegate to represent Guam in Congress. The delegate does not have full power, but he or she can help work in committees.

What contrast can be made after reading the two passages above?

A. Passage 1 focuses on one animal in Guam. Passage 2 gives more information about Guam's history.

B. Passage 1 gives more dates for events in Guam. Passage 2 describes the important military base in Guam.


C. Passage 1 describes the brown tree snake in Guam. Passage 2 shows the effects the snake has on the environment.

D. Passage 1 is an example of fiction. Passage 2 is an example of nonfiction.

Question 32

Passage 1

One day, the hare bragged to the tortoise. "I run faster than anything," said the hare. "You are the slowest thing ever!" "Oh really?" asked the tortoise. "Let's race to the other side of the meadow." The hare laughed. "You must be joking! Let's race!" "Okay," the tortoise said. He started walking slowly and steadily across the meadow. The hare laughed. "That slowpoke wants to race me!" he said. "I'll take a nap while he plods along. When I wake up, he'll only be halfway there." Later, the hare woke up. He saw that while he was sleeping, the tortoise had won the race.

Passage 2

One day, a rabbit met a hungry lion. The lion backed the rabbit against a rock. She couldn't run away. The rabbit said, "I am so thin. I have had babies. I spend all day getting food for them." The lion laughed and moved closer. "Wait!" yelled the rabbit. "I can get you something better! There is a piece of cheese at the bottom of a well. Follow me!" The lion followed her to the well. It looked like a piece of cheese was inside it. It was the moon's reflection. The lion didn't know this. He leaned over the well to look at the cheese. The rabbit pushed the lion in. "I am so clever," she thought and hopped home.

What comparison can be made between the hare and the lion after reading the two passages above?

A. Both the hare and the lion are smart and fast.B. Both the hare and the lion are outsmarted.C. Both the hare and the lion use their strength to solve problems.D. Both the hare and the lion are successful.

Question 33

Passage 1


Passage 2


What contrast can be made between the tortoise and the rabbit?


A. The tortoise wants to hurt the hare; the rabbit wants to help.B. The tortoise lies to the hare; the rabbit tells the truth.C. The tortoise wins his race, but the rabbit loses her fight.D. The tortoise is slow and steady; the rabbit thinks quickly.

Question 34

Passage 1


Passage 2


What is an important theme that the two passages share?

A. If you are kind to others, they will be kind to you.B. It is not good to brag about yourself.C. Sometimes, the weak can beat the strong.D. Family is the most important thing.

Question 35

Passage 1

Called the "Golden State," California is the third largest state in the U.S. It is only smaller than Alaska and Texas. In 1849, thousands of people moved there to look for gold. They were called “forty-niners” in honor of the date they moved. The state was admitted to the Union in 1850. Today, it is known as the land of the giant redwoods. It has the highest population of any state in the nation and is our main farming state. It is also the home of Hollywood, the center of the movie and TV business.

Passage 2

The first big gold strike in the U.S. started at Sutter's Mill in 1848. It was found near a river in California. Soon, thousands of people traveled to the state to find gold. Most people lived outside in rundown camps. They put up with harsh weather and wildlife. They did not mind because they thought they would find gold and get rich. These people were called “forty-niners” because they mostly moved in 1849. That year, about 80,000 people had moved west. By 1853, the number went up to 250,000.

What comparison can be made between the two passages?


A. They both give information about California.B. They both focus only on businesses in California.C. They both are about the importance of HollywoodD. They both probably came from the newspaper.

Question 36

Passage 1

Called the "Golden State," California is the third largest state in the U.S. It is only smaller than Alaska and Texas. In 1849, thousands of people moved there to look for gold. They were called “forty-niners” in honor of the date they moved. The state was admitted to the Union in 1850. Today, it is known as the land of the giant redwoods. It has the highest population of any state in the nation and is our main farming state. It is also the home of Hollywood, the center of the movie and TV business.

Passage 2

The first big gold strike in the U.S. started at Sutter's Mill in 1848. It was found near a river in California. Soon, thousands of people traveled to the state to find gold. Most people lived outside in rundown camps. They put up with harsh weather and wildlife. They did not mind because they thought they would find gold and get rich. These people were called “forty-niners” because they mostly moved in 1849. That year, about 80,000 people had moved west. By 1853, the number went up to 250,000.

