MS- Lesson 2 - Towards Independent

8/16/2019 MS- Lesson 2 - Towards Independent

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CHAPTER 2

TOWARDS INDEPENDENCE AND

FORMATION OF MALAYSIA


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Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

Colonial Era

• Reflets t!e attration of t!e ountr" # of t!e Mala" Ar!i$ela%o to t!e forei%n ountries

• Su&'u%ated &" ot!er $o(ers for ))* "ears +,-,, . ,/-0 1

• ritis! # 3a$anese sueeded in oloni4in% and left t!ei5$at on t!e $eo$le

•T!e Fators for oloni4in% Mala"sia6

• 7ase natural resoures # ot!er soures of (ealt!• to e8tend $olitial influene # C!ristian fait!

• 3a$anese

• and e7en Sia5ese

• Portu%uese

• Dut!• ritis!


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Ta&le ,9:6 Colonists and t!e Features of Do5ination

Colonist Duration Notes

Portu%uese ,-,, . ,*),

+,:; "ears1

• Mainl" in Malaa

• Was o$$osed &" t!e Mala"s of Malaa (it! t!e aid of A!e!

• Did not lea7e &e!ind 5an" traes< e8e$t in t!e areas of lan%ua%e and dane

Dut! ,*), . ,=2)

+,=: "ears1

• Mainl" in Malaa

• Did not lea7e 5an" traes> foused on oloni4in% Indonesia

• Was o$$osed &" t!e Mala"s (!o fre?uentl" reei7ed !el$ fro5 t!e u%is

ritis! ,=2) . ,/)2

,/)- . ,/-0

+,:; "ears1

• Coloni4ed t!e (!ole of Peninsula Mala"sia> t(o $!ases

• Left &e!ind si%nifiant influene on t!e (a" of t!e life of t!e $eo$le +P@E@S1

• Was stron%l" o$$osed &" t!e ountr"s $o$ulation

Sia5ese ,=2, . ,/;/

+== "ears1

• Was for a lon% ti5e lord of t!e states in t!e nort! of t!e Mala" Peninsula

• Sta"ed 5ainl" in t!e nort!ern states of t!e Mala" Peninsula na5el"< Perlis<

Beda! and Belantan• Traes of influene 7er" e7ident in t!e states in t!e nort!< es$eiall" in t!e

areas of reli%ion +udd!ist1 and art

3a$anese ,/)2 . ,/)-

+: "ears1

• Coloni4ed t!e entire ountr"

• reatl" influened t!e life of t!e $eo$le< es$eiall" in ter5s of relations

&et(een t!e raes

• Was o$$osed &" t!e (!ole ountr"


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Portu%uese +,-,, . ,*),1

• T!e 5ain reason6• to ontrol t!e 5ariti5e trade in t!e East

• S$read C!ristianit"

• Failure to e8$end $o(er6• Inonsisten" &et(een t!eir6

» tradin% $raties

» Reli%ion

– Alfonso de Albuquerque usin% fore to 5ae t!e %rou$ of

5er!ants lea7e Malaa and t!e" 7ie(ed t!e Portu%uese as

ene5" to ot!er Isla5i ountries


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Portu%uese +,-,, . ,*),1 Cont

• Main influenes e7idenes6• Eurasian o55unit"

• ro5ani4ed (ritin%

• lan%ua%e• ter5inolo%" + palsu, almari, jandela, garpu & tuala in Mala"1

• Led to start 3o!oreRiau Mala" Bin%do5


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7/28Module Code and Module Title Title of Slides

ritis! +,=2) . ,/)21• ,0=*6 Penan% (as founded &" &" Franis Li%!t

G+after an a%ree5ent &et(een Franis Li%!t # Sultan A&dulla! $rotet Beda! fro5 Sia5ese t!reat1

• ,=,/6 Sin%a$ore (as founded &" Sta5ford Raffles

G+a!ie7ed t!rou%! t!e 5ani$ulation &" t!e ritis! of a loal issues of 5isunderstandin% &et(eenC!ief Militar" Offier A&dul Ra!5an +Sin%a$ore Ad5inistrator1 # Sultan A&dul Ra!5an in Riau 1

• T!e %eneral tenden"6

• Fous on o$enin% of Sin%a$ore• An%loDut! Treat" of ,=2) Mar! ,06 Mala" Ar!i$ela%o di7ided

to t(o different %eo$olitial area in ,/ # 2; entur"

