M/s RAGHURAM INFRA PLOT NO.130, SURVEY NOS. 70/P, 71/P & 72/P, MOKILA, SHANKHARPALLY, RANGA REDDY DISTRICT 1. Conceptual Plan 2. EMP Report Residential Villas Construction Project Submitted By M/s Raghuram Infra H.no.220, Road No. 17, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad Mobile: 9246546567 Studies & Documentation by M/s Team Labs and Consultants (An ISO Certified Organization) B-115 -117 & 509, Annapurna Block, Aditya Enclave, Ameerpet, Hyderabad- 500 038 Phone: 91-040-23748555/616 Fax : 91-040-23748666 e-mail: [email protected]SUBMITTED TO STATE LEVEL ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY TELANGANA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Transcript
M/s RAGHURAM INFRAPLOT NO.130, SURVEY NOS. 70/P, 71/P & 72/P,
MOKILA, SHANKHARPALLY,RANGA REDDY DISTRICT
1. Conceptual Plan2. EMP Report
Residential Villas Construction Project
Submitted ByM/s Raghuram InfraH.no.220, Road No. 17,Jubilee Hills, HyderabadMobile: 9246546567
Studies & Documentation byM/s Team Labs and Consultants(An ISO Certified Organization)B-115 -117 & 509, Annapurna Block,Aditya Enclave, Ameerpet,Hyderabad- 500 038Phone: 91-040-23748555/616Fax : 91-040-23748666e-mail: [email protected]
2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION/CONCEPTUAL PLANThis chapter details the need for the project, description of the proposed project andalternatives, and identifies the valued ecosystem components. M/s Raghuram Infraproposes to build 131 Residential Villas units to cater to the needs with all amenities asa gated community.
2.1 THE PROJECT LOCATION:The project will be spread over an area of 5.64 Hectares in Plot no.130, Survey nos.70/P, 71/P & 72/P, Mokila, Shankharpally, Ranga Reddy District. The site is surroundedby open lands in all the directions except in East direction. An existing 12 m wide roadin East direction connecting Shankarpally road. The nearest railway station isNagulapalli railway station located at a distance of 4.5 km.
2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION2.2.1 DESIGN STAGEThe project is envisaged as a gated community of residential villas with variousamenities. The land area available for the project is 5.64 ha and will be allocated forvarious types of apartments and amenities based on the development rules of GHMC.The built up areas and the number of units proposed is presented in table 2.1.
Table 2.1 Built Up Area Statement
Land Use No. of Floor No. of Units Total Site Area(m2)
Total Built uparea (m2)
Villas G + 2 131 22211.0 37153.3Amenities G + 2 433.1 1305.0Green area 5649.1Road area 16281.1Open area 10849.6Utility Area 282.7Net plot Area 55706.5Road widening area 670.5Total Site Area 131 56377.0 38458.3
It is proposed to provide 131 units. The land allocation will be optimized to ensurecompliance with the regulations of GHMC. The water requirement of the project duringoperation will be drawn from HMWSSB. Sewage treatment plant will be provided totreat the sewage. Water conservation measures will be incorporated in the plumbingdesigns. Water recycling/reuse will be adopted by way of using treated sewage forgreen belt development. The rainwater will be let-out into harvesting tank and excessdischarged into storm water drains. The required power will be drawn from theTRANSCO. Solar Energy will be used for fencing, and partially for hot water in theapartments. The designs of the apartments will also incorporate Indian Architectural
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principles of “Vastu” as the market demands the same. Construction material will bedrawn from local sources. The layout of the project site is presented in fig. 2.1 andtypical floor plans are presented in figure 2.2. The parking provision follows theguidelines prescribed by GHMC and Building policy. The number of parking spacesprovided is presented in table 2.2
Circulation Plan: Spinal Road: 12.19 m Sub-Arterial : 9.14 m Connecting Road :12 m ROW Each Villa provided with 2 parking spaces
Modified Los & Performance
RoadExistingvolume,PCU/hr
Existingvolume/Capacity
Additionalvolume
ModifiedVolume
ModifiedVolume/Capacity
ModifiedLos &
performance
Site Road 66 0.037 24 90 0.050 “A”Excellent
ParkingIt is proposed to provide 2 parking spaces each villa for parking. The parking provisionexceeds the guidelines prescribed by FAR and Building policy. Parking floor plans ispresented in fig 2.3. The no. of parking spaces is presented in table 2.2.
Table 2.2 Parking Space Provision of the ProjectLand use No. of car parking spaces
Villa Villa provided with 2 parking spaces each
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Fig 2.1 Layout of the project site
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Fig 2.2 Typical floor plan
R.C.C SLAB
GROUND FLOOR
PROPOSED EXISTING
DISMENTLE SCALE 1: 100 M
PARAPET WALL
SAND FILLING
PLAN SHOWING THE PROPOSED RESIDENCEDUPLEX BUILDING(G+1) IN GATED COMMUNITYIN PLOT NO.01, SY.NO NO : 70/P,71/P & 72/P,SITUATED AT MOKILA(V),SHANKARPALLY(M), R.R DIST,T.S.
BELONGING TO :
M/S.RAGHURAM INFRA
REPRESENTED BY : M KRISHNA REDDY S/O. (LATE)SAIREDDY.
9M WIDE ROAD
AREA DETAILS :
PRO POSED
TER RACE FLOOR
SPECIFICATIONS
FOUNDATION R.C.C FOOTINGSSUPER STRUCTURE B.K. IN CMSLAB, COLUMNS R.C.CDOORS WINDOWS C T WOODPLASTERING C.M. IN 1:6FLOORING MOSAIC
TOTAL PLOT AREA : 212.00 SMT
BUILDING
LEGEND OF OPENINGS
DOORS D1 1.10 X 2.0M D2 0.90 X 2.0M D3 0.75 X 2.0MWINDOWS W1 2.0 X 1.2M W2 1.2 X 1.2M W3 0.9 X 1.2 M
E
BASEMENT
R.C.C SLAB
FIR ST FLOOR
WINDOW
GL
40MM METAL
20MM METAL
SAND
0.23M THK BRK. WALLGRADED C.C.COVER
REFERENCES :
SECTION A-A'
S
P.C.C BED
SITE PLAN(1:200)
W
LOCATION MAPOWNERS SIGNATURE
R.C.C FOOTING
ARCHITECT SIGNATURE
SAND FILLING
PLOT NO.127
3.05
11.5
8
12.1
9M W
IDE
RO
AD
SITE PLAN(1:200)FIRST FLOOR PLAN
11.5
8
9.14
12.19M WIDE ROAD
BUILDINGPROPOSED
1.77
3.05
3.05
16.1
5
13.96
GL
40MM METAL
20MM METAL
SAND
0.23M THK BRK. WALLGRADED C.C.COVER
PARAPET WALL
WINDOW
R.C.C SLAB
R.C.C SLAB
SECTION A-A' P.C.C BED
BASEMENT
S
W
E
N
AREA DETAILS :
TOTAL PLOT AREA : 225.54 SMT
GROUND FLOOR BUILT UP AREA : 105.84 SMT
FIRST FLOOR BUILT UP AREA : 105.84 SMT
TOTAL BUILTUP AREA : 211.68 SMT
OPEN AREA : 119.70 SMT
LEGEND OF OPENINGS
DOORS D1 1.10 X 2.0M D2 0.90 X 2.0M D3 0.75 X 2.0MWINDOWS W1 2.0 X 1.2M W2 1.2 X 1.2M W3 0.9 X 1.2 M
SPECIFICATIONS
FOUNDATION R.C.C FOOTINGSSUPER STRUCTURE B.K. IN CMSLAB, COLUMNS R.C.CDOORS WINDOWS C T WOODPLASTERING C.M. IN 1:6FLOORING MOSAIC
PLAN SHOWING THE PROPOSED RESIDENCEDUPLEX BUILDING(G+1) IN GATED COMMUNITYPLOT NO.127, IN SY.NO NO : 70/P,71/P & 72/P,SITUATED AT MOKILA(V),SHANKARPALLY(M), R.R DIST,T.S.
BELONGING TO :
M/S.RAGHURAM INFRA
REPRESENTED BY : M KRISHNA REDDY S/O. (LATE)SAIREDDY.
PROPOSED EXISTING
DISMENTLE SCALE 1: 100 M
REFERENCES :
ELEVATION
AAAA
REAR OPEN SPACE
FRONT OPEN SPACE
SID
E O
PE
N S
PAC
E
SID
E O
PE
N S
PAC
E
D1
PD
D
FD
D
D1
FD
V
W2
W2 W2
WV
W
W1
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W
V
W
W1
W1
W2
W2
KWFD
D1
D1
DMD
percolation pit
PUJA1.52X1.52m
FAMILY LOUNGE4.83X3.89m
SIT-OUT1.60X3.15m
M.BED ROOM5.11x3.34m
TOILET1.52X3.35m
BED ROOM3.66X3.35m
LIVING4.80X3.89m
DINING3.66X3.35m
1.52
m W
IDE
UT
ILITY
KITCHEN3.28x3.35m
Gate
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
9M WIDE ROAD
LOCATION MAP
OWNERS SIGNATURE ARCHITECT SIGNATURE
N
OPEN AREA : 106.03 Smt
TOTAL BUILTUP AREA : 211.94 SMT
FIRST FLOOR BUILT UP AREA : 105.97 SMT
GROUND FLOOR BUILT UP AREA : 105.97 SMT
R.C.C FOOTINGELEVATION
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2.2.1.1 Storm water drains:Conservation of water resource is most important aspect of the project duringconstruction and occupation phases. Storm water drainage planning, domestic waterplanning and sewerage transfer and sewage treatment planning are most essential.
Calculation for Storm Water DrainQuantity of storm water(a) Without projectArea of Catchment, ‘A’ : 5.6377 HaRun off Coefficient, ‘C’ : 0.6Maximum intensity of rainfall, ‘I’ : 40 mm/hrTherefore Q : 0.376 m3/sec(b) With project :Area for catchment for roof and road : 3.960 HaArea of Catchment, ‘A’ : 3.960 HaRun off Coefficient, ‘C’ : 0.9Maximum intensity of rainfall, ‘I’ : 40 mm/hrTherefore Q = : 0.396 m3/sec
Area for catchment for open areas : 1.678 HaRun off Coefficient, ‘C’ : 0.6Maximum intensity of rainfall, ‘I’ : 40 mm/hrTherefore Q = : 0.112 m3/secTotal Discharge : 0.508 m3/secBut, Discharge, Q = A/V
Where,A= Area of the Drain,V= Max. Permissible Velocity : 6 m/sec for concrete drain
Area of drain, ‘A’ = Q/V : 0.085 m2
Taking depth of drain as 0.6 m atthe starting point : 0.6Width of drain = Area/depth = : 0.141 m 141 mm
Width of the drain is to taken 141 mm and depth varies according to the slope ofground.
Rainwater Harvesting StructuresStorm water drains are provided with recharge pits which will act as flow dissipatersand also as infiltration trenches to ensure percolation of water and enhance the groundwater table. The roof waters are channeled through storm water drains, which areconnected with water harvesting pits. Rain Water Harvesting Pit shown in fig 2.3
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Fig2.3 Rain Water Harvesting Pit
Table 2.3 Strom Water Runoff
Land UseArea inHectar
es
Vol./hrafter
development C=0.8
Vol./hrbefore
Development C=0.6
Difference inDischarges Remarks
Roof Area 2.26 724.61 543.46 181.15 131 nos. of RWH pitsare provided of size1.5m X 1.5m X 2.0 m
Road Area 1.70 542.45 406.84 135.61
Open Area 1.68 201.38* 402.75 -201.38TOTAL 5.64 115.39
*C=0.3 after development
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2.2.1.2 Water Availability:Water is required for the construction as well as during occupation stage as the same isan important resource. The water requirement during construction is in the order of40 cum/day with a peak demand of 80 cum/day, and during occupation stage in theorder of 99.8 KLD. The water resource available with the Municipal authorities wasstudied to identify the source and feasibility. The water resource both domestic waterand sewage is dealt by the Hyderabad Metropolitan water supply and Sewerage Boardresources for Hyderabad along with the treatment of wastewater. The resources(HMWSSB) in the GHMC area. The HMWSSB has been maintaining the water supplyavailable with the HMWSSB are presented in table 2.4.
