Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________ Human Body Tissues Levels of Organization 1. Cells 2. ____________________ = groups of similar cells that perform a _________________________ 3. Organ = ______________________________________________________________________ 4. ____________________ = group of organs __________________________________________ Four Major Tissues 1. 2. 3. 4. Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Nerve Tissue Muscle Tissue Anatomical Compass Consider the planes of the body. Understanding these will facilitate learning terms related to position of structures relative to each other and movement of various parts of the body.
Transcript
Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________Human Body Tissues
Levels of Organization1. Cells
2. ____________________ = groups of similar cells that perform a _________________________
3. Organ = ______________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________ = group of organs __________________________________________
Four Major Tissues
1.
2.
3.
4.
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Nerve Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Anatomical CompassConsider the planes of the body. Understanding these will facilitate learning terms related to position of
structures relative to each other and movement of various parts of the body.
Terms of Relation or Position
FRONTAL (or coronal) separates the body into ____________ and _____________ parts
MEDIAN (or midsagittal) separates body into ________ and _________ parts
HORIZONTAL separates the body into _____________ and ______________ parts SAGITTAL any plane parallel to the _______________ plane
Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________Most of these are pairs of opposites.
superior (closer to the head) inferior (closer to the feet) reference point -- horizontal planeposterior (dorsal) closer to the posterior surface of the body
anterior (ventral) closer to the anterior surface of the body reference point -- frontal or coronal plane
medial (lying closer to the midline) lateral (lying further away from the midline) reference point -- sagittal plane
proximal closer to the origin of a structure
distal further away from the origin of a structure reference point -- the origin of a structure
superficial deep reference point -- surface of body or organ
median reference point -- along the midsagittal or median plane
intermediate between two other structures
Nervous System (Chapter 35-2 through 35-4) Labeling:Label the diagram of the brain, using the following terms: frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, cerebral cortex, cerebellum, medulla, brain stem/spinal cord, pituitary, hypothalamus, and thalamus.
Short Answer1. What role does the nervous system play in the functions of the body?
2. What is the function of a neuron?
3. Compare the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.
LabelingIdentify the parts of the neuron, using the following terms: dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, nodes, cell body, nucleus and axon terminals.
Sequencing
The _____________ skeleton is the central part of the skeleton used to protect vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs.
The _____________ skeleton is used for movement and includes the pectoral and pelvic girdle and the extremities attached to them.
Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________Write the correct sequence of events that occur during the transmission of a nerve impulse._____1. Action potential continues to move along the axon.
Directions: Label the following skeleton using these terms: pelvis, radius, cranium, metacarpals, femur, ulna, tibia, mandible, tarsals, sternum, rib, phalanges, humerus, clavicle, carpals, patella, vertebra, rib, fibula, and metatarsals.
Short Answer:Answer the following questions about the skeletal system.1. What are the functions of the skeletal system?
1. 4.2. 5.
2. What types of tissues make up the skeletal system?
3. What are bones?
Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________4. What is the advantage of spongy bone issue in the ends of long bones?
5. Which cells are produced in red bone marrow? (define)1. 2.3.
Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________Compare and ContrastComplete the following chart using the words YES or NO to compare the three types of muscles.
Skeletal Smooth Cardiac
Voluntary Control
Striated
Individual Nuclei in cells
Attached to bone
Can contract
Spindle shaped
Integumentary System (Chapter 36-3) LabelingLabel the diagram of the skin.
Structure:
Functions:
Short Answer
Hair
Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________1. What are the functions of sebaceous glands and sweat glands?
2. You cut your arm and it begins to bleed. Which layer of skin must have been penetrated for the cut to begin bleeding?
3. What is the function of melanin?
4. What are the two functions of integumentary system?
5. How does the humidity of the air around you affect how well your skin cools your body?
ApplicationRead the following article about Acne and answer the following questions for homework.
Contrary to one popular belief, pimples are not caused by chocolate. Pimples are caused by acne, a disorder of the sebaceous glands in the skin. Sebaceous glands secrete a fatty lubricant know as sebum, through the pores and hair follicles. Humans have sebaceous glands all over the body, except the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Acne occurs when sebum from the sebaceous glands clogs the pores in these areas of the body. Blackheads are external plugs made of sebum and dead cells. If the plugs are invaded by bacteria, they become pimples, or pus-filled inflammations.