• T!e esta&lis!5ent # transfer of $o(er of t!e Straits Settle5ents

• T!e %ro(t! of t!e tin 5inin% industr"

• Inrease of C!inese $o$ulation• T!e inter7ention of t!e Mala" States in ,=0)

• Pro%ress in ritis! ad5inistration

• For5ation of t!e Federated Mala" States in ,=/*

• O$enin% of ru&&er estate

See table 1.4: The Chronology Of British Colonization – pg. 10



ritis! +,=2) . ,/)21 Cont

• Straits Settle5ents• Consisted of Sin%a$ore< Malaa # Penan% Island

• nited in ,=2/

• Penan% Island6,st a$ital state (it! o7ernor as!ead

• Ad5inistration of Straits Settle5ents transferredfro5 Culutta in India to London oursed6

» More effiient ad5inistration

» Co55erial a%riulture +&la $a$er< %a5&ier<nut5e%< lo7e # su%ar ane1

» Pirate ati7ities (ere eradiated

» ritis! &e%an to $a" attention to t!e Mala" state



ritis! +,=2) . ,/)21 Cont

• ritis! Inter7ention in Mala" States< Sa&a! # Sara(a• T!ere !ad &een se7eral ases of indiret inter7ention6

» Ra'a Ali # Te5en%%un% I&ra!i5 in 3o!ore

» Nanin% War of ,=:,

» Andersons a%ree5ent (it! Selan%or # Pera in ,=2-• In Se$te5&er ,=0:< Lord Bi5&erl"inau%urated inter7ention $oli"

• efore t!at ritis! inter7ened onl" in Sara(a

* See Table 1.5: Suary of British !nter"ention in the #alay States$

Sabah % Sara&a'


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State Record of Events

Selan%or +,=0)1

Con’t

• In 1873, a ritis! car"o boat #as attac$ed b% &irates' t!e ritis! too$ t!is as ane(cuse to intervene

• In Au"ust 187), *ran$ S#etten!a+ #as a&&ointed official advisor to t!e Sultan

-./. Davidson as t!e Resident

Sun%ai 'un%

+,=0)1

• Stru%%le for $o(er in Sun%ai Lin%%i &et(een Dato Belana Said A&dul Ra!5an # Dato

andar Bulu$ Tun%%al

• Dato Belana sou%!t !el$ fro5 t!e En%lis! # (as su&se?uentl" ano(led%ed as !ief of

Sun%ai 'on%9 Ho(e7er< t!e a$$oint5ent of Dato Belana # ritis! $resene (ereo$$osed

&" Dato andar Bulu$ Tun%%al

• T!e ritis! ar5"< led &" W9A9 Pierin%< suessfull" defeated Dato andar Bulu$Tun%%al

• Sun%ai 'on% ae$ted ritis! Ad7isor< W9I9 Tat!a5

Pa!an%

+,==;s1

• Ci7il (ar &roe out due to t!e stru%%le &et(een Wan Muta!ir # Wan A!5ad for t!e $ost of

C!ief Minister

• T!e ritis! (ere (orried o7er Sultan A!5ads su%%estion to %i7e trade onessions to

Western $o(ers

• In Fe&ruar" ,===< a ritis! iti4en +of C!inese desent1 (as 5urdered in Pean +near t!e

sultans $alae1

• T!e ritis! too t!at as an e8use to inter7ene

• Sultan A!5ad ae$ted t!e ritis! Resident 39P9 Rod%er

Table 1.5: Suary of British !nter"ention in the #alay States$ Sabah % Sara&a'

Con(t



Table 1.5: Suary of British !nter"ention in the #alay States$ Sabah % Sara&a'

Con(t

State Record of Events

Saba!

01)2

• 4art of Saba! #as under t!e runei Sultanate since t!e 12 t! centur%

• 5as leased to C!arles 6ee oses in 182 subsequentl% sold to aron 9on

:verbec$

•; !e Sulu Sultanete a"reed to "ive u& t!eir land in Saba! to :verbac$ Dent in 1878

• ;!e Nort! orneo C!artered Co+&an% #as establis!ed to ad+inister Saba!• :n 1t! -ul% 1)2, Saba! #as declared a ritis! colon%



T!e Era of t!e E5er%en"