Table 2.4 Details of present sources of water supply to Hyderabad
Source Name River Year ImpoundmentName
Distance fromcity km
InstalledCapacity MGD
Osmansagar Musi 1920 Osmansagar 15 27Himayatsagar ESI 1927 Himayatsagar 9.6 18Manjira Phase I Manjira 1965 Manjira barrage 58 15Manjira Phase II Manjira 1981 Manjira barrage 59 30Manjira Phase III Manjira 1991 Singur Dam 80 37Manjira Phase IV Manjira 1993 Singur Dam 80 38Krishna Phase I Krishna 2005 NagarjunaSagar 116 90Krishna Phase II Krishna 2008 NagarjunaSagar 116 90Krishna Phase III Krishna 2015 NagarjunaSagar 116 90Godavari Phase I Godavari 2016 Yellampally 186 172
Source: Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewerage Board, www.hyderabadwater.gov.in
It may be noted that the following water supply projectsi.e., Krishna Phase III (Part II)with 45 MGD capacity and Godavari phase – I with 172 MGD capacity is anticipated tobe operational during 2015 and 2016 respectively. It may also be noted that thedependability of Osman sagar and Himiyathsagar is reduced to approximately 60%. 45MGD supply is available.
Domestic Water: It is proposed to draw domestic water from the HyderabadMetropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB), which have beenencouraging the bulk consumers. The water shortage if any during summer season willbe drawn from ground water sources /bulk suppliers/municipal tankers. The waterrequirement of the project during occupation stage is in the order of 99.8 KLD. Thewater requirement during construction will be from ground water sources and therequirement is in the order of 30 m3/day. The water requirement for the project duringthe occupation stage is presented in table 2.5. The water saving is presented in table2.6.
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Table 2.5 Water Requirement of the Project
Land Use No. ofUnits
No. ofPersons/
unit
Waterrequirement per
person in l *
Total WaterRequirement in
KLDVillas 131 5 135 88.4Visitors 2 15 3.9Amenities 1 55 45 2.5Swimming pool 5.0TOTAL 99.8*Water requirement as per NBC
The effective water consumption is reduced by 29.3 KLD and the requirement will be inthe order of 70.6 KLD. The water balance of the project during occupation stage istabulated in table 2.7
Table 2.7 Water BalanceInput KLD Output KLDDomestic water fromHMWSSB 70.6 Excess treated water will be sent to
sewer lines 38.3
Recycled water 29.3 Recycled water 29.3Water requirement for green beltduring non monsoon 12.3
Losses approx 20% 20.0Total 99.8 Total 99.8
The water used in the order of 99.8 KLD would generate 79.86 KLD of wastewater,which has to be treated for reuse and excess will be let in to municipal sewer lines. Theeffluent characteristics of wastewater are presented in table 2.8.
Sewage treatment plant based on Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB) technologyPROCESS DESCRIPTION:The raw sewage will be collected in a collection sump and pumped to mechanical barscreen chamber for removal of large floating matter followed by grit removal in GritChamber. The raw sewage will then be collected in an equalization tank forhomogenization of hydraulic load. The tank contents will be kept in suspension by
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means of course bubble serration through pipe grid. The equalization tank, with airflow indicator for continuous monitoring of air supply to the tank in order to avoidseptic conditions, will be covered from top (RCC or FRP) to avoid nuisance. Theequalized effluent will then be pumped to two Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactors (FAB) inseries where BOD/COD reduction can be achieved by virtue of aerobic microbialactivities. The oxygen required will be supplied through coarse air bubble diffusers.The bio-solids formed in the biological process will be separated in the down streamTube Settler. The clear supernatant will gravitate to the chlorine contact tank wheresodium hypochlorite will be dosed for disinfection of treated water prior to disposal.
The biological sludge generated in the FAB and settled in the tube settlers will becollected in a sludge sump and then pumped to sludge drying bed for de watering. Thedried sludge will then be disposed off suitably as manure. The schematics of theprocess are shown. The two main components of the treatment system viz. The FABreactor and tube settler are described in the following sections.
Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB)Conventional effluent treatment plants are large sized, power intensive and require alot of monitoring. Scarcity of open space and rising land a power costs have forced theindustries to look our for space saving, compact and efficient treatment options. Thishas led to the development attached growth processes where the bio mass is retainedwithin the aeration tank obviating the need for recycle. These plants are not onlycompact but also user friendly. The endeavor to have a continuously operating, no-clogging biofilm reactor with no need for back washing, low head-loss and high specificbiofilm surface area culminated in the most advanced technology of aerobic biologicalfluidized bed treatment where the biofilm (biomass) grows on small carrier elementsthat move along with the water in the reactor. The movement is normally caused byaeration in the aerobic version of the reactor.
The reactor combines all the advantages and best features of Trickling filters, Rotatingbiological contractors, activated sludge process and submerged fixed film reactors whileeliminating the drawbacks of these systems. The plants are more compact and moreenergy efficient.
The Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB) consists of a tank in any shape filled up withsmall carrier elements. The elements are made up of special grade PVC orpolypropylene of controlled density (shown in plate). For media of specific gravity 0.92-0.96 the overall density could be expected to increase up to 9.5% when full of biomasssuch that they can fluidize using an aeration device. A biofilm develops on theelements, which move along the effluent in the reactor. The movement within thereactor is generated by providing aeration with the help of diffusers placed at thebottom of the reactor. Then thin biofilm on the elements enables the bacteria to actupon the biodegradable matter in the effluent and reduce the BOD/COD content in thepresence of oxygen available from the air that is used for fluidization.
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Table 2.8 Characteristics of Waste waterParameter Quantity in mg/l
1. Bar Screen ChamberAverage flow : 0.0011 m3/secPeak factor : 3.5Peak flow : 0.004 m3/secVelocity at peak flow : 0.75 m/SecEffective area of screen RequiredAt average flow : 0.005 m2
At Peak flow : 0.0065 m2
Provide Effective area of screen : 0.0065 m2
Considering the bar of dia. 10 mm(w) and clear spacing of 20 mm (b)Overall area required : 0.011 m2
Considering screen depth as : 0.021 m Consider 0.5 mNumber of clear spacing : 0.3Number of bars : 1 Consider 3 Nos.Hence Provide 5 barsProvide a screen of 0.5 m X 0.5 m at an inclination of sin 600. In a screen channel of onemeter (1 m) length.
2. Grit Chamber :The flow from the bar screen chamber is let into the Grit Chamber of minimum 2 hourscapacity. This tank is provided to even out the flow variation, and to provide a continuousfeed into the secondary biological treatment units.Peak flow Q : 0.004 m3/secProviding a flow through velocity of 0.30 m/secCross sectional area of Channel (0.004/0.3) : 0.013 m2
Surface area of channel (0.004/0.03) : 0.3 m2
Assuming depth d : 0.2 m
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Width of channel (0.013/0.2) : 0.06 m (say 0.2m)Length of channel (0.30/0.06) : 4. 5 m (say 4.5 m)Provide two channels each of 0.2 m wide and 4.5 m long with depth of waste water 0.2 m.
3. Equalization tank:The flow from the bar screen chamber is let into the equalization tank of minimum 2hourscapacity. This tank is provided to even out the flow variation, and to provide a continuousfeed into the secondary biological treatment units.Average flow : 4.16 m3/hrPeak factor : 3.5Peak flow : 14.58 m3/hrHydraulic retention tank = 2 hrs at Peak flowHence required volume of the tank : 29.16 m3
Provide tank of : 29.16 m3 CapacityAssuming depth : 3 mArea : 9.72 m2
Assuming length to width ratio (1:1) ; l=blength of the tank : 3.1 mwidth of the tank : 3.1 mAir required for agitation : 0.01 m3/ m2 minTotal air required : 21.75 m3/hrAir blower required : 40 m3/hr @ 3.8 mwcEffluent transfer pump : 4.16 m3/hr @ 8 mwc
4. Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB):The polypropylene media have been provided with a specific surface area of 350 – 520 m2
/m3. This allows micro-organisms to get attached and biomass concentration can beincreased to four folds as compared to Activated Sludge Process. This enables to considerhigher Organic loading rates.
The micro-organisms attached to media are kept in a fluid state thereby maintaining theCSTR (continuous Stirrer tank reactor) regime as well as two tanks are provided in seriesmaking the plug – flow system. This will enhance the efficiencies and have the merits ofboth CSTR and plug-flow regimes.Organic loading rate : 3.2 kg BOD/ m3 dOrganic load : 20 kg/dayVolume of the tank : 6.2 m3
Assume the depth : 3 mNo. of tanks in series : 1Size of the tank : 1.6 m dia. x 3.0 SWDSpecific gravity of media : 0.92 to 0.96Specific surface area of media : 350 – 520 m2 /m3
Media filling : 30 – 50 % of tank volumeOxygen required : 2 kg / kg BODOxygen in air : 23%Specific gravity of air @ 30 deg. : 1.65Aeration : Coarse bubble
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Oxygen transfer efficiency : 12%Air required : 51.82 m3/hrAir blower required : 70 m3/hr @ 6.5 m wc
Tank size : 3.0 m x 6.0 m x 2.7 m SWD With 55deg. hopper bottom
Tube Modules : 3.0m x 6.0 m x 0.6 m ht.Tube inclination : 60 deg.Settling area for 60 deg slope : 11 m2 /m3
Cross sectional area of tubes : 120 mm x 44 mm HexagonalHydraulic radius : 1/61 cm (1.5 cm)Shape factor : 0.6 – 0.7 for media settleable solids
6. Pre Filtration tankThe flow from the each individual settling tank i.e., the supernatant liquid is let into therespective Pre-Filtration Tank, which has a minimum 1.5 hours holding capacity. This tankis provided to hold the treated effluent and give an even flow to the pressure sand filter.Average flow : 4.16 m3/hrPeak factor : 2 m3/hrPeak flow : 8.3 m3/hrProvide min 1.5 hours holding capacity.Hence required volume of the tank : 12.5 m3
7. Pressure Sand Filter:Vertical down flow type with graded/sand bed under drain plate with polysterene strains.Flow : 100 m3/dayRate of filtration assumed as : 10 m3/m2/hrRequirement of treated water for usage in 20 hrs : 5 m3/hrDia. of filter of 1 nos. : 797 mmProvide pressure sand filter of 820 mm dia. and 1000 mm HOS with sand as media layer,under drain pipe, laterals face piping etc for each stream.
8. Activated Carbon Filter:Vertical down flow type with graded/sand bed under drain plate with polysterene strains.Flow : 100 m3/dayRate of filtration assumed as : 10 m3/m2/hrRequirement of treated water for usage in 20 hrs : 5 m3/hrDia of filter of 1 nos. : 797 mmProvide pressure sand filter of 820 mm dia. and 1000 mm HOS with sand as media layer,under drain pipe, laterals face piping etc for each stream.
9.Final Treated Water Holding TankIt is always preferred to provide one final holding tank of minimum one day holdingcapacity, so that the treated effluents can be stored and used back for gardening or other
Raghuram Infra Environmental Impact Statement
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tertiary purposes.Capacity: 100 m3
10. Sludge Filter Press:The biomass in the aeration tank stabilizes BOD in wastewater by consuming the organicmatter in the wastewater. The metabolic activity results in growth of the biomasspopulation in the Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB). Sludge holding tank has beenprovided with filter press for dewatering sludge. The filtrate drains off through the media,which is again let into equalization tank.The dewatered sludge is collected in trays, which can be used as manure in the garden.No. of plates : 24Size of plates : 600 mm X 600 mmPlate moc (material of construction) : PP (poly propline)Type of operation : HydraulicPower pack capacity : 2 HPThe biomass in the aeration tank stabilizes BOD in wastewater by consuming the organicmatter in the wastewater. The metabolic activity results in growth of the biomasspopulation in the Fluidized Aerobic Bio Reactor (FAB).
Sludge holding tank has been provided with filter press for dewatering sludge. The filtratedrains off through the media, which is again let into equalization tank. The dewateredsludge is collected in trays, which can be used as manure in the garden.