Which statement best describes how passage 2 is different from passage 1?

A. Passage 2 gives the date that California became a state.B. Passage 2 gives the nickname for the state.C. Passage 2 explains the meaning of "forty-niners."D. Passage 2 gives facts about how many people moved west.

Question 37

Passage 1

Do you know how Maryland and the city of Baltimore got their names? In 1634, King Charles I of England gave land to Lord Baltimore. He named the land after the kind king’s wife, Mary. Lord Baltimore ruled the land, but he had to pay some money to the king. He gave the king a share of the gold or silver that was found on the land. Now, on March 25, some people celebrate Maryland Day to honor the arrival of the first colonists to the area.

Passage 2

The Chesapeake Bay splits Maryland into two sections. The area east of the bay is called the Eastern Shore. The area west of the bay is called the Western Shore. One main land region is the Atlantic Coastal Plain. It covers about one-half of Maryland's land area. It stops at the Piedmont Plateau at a fall line. This line runs from the northern tip of the District of Columbia through Baltimore and up to the corner of the state. The Catoctin ridgeline in the west forms the gateway to the Appalachians.

What contrast can be made between the two passages?


A. Passage 1 is about Maryland's history. Passage 2 is about Delaware's history.B. Passage 1 is about Maryland's history. Passage 2 is about Maryland's land

forms.C. Passage 1 is about English royalty. Passage 2 is about past leaders of Maryland.D. Passage 1 is about England. Passage 2 is about Maryland.

Question 38

Passage 1

Do you know how Maryland and the city of Baltimore got their names? In 1634, King Charles I of England gave land to Lord Baltimore. He named the land after the kind king’s wife, Mary. Lord Baltimore ruled the land, but he had to pay some money to the king. He gave the king a share of the gold or silver that was found on the land. Now, on March 25, some people celebrate Maryland Day to honor the arrival of the first colonists to the area.

Passage 2

The Chesapeake Bay splits Maryland into two sections. The area east of the bay is called the Eastern Shore. The area west of the bay is called the Western Shore. One main land region is the Atlantic Coastal Plain. It covers about one-half of Maryland's land area. It stops at the Piedmont Plateau at a fall line. This line runs from the northern tip of the District of Columbia through Baltimore and up to the corner of the state. The Catoctin ridgeline in the west forms the gateway to the Appalachians.

How is passage 1 similar to passage 2?

A. Both passages describe a special holiday.B. Both passages tell the importance of Lord Baltimore.C. Both passages discuss topics about Maryland.D. Both passages describe what the natural features look like.

Question 39

Passage 1

In the late 1800s, many things in the U.S. were segregated. That means black people and white people were separated. Baseball was divided based on race, too. There were different teams for black players. They were not allowed to play on white teams. Professional African American players had to play on all-black teams such as the Cuban Giants.

Passage 2

A black woman named Rosa Parks was arrested in Alabama in 1955. Do you know what her “crime” was? She would not give up her seat to a white man. At the time, black people were supposed to sit at the back of the bus and give the good seats to white riders. After her arrest, black people protested by starting a local boycott of the bus system. A local Baptist minister, Martin Luther King, Jr., brought the force of black churches behind the boycott. These leaders helped to start a massive civil rights movement that led to equal rights among all races.

What comparison can most likely be made between the authors of these two passages?


A. They are both interested in civil rights.B. They both write editorials for a daily newspaper.C. They are both members of a black church.D. They both like to share personal stories.



In the late 1800s, many things in the U.S. were segregated. That means black people and white people were separated. Baseball was divided based on race, too. There were different teams for black players. They were not allowed to play on white teams. Professional African American players had to play on all-black teams such as the Cuban Giants.

Passage 2

A black woman named Rosa Parks was arrested in Alabama in 1955. Do you know what her “crime” was? She would not give up her seat to a white man. At the time, black people were supposed to sit at the back of the bus and give the good seats to white riders. After her arrest, black people protested by starting a local boycott of the bus system. A local Baptist minister, Martin Luther King, Jr., brought the force of black churches behind the boycott. These leaders helped to start a massive civil rights movement that led to equal rights among all races.

How is passage 2 different from passage 1?

