Title: The Study on the Application of BIM at the Pre-Design Stage of PublicProjects
Authors: ByungJoo Park, Masters Degree Candidate, Hanyang UniversitySeungKyu Yoo, PhD Candidate, Hanyang UniversityJuHyung Kim, Professor, Hanyang UniversityJaeJun Kim, Professor, Hanyang University
Park, Byung-Joo started CM/CIC laboratory of Architectural Environment Engineering Dept. in Hanyang University in 2011 and the study on the field of architectural construction. During the college, he came to be much interested in the field of foreign construction by various foreign activities, and especially, is deeply interested in the high-rise field that proceeds all over the world and the global construction market. He will study further the integrated management using CM (Construction Management) field that is applicable to the high-rise construction and BIM (Building Information Modeling) and PMIS (Project Management Information System) in the future.
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Around 30% of domestic construction industry is made up of public projects. Public facilities
and buildings etc. are not only directly connected with national life as national assets but also are one of factors that enhance national competitiveness and its status.
Besides, BIM is the integrated information system for construction and is to utilize information that is created during the stages of production process of construction, production structure, project management information, and operation individually or as a group. By upgrading CAD works, it makes it possible for compatibility between programs, and to be compatible between engineering information and project management information, which makes it possible to adjust reasonably the works of various fields such as structural frame and mechanics and electric fields so that it rises as an issue in the global construction business world with confirmation of the reduction effect of construction period and cost. The States or Europe that are the advanced countries in construction already get the benefits such as reduction of budget, shortening of construction period, quality improvement, and communication improvement of a project etc. by applying BIM to the broad construction field. In Korea as well, starting from the award of Young-in civil sports park project contract in 2009 by BIM, it is compulsory to apply BIM to architectural project contracts awarded by public institutions worth of more than 50 billion won since 2013.
This study is aimed to identify the effect on a project when applying BIM at the stage of planning and to suggest a plan to introduce BIM for the public project, especially, through the case of Yong-in Civil Sports Park Project. It was to analyze how the Yong-in Civil Sports Park was established, and to figure out how BIM is utilized and applied when communicating between the period of awarding a contract and a designer. Keywords: Pre-design phase, Building Information Modeling(BIM),
Introduction
The amount of information that is created at a construction project is enormous and the
cooperation for proceeding the project and the work process of each phase are complicatedly related (Kim, Gwang-Cheol 2010). In particular, around 30% of domestic construction industry is made up of public projects, and the management of projects for national policies and industries will be more important than any other thing. Today, BIM (Building Information Modeling) is utilized to improve the efficiency of performance of construction projects and transparency of works focusing on public sector in the global advanced construction market. Currently, in terms of the use of BIM in Korea, the systematic utilization is not made at the phase of planning of a construction project. The phase of planning of a construction project not only prescribes the nature of a project and establishes the direction, but also has a great influence on the subsequent process. This study is intended to figure out the effect by the application of BIM at the phase of planning of a construction project through the case of Yong-in Civil Sports Park that is one of cases that BIM was applied in public projects. The flow of this study is as shown in below. (1)Changes of constructional environment and suggestion of proceeding method of this study (2)The status of BIM application by phases of construction and review of theories for the necessity of BIM
application at the planning phase (3)BIM application and its effect at Yong-in Civil Sports Park project (4)Suggestion of futuristic direction through a paradigm shift to introduce BIM to public projects and
preparation of BIM evaluation indices (5)Conclusion
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(1)Theoretical Review at the Planning Phase The ‘architectural planning’ generally means that the basic plans of many methods that are related
with construction necessary for a project base on many external conditions are reviewed and determined to realize the project target of the project bodies, or the contents of those many methods. It’s located at the initial stage of a project which is at the phase of planning in life cycle of a construction project, and it becomes a guideline for the design in terms of design phases. The planning phase that is the starting phase of a project is not planned without considering the design, construction, management and operation phases, rather the guideline must be included ranging from design to maintenance even in the planning phase, and if the post-design phase comes, the work of the planning phase is not unnecessary but the role of the planning phase would be the adjustment from the comprehensive view in terms of each phase up to the maintenance of facilities.