Characteristics of Treated Waste waterParameter Quantity in mg/l
pH 7.3Total Suspended Solids <50BOD 20COD 50
Disposal of Treated Waste Water: It is proposed to reuse the treated wastewater forgreen belt development and for toilet flushing. Excess treated water May also be usedby villa owners for onland irrigation / Excess treated water shall be let out into themunicipal sewer line.
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Fig2.4 Sewage Treatment Plant
SEW
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18
UV
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2.2.1.3 Solid WasteMunicipal Solid Waste CompositionIn India the biodegradable portion dominates the bulk of Municipal Solid Waste.Generally the biodegradable portion is mainly due to food and yard waste.
Table 2.9 Composition of Municipal Solid WasteType Composition (%) Solid waste in kg
(Source: NSWAI- National Solid Waste Association of India estimate)
Design StageThe total number of people anticipated to stay in the housing project is in the range of900-1000. The anticipated solid waste/garbage is in the range of 500 g/head, and thetotal garbage will be in the order of 422.6 kg/day. The present practice is to collect thegarbage from each flat using the services of NGO’s and send it to the segregation pointby cycle-rickshaws. The area of Shankharpally has no solid waste disposal plan, howeverresidents of the surrounding layouts are sending their solid waste through the GHMCappointed NGO for collection. Table 2.10 presents the anticipated garbage quantityafter occupation. The responsibility of garbage collection and disposal lies withmunicipality, however the project authorities propose to educate the residents tosegregate the waste at source before disposal.
2.2.2 CONSTRUCTION STAGEThe sequence of construction operations and the approximate time requirement ispresented in the following table 2.11. The construction sequence is for more number offloors and standard housing flats. The time schedule of the entire project isapproximately 36 months.
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Table: 2.11 Construction SequenceS.No. Description of work
1 Clearing and Grubbing2 Leveling by way of cut and fill3 Foundation Excavation.4 Foundation PCC & Concrete & Plinth Beam.5 Column lifting up to GF Roof.6 1st floor slab reinforcement & shuttering & Concreting.7 Stair case slab8 1st floor column lifting up to 1st floor roof.9 1st floor roof shuttering, reinforcement & concreting.
10 Deshuttering of GF Roof & cleaning.11 Deshuttering of 1st Roof & cleaning.12 Brick work in GF floor.13 Brick work in 1st floor.14 Staircase up to terrace.15 Staircase headroom slab.16 Plumbing works (concealed works).
17 Fixing of door & window frames.18 Plinth filling & floor PCC.19 Floor Tiling Works, Bath Room, kitchen & platform works.20 Staircase stone works.21 Terrace waterproofing works.22 Parapet wall in terrace & miscellaneous works.23 Fixing of door & window shutters.24 Fixing of sanitary fittings.25 Electrical wiring & fixtures.26 Painting works.27 External development & compound wall.
The clearing and grubbing activity involves clearing of shrubs mainly as the land area isdevoid of any trees due to biogenic pressures. The cut and fill operation for the entirearea is presented in table 2.12.
Table 2.12 Earth Work Quantities
S.No. Area Qty. of fill (m3) Qty. of cut (m3) Surplus fill(m3) Surplus cut (m3)
1 Site area 11275 11275 ---- ----
The construction of this magnitude would require huge quantities of constructionmaterials. The material requirement for the project is presented in table 2.13.Thusaggregate requirement will be met from within the plant site. The lead distance forvarious construction materials is presented in table 2.14.
Table: 2.14 Lead Distance for Construction Materials
S.No Material Source Lead Distance(Km)
1 Sand ROBOSAND and or Krishna orGodavari river bed areaspermitted by Govt.
100-150
2 Aggregate Crushers near to the site 10-303 Cement Company Dealers 100-1504 Reinforcement Steel TATA / SAIL godowns 10-505 Bricks Local brick kiln 10-306 Plumbing Material Local Suppliers 2-77 Electrical Material Local Suppliers 2-78 Sanitary Material Local suppliers 2-78 Paints Local Suppliers 10-259 Ready Mix Concrete Local Batching Plants 10-50
2.2.2.1 Water RequirementThe water required for this project is in the order of 9400 m3 for the entire projectimplementation period. The peak demand for water may be 60 m3/day, however typicaldaily consumption will be in the order of 30 m3/day. The required water will be drawnfrom ground water sources/bulk suppliers/municipal tankers. The water supply andplumbing will be optimized and low water consuming faucets and flush tanks will beused to conserve water.
2.2.2.2 Construction DebrisThe construction debris consists of various types of materials. The construction debriswill be in both hazardous and non-hazardous categories. The hazardous debris consistsempty containers of adhesives, thinners, paints, and petroleum products. These emptycontainers will be sold to authorize recycling agencies. The non hazardous wastescontain recyclable debris like iron and other metal, glass, plastics, cartons of paper,wood etc. These wastes will be sent for reuse/recycle. The waste percentage will be inthe order of 2%. Construction debris containing bricks, demolished RCC will be used forland filling in the place of sub grade.
2.2.2.3 PaintsAll the paints used in the premises will be ensured to have an albedo of at least 0.4 toincrease the reflectivity and reduce the heat dissipation and heat island effects.
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2.2.2.4 Work Force:The labor/work force requirement is approximately 10,000 man days of various skilledand unskilled employees. Sufficient labor force and skilled employees are available asHyderabad is a favorite destination of skilled employees and migrating people from therural areas. The peak labor force requirement will be in the order of 200 people andsome of the labor force will be provided with temporary accommodation within thesite. The labor force will be provided with a temporary toilet facilities connected to aseptic tank followed by soak pit. The labor accommodation will provide accommodationto about 20families. The water requirement for the labor force will be approximately2,000 lt/day.
2.2.2.5 Material preparation and transportMost of the construction material including aggregate will be drawn from outside. Thematerial will be transported by trucks and the approximate number of truck tripsare1000. The material transport within the site will be facilitated by required numberof tippers. All grades of concrete will be procured from RMC suppliers. No stone crushershall be installed at site. Aggregate for Road, pavements and floorings shall be procuredthrough the metal suppliers in the required quantities.
2.2.3 OCCUPATION PHASEA number of facilities will be provided by project authorities for the occupants and thefacilities are shown in table 2.15.
Table 2.15 Amenities ProposedAmenity Nos. or description
Garbage segregation point 1STP 1Green Area 5649.1 m2
DG Sets 2 Nos. X 250 KVA
The owners/purchasers will form cooperative to run the amenities like sewagetreatment plant, DG sets. The major requirement of resource is for electricity andwater. The electricity will be drawn from TRANSCO. The power requirement duringoperation phase is presented in table 2.16and energy savings is presented in table 2.17.
TOTAL 1233 1541 1502Maximum demand in kw at 0.6 diversity factor 740Consumption of power for 8 hours per day 5917Maximum demand in kw at 0.2 diversity factor 247Consumption of power for 16 hours per day 3945Total consumption of power per day 9862 KWTotal consumption of power per year 36.0 Lakh Units
Table 2.17 Energy Saving by using Solar Water Heater
S.No Description No. ofUnits
Powerallocated inwatts / unit
Total powerrequired in
(KW)1 Villas 131 3000 393
TOTAL 393Maximum demand in kw at 1 diversity factor 393Consumption of power for 2 hours per day 786Maximum demand in kw at 0.4 diversity factor 157Consumption of power for 2 hours per day 314Total consumption of power per day 1100.4 KWTotal consumption of power per year 4.02 Lakh Units
Table 2.18 Energy Saving by using Solar Street Lights
S.No Description No. ofUnits
Powerallocated inwatts / unit
Total powerrequired in
(KW)1 Street lights 25 40 1
TOTAL 1Maximum demand in kw at 0.6 diversity factor 0.6Consumption of power for 8 hours per day 5Maximum demand in kw at full load 1Consumption of power for 4 hours per day 4Total consumption of power per day 8.8 KWTotal consumption of power per year 0.03 Lakh Unitssaving with Solar Heater and Street Lighting 4.05 Lakh Units
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Table 2.19 Electrical Power savings using CFL for lighting
TOTAL 225Maximum demand in kw at 0.9 diversity factor 202Consumption of power for 12 hours per day 2429Total consumption of power per day 2428.7 KWTotal consumption of power per year 8.86 Lakh UnitsSavings in power using CFL 2.66 Lakh Units
Table 2.20 Savings in Electrical Power Consumption – SUMMARY
S.No Description WithCFL/LED
With SolarHeater and
StreetLighting
TotalConsumption
lakh unitsTotal Saving
1 Savings in lakhkwh units 2.66 4.05
36.06.71
2 Savings inpercentage (%) 7.39 11.25 18.6
2.2.3.1 Domestic WaterThe domestic water will be drawn from HMWSSB to augment the supplies. Thewastewater will be treated and reused for gardening. The line providing grey water willbe colored blue and ensured that the tank is at least 1 foot below the level of othertanks and a distance of minimum 2 feet from the other water pipelines.
2.2.3.2 Solid WasteThe solid wastes anticipated during occupation stage include garbage, sludge from STP,hazardous waste of used oils, and batteries from generators. The quantity of wastes ispresented in table 2.21.
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Table: 2.21 Solid Waste Generated during Occupation PhaseS. No. Type of Waste Quantity Collection/storage Disposal
1 Garbage 422.6kg/day
Segregation at source intobio-degradable, non bio-degradable and DomesticHazardous wastes. Disposalof recyclable waste toAuthorized Waste Pickers /Authorized Recyclers.Balance segregated wastegiven to Authorized Agencyof Local Body.
Municipalsolid wastedisposal
2SewageTreatmentPlant Sludge
5.0 kg/day
Stored in HDPE bags. Used asmanure andor given tofarmers
3 Used Batteries 8 nos./year
Sent toAuthorizedrecyclers orreturned toseller
4 Used Lubricant 100 l/yearStored in HDPE Carbouy Sold to
authorizedrecyclers
5 TransformerOil 120 l/year
Stored in HDPE Drum Sold toTRANSCOauthorizedcontractors
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5.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
The project is envisaged to provide high-density housing to meet the growing demandsfor housing in the growing urban area of Hyderabad falling under, ShankharpallyMandal in Mokila. The area around the village has a number of educational institutionsand residential development. The village is connected to Commercial IT parks of Hi-Techcity, IT-knowledge parks, Central University of Hyderabad. The demand for qualityhousing from this area will be partially met from this project, apart from the demanddue to industrial nature of the surrounding areas. The village has a number of layoutsand rapidly turning into a residential zone for various types of socio economic sectors.
5.1 PROJECT DETAILS
The project will be spread over an area of 5.64 Hectares in Plot no.130, Survey nos.70/P, 71/P & 72/P, Mokila, Shankharpally, Ranga Reddy District. The site is surroundedby open lands in all the directions except in East direction. An existing 12 m wide roadin East direction connecting Shankarpally road. The nearest railway station isNagulapalli railway station located at a distance of 4.5 km.
It is proposed to provide 131 units. The land allocation will be optimized to ensurecompliance with the regulations of GHMC. The water requirement of the project duringoperation will be drawn from HMWSSB. Sewage treatment plant will be provided totreat the sewage. Water conservation measures will be incorporated in the plumbingdesigns. Water recycling/reuse will be adopted by way of using treated sewage forgreen belt development. The rainwater will be let-out into harvesting tank and excessdischarged into storm water drains. The required power will be drawn from theTRANSCO. Solar Energy will be used for fencing, and partially for hot water in theapartments. The designs of the apartments will also incorporate Indian Architecturalprinciples of “Vastu” as the market demands the same. Construction material will bedrawn from local sources.
5.2 MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE EISAn EIS/EMP was conducted and the major findings of the EIS study are presentedbelow;
5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Impact on Physical ResourcesConstruction of proposed project requires huge quantities of natural resources likesand, sub grade and aggregate, and materials produced from natural resources likebricks, cement and steel. The material shall be drawn from local sources, and the leaddistances range from 2 – 200 km. The impacts on physical resources of sand will beirreversible. While bricks will be brought from kilns which use Coal ash. The materialrequirement of steel, cement etc. will be purchased from manufacturers with in state.Hence, no major impacts on physical resources as regards the availability andprocurement of construction material are anticipated due to the project.