• Related to de7elo$5ent of Co55unist Part" ofMala"a +MCP1

• Cre$t into Mala"a in ,/2;s (it! Buo5intan%Part" fro5 C!ina9

• Pri5ar" o&'eti7e6o7ert!ro( ritis! # esta&lis!Co55unist Re$u&li of Mala"a

• ,/)2 'oint (it! ritis! for5ed MPA3A to a%ainstt!e 3a$anese

• After 3a$anese left t!e" for5ed Mala"an RaesLi&eration A5" +MRLA1 to a%ainst ritis! a%ain# no(n as : Stars +: raes19



T!e Era of t!e E5er%en" Cont

• No su$$ort for Co55unist Ideolo%"• Mala"s6 o55unis5 a%ainst Isla5i tea!in%

denied t!e e8istene of od

do5inated &" C!inese . reated sus$iion

%i7e 5ore fous on i5$ro7in% t!e eono5"

• C!inese6 se7eral leaders esta&lis! Mala"an C!inese

Assoiation +MCA1

to sa7e%uard t!e interest of C!inese $eo$le

• En%lis! %o7ern5ent too definite sta$es to (i$e out

o55unis5 and MCP ati7ities




Declaration of E+er"enc% E+er"enc% 6a#s

• 3une ,*< ,/)=< &" Sir Ed(ard ent +ritis! Hi%!

Co55issioner1 . due to illin% of : Euro$ean estate

5ana%er in Pera

• Pera # 3o!ore

• 3une ,0< ,/)= . t!e (!ole of Mala"a

• i7e $o(er to Polie # Soldiers to arrest # detain

o55unist sus$ets (it!out trial9

• Road&los # urfe(s< re%istration s"ste5 (as

introdued . iti4ens a%ed ,2 "ears # a&o7e 5ust o(n

an identifiation ard9




ritis! Plans

• T!e ri%%s Plan• " Sir Harold ri%%s . reloate t!e C!inese s?uatter areas to ne( 7illa%e .

);; 7illa%es +started 3une ,< ,/-; in 3o!ore1

• Militar" Measures• " Sir erald Te5$ler +5ilitar" %eneral1 . used fir5 5ilitar" fore +En%lis!

soldiers< ur!as # Mala"s1

• Ps"!olo%ial Warfare• " Sir erald Te5$ler . eas" iti4ens!i$ for nonMala"< $ardonin% t!e lar%e

nu5&er of MCP 5e5&ers (!o surrendered< re(ardin% $eo$le (!o $ro7ideinfor5ation on MCP %i7in% out $a5$!lets< introdue W!ite # la areaJ

• One of t!e suess 5et!od in endin% MCP ati7ities

• T!e alin% Ne%otiation•

MCP deided to ne%otiate (it! %o7ern5ent• At alin%< Beda! on 2= # 2/ De9 ,/--• Ten%u A&dul Ra!5an< Da7id Mars!all # Tan C!en% Lo re$resented

%o7ern5ent• C!in Pen%< C!en Tien # Ras!id Maidin re$resented t!e MCP• MCP re?uested to &e le%all" reo%nised• Ne%otiations failed9




I5$at of E5er%en"

• 3ul" :,< ,/*;< Ten%u A&dul Ra!5an $rolai5ed t!e end of t!e e5er%en"• MCP failure6

• Offensi7e ats a%ainst Mala"an nion

• La of su$$ort fro5 Mala"an $eo$le

• La of $rotetion fro5 Russia # C!ina

• ,2 "ears left 5an" ne%ati7e results• /



#))+), -,!O, 14/ 14

•Reason for t!e Mala"an nion Plan

a9 To(ards a 5ore effiient ad5inistration

&9 Need for a stron%< united ountr"unifor5it"

9 Pre$aration for self %o7ern5ent

d9 To $rotet ritis! interest•. Introdued in A$ril ,/)*

•. :&&osition to t!e ala%an


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233)T!O, of #))+) 14

•i9e9 S$eial $ri7ile%es

- nonMala"s un!a$$" . iti4ens!i$ re?uire5ents

• C!inese C!a5&er of Co55ere

• AMC3A . Tan C!en% Lo

Federation . states still retain so5e $o(er nion entrali4ed $o(er

Effect of t!e *ederation

a9 Mala" Peninsula under one %o7ern5ent

&9 Po(ers of Sultan and state ounils (ere restored

9 Reation of t!e Mala"s and nonMala"s


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363O7#3,T of 7O!T!C)

7)T!3S • C4 04> 13?- under%round $art"do5inated &" C!ineseinfluene of 5ainland C!ina

- Me5&ers 5ostl" disontented lo(er (orin% lass

- ai+ to esta&lis! Co55unist Re$u&li of Mala"a &" o7ert!ro(in%%o7ern5ent

- 7er" suessful durin% 3a$anese ou$ation . ne( loo MPA3Aritis!

su$$ort5arria%e of on7eniene- (!en ritis! returned . t!e ordial relations!i$ started to strain as MCP still

een to for5 Co55unist re$u&li

- leaders!i$ under C!in Pen% and Lai Te

- ritis! suesfull" la5$ed do(n MCPs ati7ities

@.