A. Passage 2 describes events in American history.B. Passage 2 describes how sports were affected by segregation.C. Passage 2 gives facts about how baseball was hurt by having separate teams.D. Passage 2 gives names of people who fought for what they believed in


Mr. Richards glanced at his watch as he tossed his gym bag onto the passenger seat of his car. It was 5:20 p.m., but if he hurried, he could make it on time to the health club to meet Kevin to play tennis. With a sigh of relief, he muttered to himself, “That meeting with the boss went way too long.” He put on his seatbelt and turned on the ignition. He turned on the radio to the oldies station, where the song “My Sharona” was playing.” Mr. Richards sang along. Fortunately, he had all green lights, so he was able to make it into the parking lot of the health club with ease at 5:27 p.m. After he locked his car and jogged into the locker room, he still had the last song from the radio in his head and was humming it as he entered the locker room. Kevin had just changed into his exercise shorts and smiled at Mr. Richards. “Dad, were you listening to the oldies station again?” Kevin asked him. Mr. Richards laughed. “Why do you ask that?” he asked. “And I’m sorry I’m running late, son. It was hard to get away from the office today.”

Passage 2

Mr. Richards glanced at his watch as he tossed his gym bag onto the passenger seat of his car. It was 5:20 p.m., but if he hurried, he could make it on time to the health club to meet Kevin to play tennis. With a sigh of relief, he muttered to himself, “That meeting with the boss went way too long.” He put on his seatbelt and turned on the ignition. He popped a CD of The Carpenters into his stereo. During the drive, he had a few red lights while cruising, but he enjoyed singing along with the song “We’ve Only Just Begun.” When he parked his car, he saw that it was 5:34 p.m. He ran to the locker room and almost tripped and fell. Kevin was completely changed into his exercise clothes and bounced a tennis ball on the floor. “Dad, you’re late, and now all the courts are taken,” he said with a smile. “But while we wait for a spot to open up, we can practice,” he added. Mr. Richards was still out of breath from running. “I’m sorry, son,” he said. “It was hard to get away from the office today.”

These two passages are alike because they are both about

A. Kevin telling his dad that they will have to wait until a court is free.


B. Mr. Richards trying to get home on time while listening to music.C. Kevin being bored while he is waiting for his dad to show up.D. Mr. Richards listening to music while driving to the health club.


Mr. Richards glanced at his watch as he tossed his gym bag onto the passenger seat of his car. It was 5:20 p.m., but if he hurried, he could make it on time to the health club to meet Kevin to play tennis. With a sigh of relief, he muttered to himself, “That meeting with the boss went way too long.” He put on his seatbelt and turned on the ignition. He turned on the radio to the oldies station, where the song “My Sharona” was playing.” Mr. Richards sang along. Fortunately, he had all green lights, so he was able to make it into the parking lot of the health club with ease at 5:27 p.m. After he locked his car and jogged into the locker room, he still had the last song from the radio in his head and was humming it as he entered the locker room. Kevin had just changed into his exercise shorts and smiled at Mr. Richards. “Dad, were you listening to the oldies station again?” Kevin asked him. Mr. Richards laughed. “Why do you ask that?” he asked. “And I’m sorry I’m running late, son. It was hard to get away from the office today.”

Passage 2

Mr. Richards glanced at his watch as he tossed his gym bag onto the passenger seat of his car. It was 5:20 p.m., but if he hurried, he could make it on time to the health club to meet Kevin to play tennis. With a sigh of relief, he muttered to himself, “That meeting with the boss went way too long.” He put on his seatbelt and turned on the ignition. He popped a CD of The Carpenters into his stereo. During the drive, he had a few red lights while cruising, but he enjoyed singing along with the song “We’ve Only Just Begun.” When he parked his car, he saw that it was 5:34 p.m. He ran to the locker room and almost tripped and fell. Kevin was completely changed into his exercise clothes and bounced a tennis ball on the floor. “Dad, you’re late, and now all the courts are taken,” he said with a smile. “But while we wait for a spot to open up, we can practice,” he added. Mr. Richards was still out of breath from running. “I’m sorry, son,” he said. “It was hard to get away from the office today.”

How are these two passages different?