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Impacts on Air QualityImpacts on air quality during construction stage are likely to be due to operation ofconstruction yards, material transport on trucks and fugitive emissions from theconstruction sites. The model results for occupation stage show slight increase in the airquality and in worst concentrations are falling within the site, and the results are with inthe prescribed limits.
Impacts on Noise QualityImpacts on noise quality during construction stage will be significant. Hence theconstruction near the habitation is proposed only during daytime. The impacts duringoccupation stage will be on the plots adjacent to the road. Construction workers will beprovided with protection equipment to guard against the noise impacts. Noisemitigating measures will be suggested for construction equipment and DG sets.
Impact on FloraThe project site and its surroundings do not form a habitat to any endangered flora.There are very few trees within the project site due to anthropogenic pressures. Theproject will enhance the aesthetics of the site due to the provision of avenue plantationand central greening. This would ensure minimum impact on flora.
Impact on FaunaAs there are no endangered species of wild life in and around the project site, it is likelyto have minimal impact. The avifauna will find abode on the trees proposed to beplanted. This would enhance the aesthetics of the area. Pet animal faeces may leadto pollution of water shed if allowed to join storm water drains.
Impact on Land useThere is no land acquisition for this project. The land use of the site fallow land andclassified as residential by GHMC. However the topography of the land being rockyplains involves cut and fill operations where there is an excess of cut . Erosion andsedimentation are impacts anticipated during construction. Mitigation measures shallbe adopted to avoid the same. The area development would increase the housingactivity in the surroundings, which is a positive impact, as barren lands will be used forproductive usage, and the negative impacts will be pressure on the infrastructurefacilities.
Impact on Surface Water ResourcesThe degradation of water quality can occur during construction phase from increasedsediment load into watercourses near the construction site. Suitable mitigationmeasures proposed, as part of the EMP will ensure that the residual impacts areminimal. Storm water runoff would increase due to the increase in impervious surface,and rainwater-harvesting structures will be provided as mitigation measure. The designof the storm water drain will consider the additional runoff. The urban storm waterjoining the storm water drain may carry pollutants from imperious surface.
Impact on Ground Water ResourcesGround water shall be drawn during construction, and will be used to augment themunicipal supply during non-monsoon season if necessary. Exploitation of groundwater will have an impact and the same shall be restricted to ensure resource
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conservation. This impact will be marginal, as the ground water will not be drawncontinuously.
Impact on Human Use ValuesThe dominant land use in the area is residential, and expected commercial space willincrease the pressure on the residential localities. There is no additional requirementand or acquisition of land. The project authorities will provide road safety measures toreduce risk of accidents in the internal roads. The impact on Human use values ismarginal.
5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES PROPOSEDA description of the various management measures during the various stages of theproject is provided in the following sections.
5.4.1 Pre-construction stageDuring the design and preconstruction stage the management proposes to comply withthe regulations of town planning, explore the availability of sufficient resources, provideplantation and sink bore wells after obtaining the necessary permissions, obtain allnecessary permissions from various statutory authorities after obtaining the relevantpermissions.
5.4.2 Construction stageThis will be the most crucial and active stage for the Environmental Management Plan.In addition to the monitoring of the construction activity itself to the pollution levelswithin permissible limits, mitigation and enhancement measures for water resourceswill go on simultaneously as the construction progresses. To facilitate implementationof the enhancement and mitigation measures suggested, working drawings of the samewould be prepared after completion of detailed project report. In addition, the needfor a balanced evaluation and planning for risks associated with construction activitiesrelated to housing project will be part of the supervising Contractors responsibility.
The resource conservation by way of identification of materials and construction debrisrecycle/disposal will be formulated by the supervising consultants. The responsibility ofenvironment management plan lies with the project authorities who would implementthe plan in consultation with other consultants, by including appropriate provisions inthe contract/sub contract documents and providing the necessary facilities.
5.4.3 Operation stageThe environment management plan will be implemented by ownersassociations/societies, where project authorities are co-opted as members, and whilethe management plan related to the utilities like roads, street lighting and commonopen spaces lies with the Municipality. The management in operation stage willessentially entail maintenance of sewage treatment plant, maintenance of utilities, andmonitoring activity in the project site. Monitoring for pollutants specified in theMonitoring Plan will serve the two purposes. In addition to checking the efficiency ofthe protection/mitigation/enhancement measures implemented, this will help verify or
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refute the predictions made as a part of the impact assessment. Thus, it will complete avery important feedback loop for the housing project.
The measures adopted and/or to be adopted during different stages of the project havebeen detailed in table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Environmental Management Plan and Action PlanEnvironmentalIssues/Impacts
Enhancement/Mitigation Measures Management Action
PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASEThe layout design shallbe on the basis of townplanning rules of GHMC.
Following the FSIprescribed and orreducing the FSI.
Provision of additionalparking
Enhancement of openspace area into a park.
Provision of avenueplantation.
Provision of stormwater drains, forinfiltration, filtration,flow dissipation andsediment control.
Provision for disposal ofstorm water and treatedwastewater.
Consultants for various activities areidentified and mandate given toidentify environmentally soundpractices and resource conservationmeasures.
CONSTRUCTION PHASEDust generation due toconstruction activities.
Roads in theconstruction area willbe sprinkled with waterto reduce the raising ofdust.
Plantation taken up atinitial stage.
Plantation to be ensured Horticulturists to identify the species.Supervising consultants/contractor toensure the water sprinkling
Aggregate to be madefrom the excessmaterials of cutoperations.
Identify and userecycled steel whereverpossible.
Proper availability ofdrinking water andsanitation facilities.
The design team in consultation withproject authorities and supervisionconsultants must identify thesuppliers.
Damage to servicesrunning parallel oracross the site duringconstruction leading tointerruption in supply
Relocation of any po-tentially affected ser-vices prior to com-mencement of anyconstruction works
Contractors to be re-sponsible for identifyingand safeguardingservices adjacent toworks and for com-pensating statutoryundertakers for anyaccidental damage tosuch services.
Potentially affected servicesidentified in design stage.
Service undertakers to be notified forrelocation and necessaryprogramming to avoid constructiondelays (incl. payments).
Relocation works to be completed bystatutory undertakers beforeconstruction works proceed inaccordance with an agreedprogramme.
Inclusion of appropriate clauses inconstruction contracts; monitoring ofcompliance during construction andproper administration of contracts.
Fire Prevention Adopt safe work prac-tice and have adequatefire fighting facilities.
Noise causing activitiesnear residential areas tobe conducted duringdaytime.
Maintenance ofequipment and vehiclesto mitigate noisegeneration.
Inclusion of appropriate clauses inconstruction contracts; monitoring ofcompliance during construction andproper administration of contracts.
Pressures on Identification of Transporting the materials during
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EnvironmentalIssues/Impacts
Enhancement/Mitigation Measures Management Action
Infrastructure alternative routes fortransport of materialsfrom outside the sitepreferably using innerring road.
Transport of materialsduring non-peak hours.
Installing ElectricalTransformer ifnecessary based onTRANSCO advise toavoid powerfluctuations in the siteand also theneighbouring residentialareas.
nighttime.Consultation with TRANSCO byproject authorities.
Construction debris Construction debris tobe used for aggregateand or sub gradepurpose in the case ofRCC.
Recyclable metals to becollected and sold torecyclers.
Avoidance of excessinventory of materials.
Packing materials to besent for reuse/recycling.
Hazardous wastecontainers to bereturned toseller/authorisedrecyclers.
Provision of waste disposal site forwaste from construction and storageyard.
Supervision consultant in consultationwith the sub contractors.
Inclusion of appropriate clauses inconstruction contracts; monitoring ofcompliance during construction andproper administration of contracts.
Plantation andEnvironmentalgreening.
Soil reclamationUse of top soilInitiation of plantation
Horticulture consultant shall preparethe plan for soil reclamation and useof topsoils in consultation witharchitects and supervisionconsultants.
Social Impacts Additional employmentto locals.
Qualified locals to be chosen foremployment.
Occupational Safety andHealth
Construction workersare provided with per-sonal protectiveequipment (PPE) such as
Ensure adequacy and availability ofPersonal protective equipments.
Project authorities to ensurecompliance with statutory
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EnvironmentalIssues/Impacts
Enhancement/Mitigation Measures Management Action
earplugs, helmets,safety shoes, gloves,etc.
Follow the relevantstatutory guidelines
Comply with Buildingconstruction acts.
The premises shall befenced and notrespassing be allowed.
requirements.Project authorities to fence theboundaries to avoid unauthorisedtrespassing.
OCCUPATION STAGEUrban Heat Island Effect Cool roof
Green roof Vegetation Cool Pavements
Cool roof with light shades having lowalbedo values to be provided.
Vegetation to be provided byhorticulturist for the avenues, andcentral green
Pavements will be made imperviousfor footpaths and jogging paths byprovision of pavers.
Pervious roads using pavers oncompacted soils.
Dust Generation fromtraffic.
Avenue plantation. Maintenance of roadsby way of sweeping.
Horticulturist should ensure avenueplantation
The managing committees shouldensure maintenance of avenueplantation.
Local Panchayath authorities shouldensure the road maintenance.
Generation of Exhaustgases from transportand utilities.
Avenue plantation. Rule to allow onlyvehicles with PUC.
Proper maintenance ofvehicles.
Stack heights of the DGsets must be providedas per CPCB guidelinesand the emission levelsshould meet the CPCBstandards.
To be maintained by the cooperativesociety
To be implemented by thecooperative society.
To be maintained by individualowners.
Project authorities must ensure thatthe DG sets are provided withacoustic enclosures and proper stackheights.
Sewage Management All Sewage will becollected by undergrounddrainage system.
The sewage will be
A Cooperative society (society) of ownerswill maintain the STP, and sewerage.
Local body authorities will be appraisedduring rainy season when excess
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EnvironmentalIssues/Impacts
Enhancement/Mitigation Measures Management Action
treated in sewagetreatment plant
The treated sewage isreused for on landirrigation for thedevelopment of greenbelt.
Treated water line will beprovided in apartmentsfor reuse for flushing.
Excess sewage will be letout into drains
quantities are released into the drain.Treated water lines will be colored blueand a distance of 2 feet will bemaintained from the other lines by theproject authorities.
Records of influent and treated effluentquality and quantity should bemaintained by the society, and thetreatment must be ensured to meet thestandards prescribed by GSR 422 E.
Storm waterManagement
Storm water will bedisposed into stormwater drain provided bylocal authorities.
Storm water drains willbe maintainedperiodically beforemonsoon.
Accidental dischargesspillages will not beallowed to join stormwater drains.
Rainwater harvestingstructures will beconnected to allresidential areas andmaintained periodicallyto remove sediment.
Washings of the frontportions and porticosshould be avoided as itmay join the drain andsweeping should bepreferred.
Storm water drain system anddisposal point to be provided by theproject authorities.
Rain water-harvesting structures tobe provided by project authorities.
Maintenance of storm water drainsby Local body authorities and thesociety of residents shall oversee thesame.
Sweeping by municipal authorities tobe supervised by the society.
Pet owners/all residents informedabout pet refuse disposal. Society toensure the same.
Ground water usage Ground water sourcesto be used during nonavailability of sufficientsupplies from HMWSSB.
Occupants not allowed
Ground water to be used sparinglyand water conservation measures tobe adopted, society shall educate andimplement among residents.
Society holds the responsibility of
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EnvironmentalIssues/Impacts
Enhancement/Mitigation Measures Management Action
to sink bore wells. bore wells in the campus.Water ConservationMeasures
Water conservationmeasures to be adoptedto reduce resourceconsumption.
Society to educate the residents andprovide a book let of measures toreduce water consumption.
Loss of productive soil Plot owners to beeducated aboutimportance greening toavoid loss of productivesoil.
Society to educate the residents.
Solid Wastes Solid waste/garbage tobe collected in greenand blue dustbins. Thegreen bin to be filledwith Biodegradablekitchen waste, while theblue dustbin to be filledwith recyclable wastelike glass, plastic, papersetc.
The biodegradablewastes to be removedeveryday while therecyclable wastes to beremoved once a weekfrom each residence.
The dustbins along thestreets to be emptiedonce a day by thesociety and or itsrepresentative NGO.
Solid waste/garbage tobe picked by society orits representative NGO.
Transporting thegarbage to segregationpoint by NGO.