Various domestic and foreign processes were reviewed to define the works at the planning and design such as MLTM (Minister of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs), AIA (American Institute of Architects), AIQS (The Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors). RICS(The Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors) and so on. Through this, this study defined the design process as「Planning-Design-Basic Design-Execution
Design」 was intended to look into a plan of BIM application by limiting it to the phase of planning among them.
Table 1 Previous Studies of Planning Phase of Construction
Researcher Contents of Research (Definition)
Dong, Jae-Wook, Go,
In-Yong et al. 2006
Defined as a function suggesting a direction of design and a guideline through information collection and analysis necessary for design as well as the analysis of the validity and economic feasibility of a project
Jang, Seong-Jun 2002 From a view of life cycle of a project, it was defined that the phase of planning lies from the beginning of a project to the establishment of guidelines for the phase of design, and experts in many fields related with the planning joined together and made the product of works.
Hershberger 1999 Defined as a phase to establish the target of a project, to collect information and then to deduce the requirements of a facility by reflecting the value of an owner of a building, users, an architect and the society with viewing the planning as the first phase of architectural design process
(2)Theoretical Review of BIM BIM(Building Information Modeling) is a new tool that is utilized in the industrial field of Architecture,
Engineering and Construction(AEC), and is a coined word made by Autodesk to explain “3D, Object-oriented, and CAD specialized in AEC”, and is widely known by Jerry Laiserin as a title to express functions above altogether that many SI companies such as Autodesk, Bentley Systems, Graphic, CAD details etc. offer. BIM stands for Building Information Modeling or Building Information Model and there are various expressions of it such as Virtual Construction or Digital Project Management and so on. However, there is still something controversial regarding whether BIM is a digital tool or a platform or it’s a super ordinate concept to a digital tool or a platform in terms of definition of BIM (Choi, Cheol-Ho 2009), and since it’s in the status that the common term with definition of a term is not yet established, there is a meaningful difference in the definition of BIM by an individual, a company and an institution. Plan to Utilize BIM at the Phase of Planning
‘Korean-type BIM construction task and prospect’ suggested that the development phase of BIM
evolves into BIM with unit function, BIM with work unit, BIM at the phase of A/E, BIM at the phase of A/E/C, and the life cycle BIM on the basis of the result of research on the actual condition of BIM market in Europe, and as the phase of development is getting higher, it must be the life cycle BIM that integrates the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of a building since mutual compatibility and exchange of information between companies expected to be critical. Like this, BIM refers to a process for integrated management of information generated over the process, not a simple information model. In case of the planning phase, basic
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information related with the design phase is generated as a phase that the first information is created for integrated information along with the beginning of this project.
In this way, BIM that supports the planning can be said to have a shape of BIM at the early stage for project management through acquirement, creation, and reuse of information over the life cycle using Program Model that contains information related with an overall project
If the role of BIM is looked into at the planning phase, the work process at the planning phase is variously defined according to features of a project. The work of architectural planning is a process to draw an optimum plan by understanding information altogether related to a project and the role of BIM must be established on this extension. As defined earlier, BIM that supports the phase of architectural planning must be able to reflect the early data related to the planning and the requirements related to a project on the space plan at the early stage. Besides, BIM at the phase of architectural planning that has more of Program Model in the early project evolves into Building Model throughout design, construction and maintenance. The major role of BIM at the phase of architectural planning can be said to support a process to draw optimum space plans reflecting data collection and analysis, requirements of a client and the project.
To utilize BIM for architectural planning that has more of Program Model of a project, preliminary tools that a building object can be materialized through 3D can be classified into a tool for space plan, a tool for massing and sketching, a tool for environmental analysis and a tool for cost estimation as shown in Table 3.