A. In Passage 1, Mr. Richards is listening to music from a CD. In Passage 2, he is listening to music on the radio.

B. In Passage 2, Mr. Richards listens to The Carpenters on the radio. In Passage 1, he listens to oldies music on a CD.

C. In Passage 1, Mr. Richards arrives to the health club in seven minutes. In Passage 2, he arrives there in 14 minutes.

D. In Passage 2, Mr. Richards arrives to the club on time. In Passage 1, he arrives really late to the club.


Question 43

Passage 1

Mrs. Bauer double-checked her shopping list as she stood with her loaded shopping cart in the dairy section. It looked like she had everything. On her way to the checkout line, she took deep breaths as she slowly pushed her cart. Grocery shopping usually stressed her out, but it was good to get it over with. Having a list usually helped Mrs. Bauer stay within her budget. As she got in the line at lane five, a woman ahead of her seemed to have trouble checking out. “Run it through again, please,” the woman said. “I’m sorry, Ma’am, but your debit card has been declined twice,” the cashier said. “You’ll need to pay with cash,” he added. The woman sighed and ran her fingers through her red hair. “Okay, I can pay with cash for some of it, but I’m gonna have to leave the rest behind,” she said. Mrs. Bauer felt sorry for the woman and wished she could help, but she just grinned and nodded her head when the woman looked at her. The woman smiled, looking like she felt a little better.

Passage 2

Mrs. Anderson wondered if getting her hair dyed red was a good idea. The beauty salon was expensive, but there was probably enough money left over to buy groceries. Her husband would be home soon and would be hungry for dinner. She pushed her shopping cart into lane five and tossed her groceries onto the conveyor belt to check out. Then she swiped her debit card. “I’m sorry, but it’s denied,” the cashier said. Stunned, Mrs. Anderson swiped her card again. “It’s still denied,” the cashier said. “Do you have another card?” he asked. “Run it through again, please,” she said. “I’m sorry, Ma’am, but your debit card has been declined twice,” he said. “You’ll need to pay cash.” Mrs. Anderson sighed and ran her fingers through her red hair. “Okay, I can pay cash for some of it, but I’m gonna have to leave the rest behind,” she said. A woman had pulled behind her in line. She looked a little bit nervous, but she grinned warmly and nodded, making her gray-and-black hair bounce up and down. I bet she doesn’t have to go to the beauty salon, Mrs. Anderson thought. She smiled at the woman and hoped Mr. Anderson wouldn’t mind eating leftovers for dinner.

These two passages contrast each other because

A. Passage 1 is told from Mrs. Bauer's point of view while Passage 2 is told from Mrs. Anderson's point of view.

B. In Passage 2, Mrs. Bauer uses a shopping list, but in Passage 1, she spends money at the beauty salon instead.

C. In Passage 1, Mrs. Anderson goes to the beauty salon, but in Passage 2, she goes to the grocery store instead.

D. Passage 2 is told from the cashier's point of view while Passage 1 is told from Mrs. Bauer's point of view.


Question 44

Passage 1

Mrs. Bauer double-checked her shopping list as she stood with her loaded shopping cart in the dairy section. It looked like she had everything. On her way to the checkout line, she took deep breaths as she slowly pushed her cart. Grocery shopping usually stressed her out, but it was good to get it over with. Having a list usually helped Mrs. Bauer stay within her budget. As she got in the line at lane five, a woman ahead of her seemed to have trouble checking out. “Run it through again, please,” the woman said. “I’m sorry, Ma’am, but your debit card has been declined twice,” the cashier said. “You’ll need to pay with cash,” he added. The woman sighed and ran her fingers through her red hair. “Okay, I can pay with cash for some of it, but I’m gonna have to leave the rest behind,” she said. Mrs. Bauer felt sorry for the woman and wished she could help, but she just grinned and nodded her head when the woman looked at her. The woman smiled, looking like she felt a little better.