Local body authoritiesshall transport thewastes to dump yard atJawaharnagar or otherdesignated location.
The sludge from the STPmay be used as manure
The project authorities to makearrangements with the Localauthority.
The society shall educate thesegregation of wastes
The society shall ensure the transferof wastes to the segregation point.
Society shall interact with the localbody and implement themanagement plan updated if any.
The project authorities must identifythe users for STP sludge andauthorised recyclers for hazardouswastes and inform the society forimplementation.
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EnvironmentalIssues/Impacts
Enhancement/Mitigation Measures Management Action
for greening program isdisposed to farmers.
The used oils and usedbatteries, and usedtransformer oils shouldbe sent to authorisedrecyclers.
Consumption of naturalresource
The major naturalresource consumedduring occupation stageis ground water duringin sufficient availabilityof water from HMWSSB.
Consumption of natural resourcesshall be optimised by education andconservation measures by theSociety.
Noise Levels Noise levels due totraffic, and otherlivelihood activity willincrease in the area andthe mitigation measuresof construction andGreening will reduce thesame.
Noise levels from DGsets to be mitigated bythe provision of acousticenclosures.
Noise levels duringfestivals and othercommunity functions.
The project authorities shall ensurethat the material of construction shalluse best sound transmission classmaterials to ensure that the soundlevels with in the residence are withinthe prescribed limits for residentialareas.
Avenue plantation should becompleted before the occupationstage to ensure that the noise levelsare mitigated.
The project authorities must ensurethe provision of acoustic enclosuresto the DG sets.The society must ensure that the
noise from public address systems ifany during festivals should follow theguidelines of police and local body.Society must educate the residentsabout the noise level mitigationmeasures suggested by variousagencies during festivals.
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EnvironmentalIssues/Impacts
Enhancement/Mitigation Measures Management Action
Traffic Volumes andparking facilities
Traffic volumes willincrease over a period oftime and put pressure onthe infrastructure.
Subsequent increase inair pollution loads on theproject site and itssurroundings.
Provision of car parkingfacilities in the residentialareas over and above theprescribed number.
Provision of Parking atcommon amenities likeclub house, residentialareas.
Traffic and road safetysignals to be provided.
The colony roads shall not be made athoroughfare and the projectauthorities shall ensure the same bydeclaring the project a gatedcommunity.
The project authorities must ensurepublic transport bus stations in theimmediate vicinity of the site and themaximum distance from the residenceand the bus stand should be less than 1km.
The society should educate andencourage public transport by road,MMTS by rail and car pool systems byproviding incentives like awards etc.
Parking facility should not be convertedinto living space/commercial space bythe residents and the society mustensure the same during the occupationstage.
The project authorities must providethe traffic and road safety signals in theproject. Two way mirrors must beprovided at blind corners.
Flora The impacts on flora aredue to air pollution fromexhaust of vehicles tobe mitigated by thechoice of species.
The flora of the siteshall increase with thegreening program in thecentral greenarea/totlots and otheropen spaces.
The flora of the siteshall increase with thegreening plans for thehouses.
The impacts on thesurrounding area faunawill be minimal and yetthe residents toparticipate actively in
The Project authorities to ensuregreening the central open space andavenue plantation.
Horticulturists to assist the residentsin identifying the plant species withan objective of reducing the energycosts and mitigating the urban heatisland effect.
The society should participate inurban greening programs of GHMCand Municipality actively.
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EnvironmentalIssues/Impacts
Enhancement/Mitigation Measures Management Action
community greening ofthe surroundings.
Fauna/pets Pet refuse should beremoved and dumped inthe dustbins only andshould not be allowedinto storm water drains.
The society must educate theresidents and ensure the same.
Energy Conservation The white goods usedby the residents shouldhave optimum energyconsumption.
Usage of Compactfluorescent lamps incommon areas, parkareas and in theresidences.
The project authorities shall installCFLs in all common areas and greenareas.
The society shall collect anddisseminate information regardingthe household white goods and theirenergy efficiency.
Fire Safety Apartments shall beprovided with fire safetymeasures as per the firesafety regulations.
The project authorities must providethe measures and obtain the NOCfrom the Director general of firesafety.
5.5 IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTSThe responsibility of implementing the mitigation measures lies with M/s RaghuramInfra during design and construction stages while the responsibility lies with thecooperative owner’s society and the Shankharpally authorities during occupation stage.All construction activities taken up by the project authorities will be supervised by theSupervision Consultant (SC). Implementation schedule will be worked for phase wiseimplementation of the mitigation measures after completion of detailed designs. In thepre-construction phase of the project the supervision consultants shall review the EMPto identify environmental and social issues and arrive at a suitable strategy forimplementation. The activities to be carried out and the target dates will be worked outafter completion of detailed designs.
5.6 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENINGThe management of M/s Raghuram Infra will evaluate the organizational structure withrespect to inadequacies in implementing the environment management plans. Thehousing project is typical as the responsibility of management lies with theowners/residents during occupation stage. The owners form a cooperativesociety/association to manage the utilities and common areas in a normal case. Thecommon areas, electrical supply, street lighting, open space of central green will betaken over and managed by the local body and TRANSCO. The role of residents islimited to being stakeholders with little say in the day-to-day matters; this issue mustbe addressed by the town planning agencies and the government.The Environment Management Plan envisages on-site monitoring of constructionactivities for environmental pollution and will involve collection of samples and their
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subsequent analysis. For this purpose two chemists would be required especially whenthe implementation of the two phases goes on simultaneously. Induction of two moreassistant engineers, one each for the biophysical and social environment will also benecessary.
5.7 TRAININGThe existing supervising staff and the additional staff have to be trained to effectivelycarry out.
Co-ordinate, with supervision consultants and contractors on compliancemonitoring of mitigation measures during construction phase.
Monitoring of environmental components in the operation stage; Co-ordinate with concerned departments on environmental issues; Environmental impact studies for future housing projects; Liase with State and Government of India on fiscal policies to reduce
environmental pollution from housing activity.
5.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
5.8.1 IntroductionThe environmental monitoring programme provides such information on whichmanagement decision may be taken during construction and occupation phases. Itprovides basis for evaluating the efficiency of mitigation and enhancement measuresand suggest further actions that need to be taken to achieve the desired effect.The monitoring includes:
(i) Visual observations;(ii) Selection of environmental parameters at specific locations;(iii) Sampling and regular testing of these parameters.
5.8.2 ObjectivesThe objectives of the environmental monitoring programme are:
Evaluation of the efficiency of mitigation and enhancement measures; Updating of the actions and impacts of baseline data; Adoption of additional mitigation measures if the present measures are
insufficient; Generating the data, which may be incorporated in environmental
management plan in future projects.
5.8.3 MethodologyMonitoring methodology covers the following key aspects:
Components to be monitored; Parameters for monitoring of the above components; Monitoring frequency; Monitoring standards; Responsibilities for monitoring; Direct responsibility, Overall responsibility; Monitoring costs.
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Environmental monitoring of the parameters involved and the threshold limits specifiedare discussed below.
5.8.4 Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) MonitoringAmbient air quality parameters recommended for road transportation developmentsare Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX),Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)and Lead (Pb). These are to be monitored at designated locationsstarting from the commencement of construction activity. Data should be generatedover three days at all identified locations in accordance to the National Ambient AirQuality Standards (Table 5.2) location, duration and the pollution parameters to bemonitored and the responsible institutional arrangements are detailed out in theEnvironmental Monitoring Plan.
Table 5.2 National Ambient Air Quality StandardsS. No Pollutant Time
Source:Anon 1996-97, National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Series NAQMS/a/1996-97, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi.
*Average Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken for a week24 hourly at uniform interval.
**24 hourly/5 hourly values should meet 95percent of the time in a year
5.8.5 Water Quality MonitoringThe physical and chemical parameters recommended for analysis of water qualityrelevant to road development projects are pH, total solids, total dissolved solids, totalsuspended solids, oil and grease, COD, chloride, lead, zinc and cadmium. The location,duration and the pollution parameters to be monitored and the responsibleinstitutional arrangements are detailed in the Environmental Monitoring Plan. Themonitoring of the water quality is to be carried out at all identified locations in
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accordance to the Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification – IS 10500: 1991(stated in table 5.3)
Table 5.3 Indian Standard Drinking Water Specifications – IS: 10500:1991
SlNo
Substance orCharacteristics
Requirement
(Desirable Limit)
Undesirable EffectOutside the
Desirable Limit
Perm
issi
ble
Lim
it in
the
Abse
nce
ofAl
tern
ate
Sour
ceMethods ofTest (Ref.
To IS)Remarks
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS
1 Colour, Hazenunits, Max.
5 Above 5, consumeracceptancedecreases
25 3025 (Part 4)1953
Extended to 25 onlyif toxic substancesare not suspected, inabsence of alternatesources
2 Odour Unobjectionable
- - 3025 (Parts5):1954
a) Test cold andwhen heatedb) Test at severaldilutions
3 Taste Agreeable
- - 3025 (Part 7and 5)1954
Test to be conductedonly after safety hasbeen established
4 Turbidity NTU,Max.
5 Above 5, consumeracceptancedecreases
10 3025 (Part 10)1954
-
5 pH Value 6.5 to5.5
Beyond this range,the water willaffect the mucousmembrane and/orwater supplysystem
Norelaxati
on
3025 (Part 11)1954
-
6 Totalhardness (asCaCO3) mg/l,Max
300 Encrustation inwater supplystructure andadverse effects ondomestic use
Source: Indian Standard Drinking Water Specification-IS10500:1991
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5.8.6 Noise Level MonitoringThe measurements for monitoring noise levels would be carried out at all designatedlocations in accordance to the Ambient Noise Standards formulated by Central PollutionControl Board (CPCB) in 1959 (refer) Sound pressure levels would be monitored ontwenty-four hour basis. Noise should be recorded at a “A” weighted frequency using a“slow time response mode” of the measuring instrument. The location, duration andthe noise pollution parameters to be monitored and the responsible institutionalarrangements are detailed in the Environmental Monitoring Plan (table 5.5)
Table 5.4 Noise level standards (CPCB)
Type Noise level for DayTime Leq dB(A)
Noise level forNight Time dB(A)
Industrial area 75 70Commercial area 65 55Residential area 55 45Silence zone 50 40Day time - 6.00 am - 9.00 pm (15 hours)Night time - 9.00 pm - 6.00 am (9 hours)
The monitoring plan along with the environmental parameters and the time frame ispresented in the table5.5 environmental monitoring plan
To thesatisfac-tion ofthe M/sRaghuramInfraand thestan-dardsgiven inthereporting form.
AtStoragearea andcon-structioncamps
Quarterly intheconstructionstage.
SupervisionEngineer/consultant
M/sRaghuram Infra
5.9 Reporting systemReporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensurequality of the works and that the program is on schedule. The rationale for a reportingsystem is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of theEnvironment Management Plan get implemented in the project.The reporting system will operate linearly with the contractor who is at the lowest rungof the implementation system reporting to the Supervision Consultant, who in turnshall report to the M/s Raghuram Infra.
All reporting by the contractor and Supervision Consultant shall be on a quarterly basis.M/s Raghuram Infra shall be responsible for preparing targets for each of the identifiedEMAP activities. All subsequent reporting by the contractor shall be monitored as per
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these targets set by the M/s Raghuram Infra before the contractors move on to thesite. The reporting by the Contractor will be a monthly report like report of progress onconstruction and will form the basis for monitoring by the M/s Raghuram Infra eitherby its own Environmental Cell or the Environmental Specialist hired by the SupervisionConsultant.
Monitoring of facilities at construction camps Monitoring of air, noise, soil and water parameters including silt load Monitoring of survival rate of plantation. Monitoring of cleaning of drains and water bodies.
5.10 Environmental management budgetThe environmental budget for the various environmental management measuresproposed in the EMP is detailed in table 5.6 There are several other environmentalissues that have been addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs forwhich has been accounted for in the Engineering Costs. Moreover, since environmentalenhancements have not been finalized at this stage, the table projects the typical costsaspect wise and the detailed cost estimate is presented in Annexure A.