Hormones trigger the production of sebum. Hormone cycles change throughout adolescence, so adolescents are most likely to suffer from acne. The exact cause of acne is not clear. Genetic factors, as well as hormonal changes, seem to trigger the disorder. While they do not cause acne, poor skin care, lack of sunlight, and lack of exercise may aggravate it. In some people, certain foods may also irritate symptoms of the disorder.
Most adolescents, and many adults, suffer from some form of mild acne; a few people have more severe cases. Treatments vary greatly. For minor cases, gently cleansing the skin with mild soap and warm – not hot – water can help irritations heal more quickly. For more severe cases, antibiotics, especially tetracycline, can reduce infections and prevent new infections. When antibiotics are used over a long period of time, however, bacteria often become resistant to them.
Two drugs have been developed from treating acne, both related to vitamin A. Tretinoin (Retin A) and isotrertinoin (Accutane) have successfully been used to treat acne. Both drugs however may have side effects.
1. Do different types of food cause pimples? Explain your answer.
2. What are some possible factors that cause acne?
Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________Immune System (Chapter 40)
*Review* Complete as homework.Function:
Key Terms ExplanationsAntigen
Antibody
Spleen:
Lymph Nodes:
Bone Marrow:
Thymus:
Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms Specific Defense Mechanisms(Immune Response)
First Line of Defense Second Line of Defense Third Line of DefenseGoal:
Details:
Goal:
Details:
Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________Digestive System (Chapter 38-2)
Labeling and ExplainingLabel the organs of the digestive system and describe each organs function. Use the following terms: pancreas, gallbladder, large intestine, rectum, salivary glands, small intestine, stomach, mouth, esophagus, liver and pharynx.
Short Answer1. What are two functions of the digestive system?
1.2.
2. What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?Mechanical --
Chemical --
3. What is the route food takes through the body?
4. How are the internal intestines’ structures, called villi, adapted to absorb food?
5. Describe two diseases of the digestive system.1.
2.
Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________Excretory System (Chapter 38-3)
Labeling and ExplainingLabel the parts of the excretory system and describe their function. Use the following terms: bladder, ureter, urethra, and kidneys, (5)glomerulus,(6) Loop of Henle,(7) collecting duct, (8)Bowman’s capsule, (9)proximal tubule, (10)distal tubule.
Short AnswerUse the diagram of the nephron above to answer the following questions.
1. Where does filtration take place in the nephron?
2. What substance diffuses out of the glomerulus?
3. What happens to the filtrate as it flows through the renal tubule?
1. What is the material called that remains after reabsorption?
Respiratory System (Chapter 37-3) LabelingLabel the diagram of the respiratory system.
Short Answer1. What are the functions of the respiratory system?
Nephron -
_______
_______
_______
______________
_______
Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________2. What part of the brain controls breathing?
3. How does emphysema affect the respiratory system?
4. How does the diaphragm aid in breathing?
5. Explain how the respiratory and the circulatory system work together to respond to your body’s needs during exercise.
Drawing ConclusionIllustrate the capillaries in the alveoli and show how gas exchanges.
Describe the process of gas exchange.
Circulatory System (Chapter 37-1) The circulatory system can simply be diagramed in a box, like below. We will complete this together and then you will label the real parts at the bottom of the page.
Labeling
Name: ____________________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ____________Label the parts of the heart. Use the following terms: pulmonary vein, bicuspid valve, ventricle (right, left), superior vena cava, aorta, pulmonary artery, and tricuspid valve.
CompletionComplete the outline tracing the pathway of blood through the heart.
1. A large vein called the ______________________________ brings the blood from the upper part of the
body to the heart, where it enters the _____________________________.
2. The blood is pumped out of the right atrium into the __________________________.
3. Travels through the ___________________________ to the ___________________, where it picks up
oxygen.
4. From the lungs, blood travels through the _________________________ and returns to the heart, where
it enters the ______________________.
5. Finally, the blood is forced from the _______________________ into the ______________________,
which carries it to the tissues of the body.
Short Answer1. What are the major components of blood?
2. What are the 3 types of vessels and their function?
3. What might happen if a blood clot forms inside in the circulatory system and lodges in a major blood vessel?
4. The only vein that carries oxygenated blood is the _______________________ and the only artery that
carries deoxygenated blood is the _________________________.
LabelingLabel the diagram of the endocrine system and list its major function. Use the terms: thyroid, testes, pituitary, pancreas, ovaries, parathyroid, thymus, and pineal.
Short Answer1. What is a hormone?
2. What is the relationship between a hormone and a target cell? Use a specific example to explain your answer.