Passage 2

Mrs. Anderson wondered if getting her hair dyed red was a good idea. The beauty salon was expensive, but there was probably enough money left over to buy groceries. Her husband would be home soon and would be hungry for dinner. She pushed her shopping cart into lane five and tossed her groceries onto the conveyor belt to check out. Then she swiped her debit card. “I’m sorry, but it’s denied,” the cashier said. Stunned, Mrs. Anderson swiped her card again. “It’s still denied,” the cashier said. “Do you have another card?” he asked. “Run it through again, please,” she said. “I’m sorry, Ma’am, but your debit card has been declined twice,” he said. “You’ll need to pay cash.” Mrs. Anderson sighed and ran her fingers through her red hair. “Okay, I can pay cash for some of it, but I’m gonna have to leave the rest behind,” she said. A woman had pulled behind her in line. She looked a little bit nervous, but she grinned warmly and nodded, making her gray-and-black hair bounce up and down. I bet she doesn’t have to go to the beauty salon, Mrs. Anderson thought. She smiled at the woman and hoped Mr. Anderson wouldn’t mind eating leftovers for dinner.

How can these two passages be compared to each other?

A. They are both about women who check out in lane five at a grocery store.B. They are both about women who use shopping lists and pay with debit cards.C. They are both about women who need to buy dinner for their husbands.D. They are both about women who go to the same grocery store and salon.


Question 45

Passage 1Viheula

The vihuela is a musical instrument that has strings. The Mexican vihuela is usually played in mariachi bands. It is different from the European vihuela, which has 12 strings. People played the European vihuela before the guitar was invented centuries ago. Today, the Mexican vihuela is played like a guitar.

Passage 2Zither

A musical instrument that has been played in Europe for many centuries is the zither. A zither is usually shaped like a flat box. It can have around 40 or more strings. It can be played while sitting down. There are many different types of zithers. One way to play the zither is by plucking the strings. Another is by hitting the strings with a special hammer.

What comparison can be made between these two passages?

A. Both passages describe an instrument that is only played in Mexico.B. Both passages describe a musical instrument played by plucking strings.C. Both passages describe an instrument that is only played in Europe.D. Both passages describe a musical instrument that has strings.


Question 46

Passage 1

Jake walked home from school slowly. It had not been a good day. His science teacher embarrassed him in front of the class just because he couldn't remember the definition of "work." To make it worse, he got his math test back, and he completely failed it. Now he would have to stay after school two days a week for extra help. A sudden sound made Jake stop in his tracks. What was that? Jake thought to himself. He spun around and saw a scrawny dog with matted fur following him. His big brown eyes seemed to be pleading with Jake. Jake stood still, looking at the dog. Then he decided. He fished in his backpack for his leftover lunch. Holding a scrap out to the dog, he whistled. The dog leapt and snatched the morsel neatly in his teeth. Jake laughed. He tossed another piece of bread and this time, the dog caught it in mid-air. Jake continued throwing bits of his sandwich towards the dog, who continued to catch them perfectly each time. By the time Jake got home, the sandwich was gone, and the dog's tail was wagging with joy. Jake's mom agreed to let him keep the dog. Jake decided that his day hadn't been so bad after all.

Passage 2

All the children in the neighborhood knew Mr. Jackson. He was the grumpy old man who lived in the house covered with vines. No one ever spoke to him. Not even the friendly mailman could get a hello out of him. He was just plain grumpy. That all changed the day Snowball came to the neighborhood. Snowball was the cutest little dog ever. Small and white like a cotton ball, he had been abandoned by his owners. Now a stray, he had decided to live on the friendly street. All the kids loved him, and the neighbors took turns feeding him. He was a neighborhood pet. The only person who did not like him was Mr. Jackson. He tried to have the pound out to collect Snowball, but the children convinced the city worker that Snowball belonged in the neighborhood. So there he stayed. One winter night, the children heard Snowball barking for a long time. He rarely barked at night, preferring to cuddle up on someone's doorstep or in one of the many soft beds the neighborhood provided. But this night was different. Snowball was really barking! After an hour or so of constant barking, the neighbors decided that something must be really wrong. They thought that maybe Snowball was in trouble. They grabbed flashlights and followed the sound. Surprisingly, the barking led them to Mr. Jackson's house. As they drew closer, the neighbors heard another sound. It was Mr. Jackson. He was sprawled awkwardly on his front step, his leg clearly broken. He was calling out for help. Snowball had saved him. From then on, whenever a stray dog was in the neighborhood, Mr. Jackson was the first to feed it. And he always had a smile and a wave for any child who passed by his house.

How was the outcome of the day different for each character?