Table 5.6 Environmental Budgets for Proposed Project
S.NO. Description
Capital cost in Rs. Lakhs Recurring cost in Rs. Lakhs
ConstructionPhase
OccupationPhase
ConstructionPhase
OccupationPhase
1 Air PollutionControl 15.01 -- 0.73 5.53
2WaterPollutionControl
35.62 -- 3.04 10.00
3 Noise PollutionControl 1.11 -- 0.58 0.26
4EnvironmentalMonitoring &Management
0.21 2.00 0.40 3.00
5Green belt &Open areadevelopment
6.78 1.36 0.30 3.60
6 Solid Waste 2.51 0.25 0.65 1.76
7 Others 51.01 -- 1.65 3.36
Total 112.25 3.61 7.34 27.50
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5.11 Horticultural and Landscaping Works
(a) ScopeThe Horticultural and Landscaping works may be entrusted to a contractor. It wouldgenerate local employment if the plantation, upkeep and maintenance of the green beltwere entrusted to local VSS bodies. Detailed drawings and designs of landscaping willbe drawn after completion of the detailed designing. The following precautions mustbe taken while undertaking horticulture and landscaping works. The project will havegreenery by way of avenue plantation and central green. The scheme of plantation andthe figures are presented in mitigation chapter. The upkeep and the management ofthe greening are presented as follows:
b) Materials
Plant Materials
Plant Materials shall be well formed and shaped true to type, and free from disease,insects and defects such as knots, sun-scaled, windburn, injuries, abrasion ordisfigurement.All plant materials shall be healthy, sound, vigorous, free from plant diseases, insectspests, of their eggs, and shall have healthy, well-developed root systems. All plants shallbe hardy under climatic conditions similar to those in the locally of the project. Plantssupplied shall to confirm to the names listed on both the plan and the plant list. Noplant material will be accepted if branches are damaged or broken. All material must beprotected from the sun and weather until planted.
Any nursery stock shall have been inspected and approved by the EnvironmentalSpecialist or the Engineer.
All plants shall conform to the requirements specified in the plant list. Except thatplants larger then specified may be used if approved, but use of such plants shall notincrease the contract price. If the use of the larger plant is approved, the spread ofroots or ball of earth shall be increased in proportion to the size of plant.Deliver plants with legible identification labels.
Top Soil (Good Earth)
Topsoil or good earth shall be a friable loam, typical of cultivated topsoils of the localitycontaining at least 2% of decayed organic matter (humus). It shall be taken from a well-drained arable site. It shall be free of subsoil, stones, earth skids, sticks, roots or anyother objectionable extraneous matter or debris. It shall contain no toxic material. Notopsoil shall be delivered in a muddy condition. It shall have pH value ranging between6 and 5.5.
Fertiliser
Measurement of sludge shall be in stacks, with 5% reduction for payment. It shall befree from extraneous matter, harmful bacteria insects or chemicals. (Subjected tosafety norms).
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Root System
The root system shall be conducive to successful transplantation. While necessary, theroot-ball shall be preserved by support with Hessian or other suitable material. On soilswhere retention of a good ball is not possible, the roots should be suitably protected insuch a way that the roots are not damaged.
(c) Supply and SubstitutionUpon submission of evidence that certain materials including plant materials are notavailable at time of contract, the contractor shall be permitted to substitute with anequitable adjustment of price. All substitutions shall be of the nearest equivalentspecies and variety to the original specified and shall be subjected to the approval ofthe Landscape Architect.
(d) PackagingPackaging shall be adequate for the protection of the plants and such as to avoidheating or drying out.
(e) MarkingEach specimen of tree and shrub, or each bundle, shall be legibly labelled with thefollowing particulars:
Its name. The name of the supplier, unless otherwise agreed. The date of dispatch from the nursery.
(f) Tree PlantingPlants and Shrubs
Trees should be supplied with adequate protection as approved. After delivery, ifplanting is not to be carried out immediately, balled plants should be placed back toback and the ball covered with sand to prevent drying out. Bare rooted plants can beheeled in by placing the roots in prepared trench and covering them with earth, whichshould be watered into, avoid air pockets round the roots. Trees and shrubs shall beplanted as shown in architectural drawings and with approval of site supervisionengineer.
Digging of Pits
Tree pits shall be dug a minimum of three weeks prior to backfilling. The pits shall be120 cm in diameter and 120 cm deep. While digging the pits, the topsoil up to a depthof 30 cm may be kept aside, if found good (depending upon site conditions), and mixedwith the rest of the soil.If the side of the below, it shall be replaced with the soil mixture as specified furtherherein. If the soil is normal it shall be mixed with manure; river sand shall be added tothe soil if it is heavy.
The bottom of the pit shall be forked to break up the subsoil.
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Back Filling
The soil back filled watered through and gently pressed down, a day previous toplanting, to make sure that it may not further settle down after planting. The soil shallbe pressed down firmly by treading it down, leaving a shallow depression all round forwatering.
Planting
No tree pits shall be dug until final tree position has been pegged out for approval. Careshall be taken that the plant sapling when planted is not be buried deeper than in thenursery, or in the pot. Planting should not be carried out in waterlogged soil. Planttrees at the original soil depth; soil marks on the stem is an indication of this and shouldbe maintained on the finished level, allowing for setting of the soil after planting. Allplastic and other imperishable containers should be removed before planting. Anybroken or damage roots should be cut back to sound growth.
The bottom of the planting pit should be covered with 50mm to 75mm of soil. Bareroots should be spread evenly in the planting pit; and small mound in the centre of thepits on which the roots are placed will aid on even spread. Soil should be placed aroundthe roots, gently shaking the tree to allow the soil particles to shift into the root systemto ensure close contact with all roots and prevent air pockets. Back fill soil should befirmed as filling proceeds, layer by layer, care being taken to avoid damaging the roots,as follows:
The balance earth shall be filled in a mixture of 1:3 (1 part sludge to 3 part earth byvolume) with 50 gm potash, (Mop) 50gms of Super Phosphate and 1Kg. Neem oil cake.Aldrin or equivalent shall be applied every 15 days in a mixture of 5ml in 5 litres ofwater.
Staking
Newly planted trees must be held firmly although not rigidly by staking to prevent apocket forming around the stem and newly formed fibrous roots being broken bymechanical pulling as the tree rocks.
Methods:The main methods of staking shall be:
(a) A single vertical shake, 900mm longer than the clear stem of the tree,driven 600mm to 900mm into the soil.
(b) Two stakes as above driven firmly on either side of the tree with across bar to which the stem is attached. Suitable for bare- rooted orBall material.
(c) A single stake driven in at an angle at 45 degrees and leaning towardsthe prevailing wind, the stem just below the lowest branch beingattached to the stake. Suitable for small bare- rooted or Ball material
(d) For plant material 3m to 4.5m high with a single stem a three- wireadjustable guy system may be used in exposed situations.
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The end of stake should be pointed and the lower 1m to 1.2m should be coated with anon-injurious wood preservative allowing at least 150mm above ground level.
Tying
Each tree should be firmly secured to the stake so as to prevent excessive movement.Abrasion must be avoided by using a buffer, rubber or Hessian, between the tree andstake. The tree should be secured at a point just below its lowest branch, and also justabove ground level; normally two ties should be used for tree. These should beadjusted or replaced to allow for growth.Watering
The Landscape Contractor should allow for the adequate watering in of all newlyplanted trees and shrubs immediately after planting and he shall during the followinggrowing season, keep the plant material well watered.
Fertilising
Fertilising shall be carried out by application in rotation of the following fertilisers, every15 days from the beginning of the monsoon till the end of winter:
(1) Sludge or organic well-rotted dry farm yard manure: 0.05 cum ortussle.
All shrubs, which are supplied pot grown, shall be well soaked prior to planting.Watering in and subsequent frequent watering of summer planted container- grownplants is essential.
(g) Shrub Planting In Planter BedsAll areas to be planted with shrubs shall be excavated, trenched to a depth of 750 mm,refilling the excavated earth after breaking clods and mixing with sludge in ratio 5:1 (5parts of stacked volume of earth after reduction by 20%: 1 part of stacked volume ofsludge after reduction by 5%.)
Tall shrubs may need staking, which shall be provided if approved by the contractingconsulting engineer, depending upon the conditions of individual plant specimen.
For planting shrubs and ground cover shrubs in planters, good earth shall be mixed withsludge in the proportion as above and filled in planters.
Positions of planters shall be planted should be marked out in accordance with thearchitectural drawing. When shrubs are set out, precautions should be taken to preventroots drying. Planting holes 40 cm in diameter, and 40 cm deep should be excavated forlonger shrubs. Polythene and other non-perishable containers should be removed andany badly damaged roots carefully pruned. The shrubs should then be set in holes sothat the soil level, after settlement, will be original soil mark on the stem of the shrub.
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The holes should be back filled to half of its depth and firmed by treading. Theremainder of the soil can then be returned and again firmed by treading.
(h) GrassingPreparation
During period prior to planting the ground shall be maintained free from weeds.Grading and final weeding of the area shall be completed at least three weeks prior tothe actual sowing. Regular watering shall be continued until sowing by dividing the areainto portions of approximately 5m squares by constructing small bunds to retain water.These 'bunds' shall be levelled just prior to sowing of grass plants; it shall be ensuredthat the soil has completely settled.
Soil
The soil itself shall be ensured to the satisfaction of Landscape Architect to be a goodfibrous loam, rich in humus.
Sowing the grass roots
Grass roots (cynodon, dectylon or a local genus approved by the Landscape Architect)shall be obtained from a grass patch, seen and approved before hand.
The grass roots stock received at site shall be manually cleared of all weeds and watersprayed over the same after keeping the stock in place protected from sun and drywinds.
Grass stock received at site may be stored for a maximum of three days. In casegrassing for some areas is scheduled for a later date fresh stock of grass roots shall beordered and obtained.
Execution
Small roots shall be dibbled about 5 cm apart into the prepared grounds. Grass willonly be accepted as reaching practical completion when germination has provedsatisfactory and all weeds have been removed.
Maintenance
As soon as the grass is approximately a 3cm high it shall be rolled with a light woodenroller – in fine, dry weather – and when it has grown to 5 to 5 cm, above to groundweeds must be removed and regular cutting with the scythe and rolling must be begun.A top-dressing of an ounce of guano to the square yard or well decomposed wellbroken sludge manure shall be applied when the grass is sufficiently secure in theground to bear the mowing machine, the blades must be raised an inch above thenormal level for the first two or three cuttings. That is to say, the grass should be cut sothat it is from 4 to 5 cm in length, instead of the 3 cm necessary for mature grass.
In the absence of rain, in the monsoon, the lawn shall be watered every ten daysheavily, soaking the soil through to a depth of at least 20 cm.
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Damage failure or dying back of grass due to neglect of watering especially for seedingout of normal season shall be the responsibility of the contractor. Any shrinkage belowthe specified levels during the contract or defect liability period shall be rectified at thecontractor's expense. The Contractor is to exercise care in the use of rotary cultivatorand mowing machines to reduce to a minimum the hazards of flying stones andbrickbats. All rotary mowing machines are to be fitted with safety guards.
Rolling
A light roller shall be used periodically, taking care that the area is not too wet andsodden.
Edging
These shall be kept neat and must be cut regularly with the edging shears.
Fertilising
The area shall be fed once in a month with liquid manure prepared by dissolving 45gmsof ammonium sulphate in 5 litres of water.
Watering
Water shall be applied at least once in three days during dry weather. Wateringwhenever done should be thorough and should wet the soil at least up to a depth of20 cm.
Weeding
Prior to regular mowing the contractor shall carefully remove rank and unsightly weeds.
Cultivating
The Landscape Contractor shall maintain all planted areas within Landscape contractboundaries for one year until the area is handed over in whole or in phases.Maintenance shall include replacement of dead plants, watering, weeding, cultivating,control of insects, fungus and other diseases by means of spraying with an approvedinsecticide or fungicide, pruning, and other horticulture operations necessary for propergrowth of the plants and for keeping the landscape sub-contract area neat inappearance.
Pruning and Repairs
Upon completion of planting work of the landscape sub-contract all trees should bepruned and all injuries repaired where necessary. The amount of pruning shall belimited to the necessary to remove dead or injured twigs and branches and tocompensate for the loss of roots and the result of the transplanting operations. Pruningshall be done in such a manner as not to change the natural habit or special shape oftrees.
