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MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 1
Systems Investigation and Analysis
Chapter 12
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 2
Principles and Learning Objectives
• Effective systems development requires a team effort of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel, and it starts with careful planning.
– Identify the key participants in the systems development process and discuss their roles.
– Define the term information systems planning and list several reasons for initiating a systems project.
– Identify important system performance requirements for applications that run on the Internet or a corporate intranet or extranet.
– Discuss three trends that illustrate the impact of enterprise resource planning software packages on systems development.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 3
Principles and Learning Objectives
• Systems development often uses tools to select, implement, and monitor projects, including net present value (NPV), prototyping, rapid application development, CASE tools, and object-oriented development.
– Discuss the key features, advantages, and disadvantages of the traditional, prototyping, rapid application development, and end-user systems development life cycles.
– Identify several factors that influence the success or failure of a systems development project.
– Discuss the use of CASE tools and the object-oriented approach to systems development.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 4
Principles and Learning Objectives
• Systems development starts with investigation and analysis of existing systems.
– State the purpose of systems investigation.
– Discuss the importance of performance and cost objectives.
– State the purpose of systems analysis and discuss some of the tools and techniques used in this phase of systems development.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 5
An Overview of Systems Development
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 6
Participants in Systems Development
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 7
Initiating Systems Development
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 8
Information Systems Planning
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 9
Aligning Corporate and IS Goals
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 10
Developing a Competitive Advantage
• Creative analysis
• Critical analysis– Going beyond automating manual systems– Question assumptions– Identify and resolve conflicting objectives
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 11
Establishing Objectives for Systems Development
• Performance objectives– Output quality or usefulness– Output format quality or usefulness– Speed at which output is produced
• Cost objectives– Development costs– Fixed investments– Ongoing operating costs– Uniqueness costs
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 12
Systems Development and E-Commerce
• Internet technology - enables companies to extend their information systems beyond their boundaries to reach their customers, suppliers, and partners.
• Dynamic Core Business Application that
runs over the Web - must be reliable and fault tolerant, providing continuous availability while processing all transactions accurately.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 13
Trends in Systems Development and ERP
• ERP vendor as one-stop provider• Applications to integrate with ERP systems• External consulting
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 14
Systems Development Life Cycles
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 15
Systems Development Life Cycles
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 16
The Traditional Systems DevelopmentLife Cycle
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 17
Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional SDLC
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 18
Prototyping
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 19
Prototyping
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 20
Advantages and Disadvantages of Prototyping
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 21
Rapid Application Development (RAD)
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 22
Reasons for Outsourcing
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 23
Factors Affecting Systems Development Success
• Degree of Change– Continuous Improvement versus Reengineering– Managing change
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 24
Factors Affecting SystemsDevelopment Success
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 25
Quality and Standards
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The Capability Maturity Model (CMM)
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 27
Project Management
• Project schedule• Project milestone• Project deadline• Critical path
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 28
Use of Project Management Tools
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 29
Use of Project Management Tools
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 30
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools
Automate many of the tasks required in a systems development effort and enforce adherence to the SDLC, thus instilling a high degree of rigor and standardization to the entire systems development process
• Upper-CASE tools - CASE packages that focus on activities associated with the early stages of systems development.
• Lower-CASE tools - focus on the later stages of systems development and are capable of automatically generating structured program code.
• Integrated-CASE tools - provide links between upper- and lower-CASE packages.
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 31
CASE Tools
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 32
Object-Oriented Systems Development
Object-oriented systems development typically involves: • Identifying potential problems and opportunities within the
organization that would be appropriate for the OO approach
• Defining the kind of system users require
• Designing the system
• Programming or modifying modules
• Evaluation by users
• Periodic review and modification
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 33
Systems Investigation
In general, systems investigation attempts to uncover answers to the following questions:
– What primary problems might a new or enhanced system solve?– What opportunities might a new or enhanced system provide?– What new hardware, software, databases, telecommunications,
personnel, or procedures will improve an existing system or are required in a new system?
– What are the potential costs (variable and fixed)?– What are the associated risks?
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 34
Participants in Systems Investigation
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 35
Feasibility Analysis
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 36
Sample Net Present Value Calculation
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 37
Object-Oriented Systems Investigation
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 38
The Systems Investigation Report
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 39
Systems Analysis
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 40
Identifying Sources of Data
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 41
Collecting Data
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Data Analysis
• Data modeling• Activity modeling• Application flowcharts• Grid charts• CASE tools
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Data and Activity Modeling
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 44
Application Flowcharts
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Grid Charts
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Requirements Analysis
• Asking directly• Critical success factors (CSFs)• The IS plan• Screen and report layout
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 47
The IS Plan
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 48
Screen and Report Layout
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 49
Object-Oriented Systems Analysis
MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 50
The Systems Analysis Report
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Summary
• Systems development team - of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel
• Five phases of the traditional SDLC - investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance and review
• Systems investigation participants - stakeholders, users, managers, employees, analysts, and programmers