A. Jake helps a stray dog, and Mr. Jackson is helped by a stray dog.B. Jake's attitude changes, but Mr. Jackson's stays the same.C. Jake gets to keep the dog, but Mr. Jackson sends the dog away.D. Jake feeds the stray dog, and Mr. Jackson refuses to feed strays.


Question 47

Passage 1


Passage 2


How are Jake and Mr. Jackson similar?

A. Both of them are grumpy at the end of the story.B. Both of their neighbors like stray dogs.C. Both of their attitudes change for the better.D. Both of them like to feed stray dogs.


Question 48

Passage 1


Passage 2


How is Jake in the first story most similar to Snowball in the second?

A. Both are distracted by other creatures around them.B. Both go out of their way to help another creature.C. Both complain about bad things that happen to them.D. Both are tired of the neighborhood they live in.


Question 49

Passage 1


Passage 2


How is the first passage similar to the second?

A. Both passages talk about dogs and humans helping each other.B. Both passages talk about dogs that are sick and hungry.C. Both passages talk about mean people who become nicer.D. Both passages talk about neighbors that take care of strays.


Question 50

Passage 1Therese Peltier

Many people think that Amelia Earhart was the first woman pilot. She certainly is the most famous one! However, the first woman to fly an airplane by herself was a woman named Therese Peltier. Born in France, Peltier was an artist by trade. She was friends with a man named Leon Delagrange. He was a pioneer in the study of flight. Therese was his passenger when he recorded the longest flight in 1908. It was 30 minutes and 28 seconds long. Therese must have gotten the flying bug from Leon. She became the first woman to fly all by herself. She went 200 meters. But she was only 2.5 meters off the ground. That's not very high compared to how high our jet planes fly today. For that time period, it was an amazing flight.

Passage 2Elizabeth Blackwell

In 1832, a smart young lady got on a boat in England with her family. She was on her way to the United States. Her name was Elizabeth Blackwell. Her rich father paid for private tutors for her and her sisters. Most women were not educated at that time. However, Elizabeth saw a need for women to be able to talk with a female doctor. So, she became interested in medicine. She studied by herself for a long time. She was afraid of what others would think of her. Elizabeth finally applied to Geneva Medical School in New York. Her classmates were not happy. She ended up finishing her studies in England and then France. She returned to the U.S. in 1851. Since no hospital would have her, she opened a practice in her own home. Women and children flocked to her. She was able to win the respect of other male doctors. She became famous as the first woman doctor in the U.S.

According to the two passages, how are Therese Peltier and Elizabeth Blackwell different from each other?

A. Therese Peltier lived in France, and Elizabeth Blackwell lived in the United States.B. Therese Peltier was the first woman sculptor, and Elizabeth Blackwell was the first

woman teacher.C. Therese Peltier was the first woman to fly by herself, and Elizabeth Blackwell

was the first woman doctor.D. Therese Peltier's father was rich, and Elizabeth Blackwell came from a poor family.


Question 51

Passage 1My Family in Oregon

My family moved to Oregon from Kansas when I was 13. My dad got a job helping to build a large dam on a river near town. Most of the students in class were like me, but we also had a lot of Native American students. After a while, my best friend in school became Kawa. One day at school, I went up to Kawa and asked him if he wanted to play after school. He didn't answer me. Kawa looked down and then said, "My parents don't want me to be around you anymore." "Why not?" I asked. "My family doesn't like how your father is building the new dam in town. That dam will hurt the salmon runs that happen up the river." "What? You mean your family doesn't want you to see me because of some stupid fish?" Kawa stood up and shook his head. "Those aren't stupid fish! My people have fished those salmon for centuries!" That night, I asked my father about the dam. "This town is our home, and the river and dam are important to the town," he continued. "Many people in town have good jobs because of the dam." After my dad told me that, the dam seemed like a good idea to me.

Passage 2Goodbye, River

I remember when the town voted to build the new dam on the local river in Oregon. Everyone said that it would bring more jobs to our town, but people didn't talk about how it might hurt the river. For me, the river was too important to the town. My family and people had lived alongside those rivers for thousands of years. We depended on the salmon runs that came each year. Because of this, the river became a part of our identity. We must not forget the importance of nature. When we build things, like roads and buildings, they create jobs, but they also destroy trees, rivers, and lakes. So when the dam was finally built, it made my wife and me sad. We decided to move away. The town had been my home since I was born, but I couldn't stay there anymore. My son, Kawa, was very upset when I told him we were moving away, but we found a new town with a good school.