Table 2 Role of BIM at the Phase of Architectural Planning
- Analysis of Site Condition - Survey of Surrounding Environment(Human/Nature) and Analysis - Investigation/Comparison of Existing Similar Buildings - Survey Related to Business Value/Feasibility - - Analysis of Project Cost
Requirements Management
- Due data control - Selection of Many Kinds of Finishing Materials - Maximum Cost of Client - Requirements on Space Scale - Space Composition, Usage of Building - - Management of Due Data
- Space Plan
- Review of Law According to Space Plan - Clarification of Nature of Unit Space of Building - Setting up Physical Size of Building - Extension/Reduction of Building(Complex) - Review of Space According to Requirements of Client - Layout of Building - - Review of Cost According to Space Plan
The Case of BIM Application on Public Project and Its Effect
The public facilities project for the construction of sports facilities, a shopping mall and a hotel around light rail and a station by private investment in Yong-in City that was selected through basic design and bidding by Public Procurement Service is a case of awarding a contract by BIM with turn-key type that project management by BIM was applied from the process of awarding a contract in public sector for the first time in the country.
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Table 3 Overview of Yong-In Civil Sports Park Project
Title Yong-In Civil Sports Park Project
Location San 24-22, Samga-dong, Cheoan-gu, Yong-In City, Gyunggi Province
Region/District Natural Green Area 3-2 Site Area 228,920m2
Gross Area 89,700m2
Floor Approximately 4 stories / 1 underground level
Structure Steel Structure, RC Structure Design Space Group
Structural Design
Chang Minwoo Structural Consultants
(1)Review of Survey Results As a result of 3D modeling with contours and the survey points offered by the survey company, it
was found that data were not accurate. Therefore, a basis of 3D topography started from data of survey results. Since there is considerable difference in the amount of earthworks, and making the planned side when there are errors in surveyed data, it was important to conduct preliminary review, and it was designed by sending the errors of survey back to the survey company so that 3D BIM program can have a great influence on the survey results.
(2)Amount of Earthworks Simulation On the basis of the existing topography, the simulation of earthworks according to a basic plan was
conducted through 3D modeling and it was reviewed to minimize the amount of earthworks through the review of the amount of cutting the ground and embankment according to a basic plan. The checking of the amount of earthworks through BIM could improve the efficiency of a plan since it could check the amount of works according to a consulted plan in real time.
(3)Estimation of Approximate Construction Cost The budget could be reduced by the exact establishment and execution of budget with reduction of
the period of design and construction according to accurate data and automation with the use of BIM for public projects. Especially, the approximate construction cost could be estimated on the basis of the list of each part by extracting lists of main parts such as wall, floor, curtain wall and roof etc., which helped a lot decision-making of a client.
(4)Construction and Communication of Smooth Cooperative System Since it was possible to communicate with BIM cooperation method and to modify data interlocked,
the modified items could be immediately reflected at the cooperation field. Unlike the existing 2D drawings of participants, BIM could promptly respond to the changes of design since when there are some changes in design, the related revised items were immediately reflected on a parametric-based model. In addition, the efficient drawing production was possible since alternatives of many construction methods could be easily compared. Conclusion
In this paper, how BIM is utilized at the phase of planning was looked into on the basis of the
cases of BIM application on public projects. First, the work to minimize the damage of green area and the amount of earthworks was conducted and could be reflected on the basic design with writing the amount of a model for earthworks to site topography and understanding the amount of cutting the ground and embankment accordingly. On the basis of 3D-based drawings, it was not only used as a method for
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communication between the persons involved with public projects but it could be also used as important data to estimate the approximate construction cost. Besides, it was an opportunity to improve the efficiency throughout a project by utilizing data as the essential medium to share up to the follow-up phase, not limited to the phase of planning.
As mentioned earlier, it is compulsory to apply BIM to projects worth more than 50 billion won offered by institutions since 2013 in the country as well. Since it has extensity and flexibility that can’t be compared with limited 2D-based drawings that provide fragmentary information, the utilization of it is expected to be increased by geometric progression. And it is expected to exchange all information on the basis of BIM in the construction industry in the future as well as at the phase of planning and the research is accordingly expected to proceed actively as well. Acknowledgment
This research was supported by a grant (code No.06 Chumdan-eunghapE01) from Virtualmighty Program by Ministry of Construction and Transportation of the Korean Government (MOEHRD)(R05-2004-000-10591-0) Reference Hershberger, R. G. (1999). Architectural programming and predesign manager. New York, McGraw-Hill. Gang, Hyun-Cheol and Lee, Myung-Sik (2007). A Study on the Development of Construction Business
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