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Tree Guards
Where the tree guards are necessary, care should be taken to ensure that they do notimpede natural movement or restrict growth. Circular iron tree guards shall be providedfor the trees at enhancement locations. The specifications for which one given below:
Circular Iron Tree Guard with Bars. The tree guard shall be 50 cm. in diameter.
The tree guards shall be formed of (i) 3 Nos. 25x25x3mm angle iron verticals 2.00m longexcluding splayed outward at lower end up to an extent of 10 cms. (ii) 3 Nos. 25x25mmMS flat rings fixed as per design (iii) 15 Nos. 1.55 metres long 6mm dia bars. Each ringshall be in two parts in the ratio of 1:2 and their ends shall be turned in radially for alength of 4 cm at which they are bolted together with 5mm dia and 30mm long MSbolts and nuts.
The vertical angle irons shall be welded to rings along the circumference with electricplant 15 Nos. bars shall be welded to rings at equal spacing along the circumference ofring. The lower end of the angle iron verticals shall be splayed outwards up to an extentof 10cm. The lower end of the flat of lower ring shall be at a height of 45cm. and upperend of the flat of top ring shall be at the height of 2.00 metres. The middle ring shall bein the centre of top and lower ring. The bars shall be welded to rings as shown in thedrawing. The entire tree guard shall be given two coats of paint of approved brand andof required shade over a priming coat of ready mixed primer of approved brand.
(j) Nursery StackPlanting should be carried out as soon as possible after reaching the site. Whereplanting must be a necessity and/or be delayed, care should be taken to protect theplants from pilfering or damage from people animals. Plants with bare-roots should beheeled- in as soon as received or otherwise protected from drying out, and others setclosely together and protected from the wind. If planting is to be delayed for more thana week, packaged plants should be unpacked, the bundles opened up and each group ofplants heeled in separately and clearly labelled. If for any reason the surface of theroots becomes dry the roots should be thoroughly soaked before planting.
(k) Protective FencingAccording to local environment, shrubs shall be protected adequately from vandalismuntil established.
(l) CompletionOn completion, the ground shall be formed over and left tidy.
5.12 Water Conservation MeasuresWater conservation measures must be adopted during the occupation stage that
would conserve the natural resource and also reduce the pressure on other users.Typical lists of water conservation measures are presented as follows;
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Water Saving MeasuresThere are a number of ways to save water, and they all start with you.
1) Check your sprinkler system frequently and adjust sprinklers so only your lawn iswatered and sidewalk, or street.
2) Avoid planting turf in areas that are hard to water such as steep inclines andisolated strips along sidewalks and driveways.
3) Install covers on pools and check for leaks around your pumps.
4) Use the garbage disposal less often.
5) Plant during rainy season and or winter when the watering requirements are lower.
6) Check your water meter and bill to track your water usage.
7) Always water during the early morning hours, when temperatures are cooler, tominimize evaporation.
8) Wash your produce in the sink or a pan that is partially filled with water instead ofrunning water from the tap.
9) Use a layer of organic mulch around plants to reduce evaporation and savehundreds of liters of water a year.
10) Use a broom instead of a hose to clean your driveway and sidewalk and save up to300 liters of water every time.
11) Collect the water you use for rinsing produce and reuse it to water houseplants.
12) Water your lawn in several short sessions rather than one long one. This will allowthe water to be better absorbed.
13) We’re more likely to notice leaky faucets indoors, but don’t forget to check outdoorfaucets, pipes, and hoses for leaks.
14) Only water your lawn when needed. You can tell this by simply walking across yourlawn. If you leave footprints, it’s time to water.
15) When you shop for a new appliance, keep in mind that one offering severaldifferent cycles will be more water and energy-efficient.
16) Install low-volume toilets.
17) When you clean your fish tank, use the water you’ve drained on your plants. Thewater is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, providing you with a free and effectivefertilizer.
18) Water small areas of grass by hand to avoid waste.
19) Put food coloring in your toilet tank. If it seeps into the toilet bowl, you have a leak.It's easy to fix, and you can save more than 2250 liters a month.
20) Use porous materials for walkways and patios to keep water in your yard andprevent wasteful runoff.
21) Instead of using a hose or a sink to get rid of paints, motor oil, and pesticides,dispose of them properly by recycling or sending them to a hazardous waste site.
22) Install a rain shut-off device on your automatic sprinklers to eliminate unnecessarywatering.
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23) Choose water-efficient drip irrigation for your trees, shrubs, and flowers. Wateringroots is very effective, be careful not to over water.
24) Grab a wrench and fix that leaky faucet. It’s simple, inexpensive, and can save 525liters a week.
25) Cut back on the amount of grass in your yard by planting shrubs and ground coveror landscaping with rock.
5.13Energy Efficiency Measures in a Typical Household
5.13.1 Hot Water
Repair leaky faucets. Reduce the temperature setting of your water heater to warm (500 C). Add an insulating blanket to your water heater. Install low-flow showerheads. Wash clothes in warm or cold water using the appropriate water level setting for
the load. Replace water heater, when needed, with an energy efficient model.
5.13.2 Major Appliances and Other Appliances
Maintain refrigerator at 2 to 50 C and freezer section at –15 0 C.
Maintain stand-alone freezer at 0 F.
Choose a refrigerator/freezer with automatic moisture control.
Use toaster ovens or microwave ovens for cooking small meals.
Adjust the flame on gas cooking appliances so it’s blue, not yellow.
Replace a gas-cooking appliance with a unit with an automatic, electric ignitionsystem.
Run the dishwasher only with a full load of dishes.
Air dry dishes in a dishwasher.
Shut down home computers when not in use.
Select appliances (i.e., curling irons, coffee pots, irons) with time limited shut offswitches.
Replace aging major appliances, TVs and VCRs when needed, with energyefficient models. Replacing a 1970s refrigerator with an energy efficiencyrefrigerator. This can save over 2,000 kWh per year. This will also reduce carbondioxide emissions by over 2,000 pounds every year.
Increase Air Conditioner thermostat by 3 degrees F. This can save over 900 kWhper year, annually and over 900 pounds of carbon dioxide each year. Dependingon the size of your home, you can save 3% on your cooling costs for every degreeyou raise your thermostat in the summer. Raising the thermostat from 73 to 75 Fdegrees can reduce cooling costs by 15%.
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Make sure your air conditioner is the proper size for the area you are cooling. Anair conditioner that is too large will use more electricity than needed; an airconditioner that is too small will have to work harder to cool a space. Therecommended Air conditioners based on the room size are as follows:
Area To Be Cooled (sq. ft.) Capacity (BTU/HR)100 to 150 5,000150 to 250 6,000250 to 300 7,000300 to 350 5,000350 to 400 9,000400 to 450 10,000450 to 550 12,000500 to 700 14,000700 to 1,000 15,000
Only run the washing machine, dryer, and dishwasher when you have full loads.Cool only the rooms you use and utilize fans when the temperature is moderate.
5.13.3 Lighting
Turn off lights when not in use.
Use task lighting whenever possible instead of brightly lighting an entire room.
Install compact fluorescent lamps in the fixtures which receive high use.
Replace the five most frequently used incandescent light bulbs with compactfluorescent bulbs. This will save over 500 kWh per year, and over 500 pounds ofCO2.
Electricity Savings, and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Avoided For ImplementingEfficiency and Conservation Measures in One Household
Household Measure
Electricitysaved for one
household(kWh/yr)
CO2 avoided in for onehousehold (Kg/yr)
Replace a 1970s refrigerator w/a newENERGY EFFICIENT refrigerator
Electricity Savings: Incandescent vs. Compact Fluorescent LightsThe following table shows the result of replacing one incandescent bulb with a compactfluorescent bulb in one household.
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Bulb Type 60 wattincandescent
11 watt compactfluorescent
Savings Over OneYears By
Replacing BulbPurchase Price Rs. 25 Rs. 50Life of the Bulb 750 hours 10,000 hoursNumber of HoursBurned per Day
4 hours 4 hours
Number of BulbsNeeded About 2 over 1 years 1 over 6.5 years
Lumens 1,690 1,500Total Cost of Bulbs Rs. 50 Rs. 50Total energy used over 1years
57.6 kWh perhousehold
60 w (4 hrs/day)(365days/year)(1 years) = 57600watt-hours or57.6kWh
16.06 kWh perhousehold
11 w (4hrs/day)(365days/year)(1 years) = 16060watts-hours or16.06kWh
Total NOx emissionsover 1 years (avgemission rate: 1.9lbs/MWh or 0.0019lbs/kWh)
0.075kg perhousehold
57.6 kWh (.0019lbs/kWh) = 0.166 lbs
0.014 kg perhousehold
16.06 kWh(.0019 lbs/kWh)= 0.0305 lbs
0.061 kg perhousehold
It is proposed to provide CFL units in the common areas, bathrooms, and central greenarea to conserve electricity by the project authorities. The average usage of 4 CFLs ineach dwelling, and the total energy savings from the project and the overall reductionin pollutants is presented in the following table;
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5.14 Risk Assessment and Disaster ManagementConstruction sites in general do not handle toxic and or hazardous chemicals in largequantities, and the usage of the same is temporary for specific tasks. However theconstruction activity has a number of hazards resulting injuries and fatalities, and arenot reported widely due to the unorganized nature of construction professions. Theproposed project shall ensure the safety of workers and equipment to reduce andmitigate hazards. The hazards and mitigation measures due to various constructionactivities, and hazards to specific professions of construction are discussed as follows;
Site planning and layoutSite planning is essential to ensure safety and health of workers, in urban work siteswhich have space constraints. Site planning shall reduce and or help avoiding accidentsdue to collision of men with material and equipment etc. It is essential to plan thesequence of construction operations, access for workers on and around the site withsignage, location of work shops for welding, carpentary etc., location of first air facility,adequate lighting for work areas, site security by provision of fence or barricades,arrangements to keep the site tidy and for collection and removal of wastes.
Site tidinessAll the construction workers are briefed about the importance of keeping the site tidy,by clearing the rubbish and scrap at the end of the day, to keep the work area clear ofequipment and material, by depositing the waste in a designated location, by cleaningup spills of materials.
ExcavationExcavation for foundation and trenches involves removal of soil and rock. Excavation ortrenching plan shall consider underground services if any. The hazards related toexcavation are face collapse and injury or burial of workers by soil and rock, fall and slipof people in excavated pits and trenches, and injury to workers due to falling materialor equipment. The precautions to be taken are protection of excavation faces bysupport material, erection of shoring along trenches.Urban areas have building properties adjacent to the developing site, in such cases it isnecessary to shore the face of adjacent property to avoid fall or collapse of neighboringland or wall. Vehicular movement surrounding the excavated area needs to berestricted so as to avoid face collapse, and possible injury to workers. Excavation areasshall be provided with adequate lighting.
ScaffoldingOne of the important and serious safety risk in construction activity is fall of personfrom a height and fall of materials and objects from height resulting in injury toworkers. Scaffold is a supporting structure connecting two are more platforms used foreither storage of materials or as a work place. Guard rails and toe boards shall beprovided at every place where the height of scaffolding is more than 2 m. It shall beensured that scaffold is anchored and tied to the building, it is not overloaded with menand material, it is examined (both bamboo or wood and rope) frequently for infectionby insects, and that timber, if used, is not painted.
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LaddersLadders are most commonly used equipment, as it is readily available and inexpensive,and is used widely. However the limitations of ladders are overlooked resulting ininjuries and fatalities. Ladders have limitations; allows only one person to work, climb,and carry materials or work with one hand, restricts movement, should be secured allthe time either using ropes or other people. It is essential to secure the ladder beforeuse. The safe use of ladder involves; ensuring that there are no overhead power lines,ladder extends at least one meter above the landing place, never use props to extendthe height of ladder, facing the ladder while climbing or descending, making sure footware of ladder user is free of mud and grease, not to over balance or over reach andusing a hoist line instead of carrying materials.
Steel ErectionSteel erection of building frames requires construction work at heights and in exposedpositions. However planning at the design stage, setting the sequence of operations,supervising during construction, and usage of personal protective equipment like safetybelts in addition to provision of safety nets, anchorage points etc.