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Parties un!a$$" (it! t!e

Federation

a9 AMC3A . Tan C!en% Lo

&9 PBMM . Dr ur!anuddin alHel5i

9 AWAS . S!a5sia! Fae!

d9 API . A!5ad oesta5an

•. PTERA +PBMM< AWAS # API1 . AMC3A

•. ,/)0 Dr ur!anuddin alHel5i introduedPerle5&a%aan Ra"at<

•. ritis! found it too radial


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3. CA 0@7 *eb 1)2

-. Tan C!en% Lo first $resident -. to unite C!inese a%ainst Co55unist< to

s!o( lo"alt" and (or alon%side (it! t!e

%o7ern5ent and to $rotet C!ineseeono5i and $olitial ri%!ts

). IC 0 8 Au"ust 1)2•. ,st President (as 3o!n T!i7"

•. 363O7#3,T of 7O!T!C) 7)T!3S


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2O#)T!O, of #))+S!)

• " ,/*, t!e FM !ad &een inde$endent for ) "ears9• Mala"a !ad a sta&le %o7ern5ent and t!ere (as eono5i and

soial

• $ro%ress9

•Sin%a$ore !ad o&tained full internal self . %o7ern5ent sine ,/-/

• &ut still ontrolled &" ritain9

• Sa&a!< Sara(a and runei . ritis! Cro(n Colonial sine ,/)*9

•20 Ma" ,/*,< Ten%u A&dul Ra!5an $ro$osed a 5er%er of Mala"a Sa&a! Sara(a Sin%a$ore runei MALAYSIA

- t!ere (ould &e a entral %o7ern5ent for all t!ese territories9

- ea! territories (ould retain so5e of its $o(ers9


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SIN/A4:RE’S DESIRE for

ER/ER

- 4A4 ca+e to &o#er in 1

- Lee Buan Ye(< as Pri5e Minister of Sin%a$ore9

• Reasons

- Eono5iall"< Sin%a$ore still de$endent on Mala"a9

- Sin%a$ore ontinued to fae t!e t!reat of Co55unist

• ;E A6ABAN /:9ERNEN; 5AS A/AINS; ER/ER

- t!e $o$ulation in Sin%a$ore (as lar%el" C!inese9

- Co55unist ati7ities (ould s$read to Mala"a fro5 Sin%a$ore9

• REAS:NS for ;AR 4R:4:SA6 for ;E *

- inreasin% Co55unist influene in Sin%a$ore

- to &alane t!e raial Co5$osition9

- to enoura%e eono5i de7elo$5ent9


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PROPOSAL of THE MALAYSIA

PLAN

- Sin%a$ore< Sa&a!< Sara(a # runei if a%reed to t!e Mala"sia Plant!e" (ould %et t!eir inde$endene earl"9

- In 3ul" ,/*,< a Mala"sia Solidarit" Consultati7e Co55ittee (as setu$9

- To %et t!eir o$inions9

• RITAIN

- t!e ritis! %o7ern5ent ne( t!at it !ad to %i7e inde$endene toSin%a$ore< Sa&a! # Sara(a sooner or later9

- It reali4ed t!at t!e Mala"sia Plan (ould %i7e t!ese territories $olitialsta&ilit"< and $ros$erit"9

- In ,/*2< t!e ritis! %o7ern5ent a$$ointed a o55ission of in?uir"9

- T!e Co&&old Co55ission9


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THE RNEI REKOLT

• T(o 5ont!s &efore t!e Mala"sia A%ree5ent (as si%ned< Sultan of runei

• deided not to 'oin Mala"sia9- ta8ation of runeis oil re7enue9- T!e ri%!t to a senior $lae a5on% t!e

Mala" Rulers9

• 12..123 = T!e For5ation of ala%sia.


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MS- Lesson 2 - Towards Independent

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