Despite being from different cultures, the fathers in each passage share what similarity?

A. They both believe the dam should not be built.B. They both think the dam is a good idea for the town.C. They both believe salmon is a healthy meal to eat.D. They both think the river is important to the town.


Question 52

Passage 1My Family in Oregon

My family moved to Oregon from Kansas when I was 13. My dad got a job helping to build a large dam on a river near town. Most of the students in class were like me, but we also had a lot of Native American students. After a while, my best friend in school became Kawa. One day at school, I went up to Kawa and asked him if he wanted to play after school. He didn't answer me. Kawa looked down and then said, "My parents don't want me to be around you anymore." "Why not?" I asked. "My family doesn't like how your father is building the new dam in town. That dam will hurt the salmon runs that happen up the river." "What? You mean your family doesn't want you to see me because of some stupid fish?" Kawa stood up and shook his head. "Those aren't stupid fish! My people have fished those salmon for centuries!" That night, I asked my father about the dam. "This town is our home, and the river and dam are important to the town," he continued. "Many people in town have good jobs because of the dam." After my dad told me that, the dam seemed like a good idea to me.

Passage 2Goodbye, River

I remember when the town voted to build the new dam on the local river in Oregon. Everyone said that it would bring more jobs to our town, but people didn't talk about how it might hurt the river. For me, the river was too important to the town. My family and people had lived alongside those rivers for thousands of years. We depended on the salmon runs that came each year. Because of this, the river became a part of our identity. We must not forget the importance of nature. When we build things, like roads and buildings, they create jobs, but they also destroy trees, rivers, and lakes. So when the dam was finally built, it made my wife and me sad. We decided to move away. The town had been my home since I was born, but I couldn't stay there anymore. My son, Kawa, was very upset when I told him we were moving away, but we found a new town with a good school.

How are passages 1 and 2 different?

A. In passage 1, the dam is helpful because it helps the salmon. In passage 2, the dam is helpful because it provides jobs.

B. In passage 1, the narrator has just moved to Oregon. In passage 2, the narrator has just moved to Kansas.

C. In passage 1, the narrator is an adult. In passage 2, the narrator is a young child.D. In passage 1, the dam is helpful because it provides jobs. In passage 2, the dam

is harmful because it destroys the wildlife.


Question 53

Passage 1New Year's Eve

Every December 31st, my family gathers to celebrate New Year's Eve. In my family, we start by preparing a meal. Then, we usually exchange small presents and later turn on the television to watch the fireworks and the giant ball drop in New York City's Time Square. My favorite part of the celebration is when everyone counts down from 10 to mark the New Year just before the time hits midnight.

Passage 2The Chinese New Year

My family always looks forward to celebrating the Chinese New Year. In China, we celebrate the Spring Festival, which starts on the first day of the Chinese New Year. We set off fireworks on that day. Our celebration lasts for 15 days. On the final day, we celebrate the Lantern Festival, which includes parades and costumes. The Lantern Festival is on the first full moon of the year.

Although each passage describes different New Year celebrations, what is one important similarity?

A. Both passages discuss how the celebrations take place on more than one day.B. Both passages discuss how costumes are an important part of celebrating.C. Both passages mention the importance of the first full moon in the celebrations.D. Both passages mention that family is an important part of the celebrations.