Confined SpacesConstruction work in confined spaces like open manholes, sewers, trenches, pipes,ducts etc. may have dangerous atmosphere due to lack of oxygen or due to presence offlammable or toxic gases. Work confined space is always conducted under supervision,with adequate safety measures like; checking the atmosphere in confined space beforeentry, provision of rescue harness to everyone, involvement of minimum of twopersons – one person for monitoring and ready for rescuing if needed, provision ofsafety equipment like atmospheric testing device, safety harness, torch light, first aidequipment, fire fighting apparatus, and resuscitation equipment.
VehiclesThe construction area shall have multiples of vehicles moving material within the siteand from outside the site. The most common causes of onsite traffic incidents are; baddriving technique, carelessness, carrying unauthorized passengers, poor maintenance ofvehicles, site congestion, overloading, and uneven ground and debris. It is proposed toensure that all drivers have appropriate driving license, routes are planned, marked andleveled, enlisting additional workers during reversing, switching off the engine duringidling, and periodic maintenance schedule for all vehicles.
Movement of materials – Cranes and HoistsCranes and hoists are used for movement of materials within the site. The operators ofthese machines are qualified and the cabins will have a signal chart to understand thesignals given by site workers. The site workers are trained in signals for transmitting tothe operators of these machines. Stability of these machines and overloading aremajor concerns while operating these machines, hence it is necessary to avoidoverloading, and to ensure structural stability of these machines before use. Thecranes will have safety hooks, and the workers are trained in using the same, andcriticality of the hook. In case of hoists, it will be ensured that a gate is provided at each
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platform, travel of passengers is avoided, and platforms are always aligned with landingpoints.
Lifting and CarryingConstruction work involves a lot of manual labour resulting in stress and injury to theworkers. It is proposed to provide wheel burrows, trolleys etc., to avoid manualcarrying of materials. In situations where manual lifting of materials is needed, theworkers are trained in safety related to correct lifting technique, throwing technique inaddition to provision of personal protective equipment.
Working positions tools and equipmentThere is an increased reliance of tools and equipment in the construction industry in thepast 15 years resulting in reduced risk of physical exhaustion. However the equipment,working positions in using the equipment have its own hazards, which need to beavoided to reduce risks like musculoskeletal disorders. It will be ensured that workerspreferably work in sitting posture with necessary tools handy, to avoid physicalexertion, the right tools are provided, and carrying tools in pockets avoided, and wornout tools are replaced in time. In case of power driven tools, the dangerous part of themachinery is always covered, the tool is never left in operation when not in use, andpower is switched off immediately in case of any incident, to avoid physical injury toworkers.
Working EnvironmentMany chemical substances like adhesives, cleaning agents, floor treatments, fungicides,cements, grouts, insulants, sealants, paints, solvents etc. Solvents are criticalsubstances which require due attention as they are flammable and or toxic in few cases.The usage of these chemical substances is always ensured to follow the instructionsmentioned by the manufacturers. Solvents will not be used for removal of paints andgrease from skin. Personal protective equipment is provided by the proponent and orthe contractor and the site safety executive shall ensure the same. Construction sitesare also major sources of noise resulting in hearing impairment. Hence it will beensured that all emission sources are provided with mufflers or silencers, motors arecovered, machinery panels are secured and are not allowed to rattle, and noiseattenuating screens are provided to segregate noisy working areas, in addition toprovision of personal protective equipment. Gloves are used when using Vibrationcausing equipment. Adequate lighting is provided in work areas to mitigate hazards.
Health Hazards on Construction SitesConstruction works involve various trades with variable times of operation.Construction operations have a number of potential hazardous operations and resultingin health hazards to workers. Exposure differs from trade to trade, from job to job, bythe day, even by the hour. Exposure to any one hazard is typically intermittent and ofshort duration, but is likely to reoccur. A worker may not only encounter hazardsrelated to his profession, but also encounters hazards related to other professions inthe vicinity. This pattern of exposure is a consequence of having many employers withjobs of relatively short duration and working alongside workers in other trades thatgenerate other hazards. The hazard severity is contingent on concentration and
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duration of exposure in a specific construction work. A list of hazards present forworkers in various trades is presented in table 5.7.
Table 5.7 List of hazards present for workers in various tradesOccupations Hazards
Brick masons Cement dermatitis, awkwardpostures, heavy loads
Stonemasons Cement dermatitis, awkward postures, heavy loadsHard tile setters Vapour from bonding agents, dermatitis, awkward
posturesCarpenters Wood dust, heavy loads, repetitive motionDrywall installers Plaster dust, walking on stilts, heavy loads, awkward
posturesElectricians Heavy metals in solder fumes, awkward posture,
heavy loads, asbestos dustElectrical power installers andrepairers
Heavy metals in solder fumes, heavy loads, asbestosdust
Painters Solvent vapours, toxic metals in pigments, paintadditives
Paperhangers Vapours from glue, awkward posturesPlasterers Dermatitis, awkward posturesPlumbers Fumes and particles, welding fumesPipefitters Fumes and particles, welding fumes, asbestos dustCarpet layers Knee trauma, awkward postures, glue and glue
vapourSoft tile installers Bonding agentsConcrete and terrazzofinishers
Construction HazardsHazards for construction workers are typically of four classes: chemical, physical,biological and social.
Chemical hazardsChemical hazards are mainly due to inhalation of dusts, fumes, mists, vapours or gases,although some airborne hazards may settle on and be absorbed through the intact skin(e.g., pesticides and some organic solvents). Chemical hazards also occur in liquid orsemi-liquid state (e.g., glues or adhesives, tar) or as powders (e.g., dry cement). Skincontact with chemicals in this state can occur in addition to possible inhalation of thevapor resulting in systemic poisoning or contact dermatitis. Chemicals might also beingested with food or water, or might be inhaled by smoking.
Several illnesses have been linked to the construction trades, among them: Silicosisamong sand blasters and rock drill operators; Asbestosis (and other diseases caused byasbestos) among asbestos insulation workers, steam pipe fitters, building demolitionworkers and others; Bronchitis among welders, Skin allergies among masons and otherswho work with cement: Neurologic disorders among painters and others exposed toorganic solvents.
Physical hazardsPhysical hazards are present in every construction project. These hazards include noise,heat and cold, radiation, vibration and barometric pressure. Construction work oftenmust be done in extreme weather conditions. The usage of machines for constructionis resulting in noise. The sources of noise are engines of all kinds (e.g., on vehicles, aircompressors and cranes), winches, paint guns, pneumatic hammers, power saws,sanders, planers and many more. It affects not only the person operating the machine,but all the workers close-by. This may not only cause noise-induced hearing loss, butalso may mask other sounds that are important for communication and forsafety.Pneumatic hammers, many hand tools and earth-moving and other large mobilemachines also subject workers to segmental and whole-body vibration.Heat and coldhazards arise primarily because a large portion of construction work is conducted whileexposed to the weather, the principal source of heat and cold hazards. Heavyequipment operators may sit beside a hot engine and work in an enclosed cab withwindows and without ventilation. Those that work in an open cab with no roof have noprotection from the sun. A shortage of potable water or shade contributes to heat
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stress as well. The principal sources of non-ionizing ultraviolet (UV) radiation are thesun and electric arc welding. Lasers are becoming more common and may cause injury,especially to the eyes, if the beam is intercepted.Strains and sprains are among themost common injuries among construction workers. These, and many chronicallydisabling musculoskeletal disorders (such as tendinitis, carpal tunnel syndrome and low-back pain) occur as a result of either traumatic injury, repetitive forceful movements,awkward postures or overexertion. Falls due to unstable footing, unguarded holes andslips off scaffolding and ladders are very common.
Biological hazardsBiological hazards are presented by exposure to infectious micro-organisms, to toxicsubstances of biological origin or animal attacks. Excavation workers, for example, candevelop histoplasmosis, an infection of the lung caused by a common soil fungus. Sincethere is constant change in the composition of the labour force on any one project,individual workers come in contact with other workers and, as a consequence, maybecome infected with contagious diseases-influenza or tuberculosis, for example.Workers may also be at risk of malaria disease if work is conducted in areas wherethese organisms and their insect vectors are prevalent.
Social hazardsEmployment in construction sector is intermittent, and control over many aspects ofemployment is limited because construction activity is dependent on many factors overwhich construction workers have no control, such as the state of an economy or theweather. Because of the same factors, there can be intense pressure to become moreproductive. Since the workforce is constantly changing, and with it the hours andlocation of work, and many projects require living in work camps away from home andfamily, construction workers may lack stable and dependable networks of socialsupport. Features of construction work such as heavy workload, limited control andlimited social support are the very factors associated with increased stress in otherindustries. These hazards are not unique to any trade, but are common to allconstruction workers in one way or another.
Decreasing exposure concentrationThree general types of controls can be used to reduce the concentration ofoccupational hazards. These are, from most to least effective: engineering controls atsource, environmental controls that remove hazard from environment, personalprotection equipment provided to the worker.
Engineering controlsHazards originate at a source. The most efficient way to protect workers from hazards isto change the primary source with some sort of engineering change. For example, a lesshazardous substance can be substituted for one that is more hazardous. Water can besubstituted for organic solvents in paints. Similarly, non-silica abrasives can replacesand in abrasive blasting (also known as sand blasting). Or a process can befundamentally changed, such as by replacing pneumatic hammers with impacthammers that generate less noise and vibration. If sawing or drilling generates harmfuldusts, particulate matter or noise, these processes could be done by shear cutting or
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punching. Technological improvements are reducing the risks of some musculoskeletaland other health problems. Many of the changes are straightforward-for example, atwo-handed screwdriver with a longer handle increases torque on the object andreduces stress on the wrists.
Environmental controlsEnvironmental controls are used to remove a hazardous substance from theenvironment, if the substance is airborne, or to shield the source, if it is a physicalhazard. Provision of flexible Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) may be used. The simpleand effective method for controlling exposure to radiant physical hazards (noise,ultraviolet (UV) radiation from arc welding, infrared radiant (IR) heat from hot objects)is to shield them with some appropriate material. Plywood sheets shield IR and UVradiation, and material that absorbs and reflects sound will provide some protectionfrom noise sources. Major sources of heat stress are weather and hard physical labour.Adverse effects from heat stress can be avoided through reductions in the workload,provision of water and adequate breaks in the shade and, possibly, night work.
Personal protectionWhen engineering controls or changes in work practices do not adequately protectworkers, workers may need to use personal protective equipment (PPE). In order forsuch equipment to be effective, workers must be trained in its use, and the equipmentmust fit properly and be inspected and maintained. Furthermore, if others who are inthe vicinity may be exposed to the hazard, they should either be protected orprevented from entering the area.
Eating and sanitary facilitiesA lack of eating and sanitary facilities may also lead to increased exposures. Often,workers cannot wash before meals and must eat in the work zone, which means theymay inadvertently swallow toxic substances transferred from their hands to food orcigarettes. A lack of changing facilities at a worksite may result in transport ofcontaminants from the workplace to a worker’s home. It is proposed to provideseparate temporary canteen and changing place for employees.
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Annexure - ADetailed Cost Estimate
DescriptionCapital cost in (Rs.Lakhs) Recurring cost in (Rs.Lakhs)
ConstructionPhase
OccupationPhase
ConstructionPhase
OccupationPhase
Air PollutionControl
DG Stack 1.91 0.382Personal protectiveequipments 0.35 0.53 0.16Equipment maintenance 0.50 0.20 0.09Sprinkling of water 12.25 4.90
Total 15.01 0.73 5.53
WaterPollutionControl
Sedimentation tank 0.30 0.09Rain water harvesting pits 3.29 0.47Rain water harvesting sump KL 0.00Sewage treatment plant (KLD) 22.00Temporary Toilets 0.60 0.12Dual Plumbing 9.43 2.36STP maintenance 10.0
Total 35.62 0.00 3.04 10.00Noise
PollutionControl
Personal protectiveequipments 0.35 0.35 0.11Acoustic enclosures 0.76 0.23 0.1528
Total 1.11 0.58 0.26
Environmentalmonitoring
Ambient air quality studies -Once in six months - 2 locations 0.14 0.25
Water quality studies - Once ayear - 2 Locations 0.03 0.08
Noise studies - Once in sixmonths - 2 Locations 0.04 0.08