Question 54

Halle's Box of Memories

Halle sat cross-legged on the hardwood floor and leaned against the side of her bed. The cold, dimly lit bedroom was silent as she looked through her memory box. It held pictures and souvenirs from places she had visited. Halle dumped the box's contents onto the floor and let her fingers slide the items around. She wasn't looking for anything in particular. Halle just wanted to remember happier times. Halle noticed the ticket stubs from the hockey game she and her dad had gone to a few weeks ago. Halle had not been feeling well, but she went anyway. The crowd had been loud and excited. Sadly, Halle had been too weak to join in the cheering. Halle's dad had been very concerned about her. They had left the game early because Halle had been hot and sweaty despite the cold temperatures inside the arena. Halle's parents had thought she had the flu and would get well in a matter of days. Halle looked at the ticket stubs and shook her head. If only it had just been the flu, she thought. A few tears slid down Halle's cheeks. When Halle had not gotten better, her parents had taken her to the doctor. After some tests, Halle had learned that she had leukemia, a type of cancer that attacks the blood cells. The doctors had said she would be okay, but the treatment would be very hard on her body. The strong medicine the doctors had used caused Halle's hair to fall out. Now, Halle could not go out of the house for weeks while her body recovered. She placed the ticket stubs back in the box and looked for a happier memory. Halle held up a picture of her best friend Katri and herself at the Adventureland theme park. She and Katri had just gotten off the rushing river ride. Both of the girls had wet hair and huge smiles. That day had been sunny and hot. Loud music had played as Halle and Katri had waited in the long line of teenagers and families. The wait hadn't seemed long because the two girls had talked and giggled the whole time. Halle laughed as she pictured Katri going under the waterfall and screaming at the top of her lungs. Then, the raft had turned. Halle had let out a few shrieks of her own as the cold water had soaked and refreshed her. This was the kind of memory she needed right now. Halle started feeling better as she planned her next outing with Katri.

How do the settings of Halle's first and second memories differ?

A. Halle's first memory is set in theme park while her second memory is set in a rushing river ride.

B. Halle's first memory takes place in a hockey arena while her second memory takes place in an amusement park.

C. Halle's first memory takes place in an amusement park while her second memory takes place in a cold room.

D. Halle's first memory is set in a hockey arena while her second memory is set in a doctor's office.


Question 55



How is the setting of Halle's room different from the setting of Halle's second memory?

A. Halle's room brings back good memories while the amusement park brings back bad memories.

B. Halle's room is dark, cold, and quiet while the amusement park is sunny, hot, and noisy.

C. Halle's room is comfortable and spacious while the amusement park is overcrowded.D. Halle's room is clean and beautifully decorated while the amusement park is dirty and

ugly.


Question 56



How is the setting of Halle's room like the setting of Halle's first memory?

A. Halle's room and the hockey arena are both cold.B. Halle's room and the hockey arena are both noisy.C. Halle's room and the hockey arena are both Halle's favorite places.D. Halle's room and the hockey arena are both dark and very cramped.


Question 57

from A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Courtby Mark Twain

The moment I got a chance I slipped aside privately and touched an ancient common looking man on the shoulder and said, in an insinuating1, confidential way: "Friend, do me a kindness. Do you belong to the asylum2, or are you just on a visit or something like that?" He looked me over stupidly, and said: "Marry, fair sir, me seemeth—" "That will do," I said; "I reckon you are a patient." I moved away, cogitating3, and at the same time keeping an eye out for any chance passenger in his right mind that might come along and give me some light. I judged I had found one, presently; so I drew him aside and said in his ear: "If I could see the head keeper a minute—only just a minute—" "Prithee do not let me." "Let you what?" "Hinder me, then, if the word please thee better. Then he went on to say he was an under-cook and could not stop to gossip, though he would like it another time; for it would comfort his very liver to know where I got my clothes. As he started away he pointed and said yonder was one who was idle enough for my purpose, and was seeking me besides, no doubt. This was an airy slim boy in shrimp-colored tights that made him look like a forked carrot, the rest of his gear was blue silk and dainty laces and ruffles; and he had long yellow curls, and wore a plumed pink satin cap tilted complacently4 over his ear. By his look, he was good-natured; by his gait, he was satisfied with himself. He was pretty enough to frame. He arrived, looked me over with a smiling and impudent5 curiosity; said he had come for me, and informed me that he was a page6. "Go 'long," I said; "you ain't more than a paragraph."

1. to be hinting at something in a way that is not direct

2. a shelter for people who are mentally ill

3. to be thinking something over

4. in a self-satisfied manner

5. not polite

6. a young person who completes small jobs for another person


A dialect is a variety of language spoken by people in a certain geographic region and/or social class. The variety of language is set apart from other varieties of the same language by grammar, phonology (the way it sounds), and vocabulary.


Describe how the author's use of different dialects affects the story. Use examples from the passage to support your answer.

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