MTG FCI instrument and services · Benefits just from the FCI... • New channels (0.444 µm and...

EUM/RSP/VWG/18/987973, v1, 17 April 20181

Mounir Lekouara,

Jochen Grandell, Gary Fowler, Denis Fayard

Convection Working Group – Ljubljana April 2018

MTG FCI instrument and services


outlines

•MTG introduction

• FCI instrument

• FCI applications

•RSS channel selection


outlines

•MTG introduction

• FCI instrument




Meteosat Third Generation: Mission

• Primary mission: support nowcasting/ Short Range

Forecasting of high impact weather

• Continuity and enhancement of MSG imagery

• Addition of a new lightning imaging capability

• New, innovative infrared hyper-spectral sounding

• Secondary mission: air quality monitoring over Europe

• Synergy between Sentinel-4, IRS and imagery


MTG-I imaging mission

Imagery mission implemented

by two MTG-I satellites

Full disc imagery every 10

minutes in 16 bands

Fast imagery of Europe every

2.5 minutes

New Lightning Imager (LI)

Start of operations in 2021

Operational exploitation:

2021-2042


MTG-S sounding mission

Hyperspectral infrared

sounding mission

3D weather cube: temperature,

water vapour, O3, every 30

minutes over Europe

Air quality monitoring and

atmospheric chemistry in

synergy with Copernicus

Sentinel-4 instrument

Start of operations in 2023

Operational exploitation:

2023-2042


Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) full operational

configuration

MTG-IRapid Scan Service

MTG-SSounding Service

MTG-IFull Scan Service


EUMETSAT mission planning

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40YEAR...

METEOSAT SECOND GENERATION

METEOSAT THIRD GENERATION

EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM (EPS)

MTG-I-1 : IMAGERY

MTG-S-1: SOUNDING

MTG-I-2: IMAGERY

MTG-I-3: IMAGERY

MTG-S-2: SOUNDING

MTG-I-4: IMAGERY

METOP-SG A: SOUNDING AND IMAGERY

METOP-SG B: MICROWAVE IMAGERY

JASON (HIGH PRECISION OCEAN ALTIMETRY)

COPERNICUS

SENTINEL-3 A/B/C/D

SENTINEL-4 ON MTG-S

SENTINEL-5 ON METOP-SG A

03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40YEAR...

Man

dato

ry P

rog

ram

mes

Op

tio

nal

Pro

gra

mm

es

EUMETSAT POLAR SYSTEM SECOND GENERATION (EPS-SG)

Th

ird

Part

y

Pro

gra

mm

es

METOP-A

METOP-B

METOP-C

METEOSAT-8

METEOSAT-9

METEOSAT-10

METEOSAT-11

JASON-2

JASON-3

SENTINEL-6 (JASON-CS)


outlines

•MTG introduction

• FCI instrument




1=VIS0.6

2=WV6.2

3=IR10.8

12=HRV

From MVIRI through SEVIRI to FCI on MTG

Slide: 10

MVIRI


1=VIS0.6 2=VIS0.8

3=NIR1.6

4=IR3.8 5=WV6.2 6=WV7.3 7=IR8.7

8=IR9.7 9=IR10.8 10=IR12.0 11=IR13.4

12=HRV

Slide: 11


SEVIRI


3=VIS0.6 4=VIS0.8

7=NIR1.6

9=IR3.8 10=WV6.2 11=WV7.3 12=IR8.7

13=IR9.7 14=IR10.5 15=IR12.3 16=IR13.3

1=VIS0.4 2=VIS0.5 5=NIR0.9 6=NIR1.3

8=NIR2.2

Slide: 12

solar

channels

provided in

0.5 km / 1.0 km

resolution

thermal

channels

provided in

1 km / 2 km

resolution


FCI


FCI preliminary SRFs vs SEVIRI FM4

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

λ [µm]

VIS0.4

VIS0.5

VIS0.6

VIS0.8

VIS0.9

SEVIRI VIS0.6

SEVIRI VIS0.8

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

3 5 7 9 11 13 15

λ [µm]

IR3.8WV6.3WV7.3IR8.7IR9.7IR10.5IR12.3IR13.3SEVIRI IR3.9SEVIRI WV6.2SEVIRI WV7.3SEVIRI IR8.7SEVIRI IR9.7

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3

λ [µm]

NIR1.3

NIR1.6

NIR2.2

SEVIRI NIR1.6


Sampling Distance


Sampling Distance


Sampling Distance


Sampling Distance Issues

Have a common reference grid for all these different resolutions!


Spatial resolution and True colour RGB

courtesy D. Rosenfeld, Univ. Jerusalem

True colour RGB 1 km

0.4 0.5 0.6 mm

MODIS 20061124 12:20

Natural colour RGB 3 km

1.6 0.8 0.6 mm

MSG 20061124 12:27

Application:

Weather forecasts for publicQuicklooks for forecasters


Temporal Resolution

Time t t + 15 t + 30 t + 45MSG

Time t t + 10 t + 20 t + 30 t + 40 t + 50

MTG


SEVIRI to FCI Performance Enhancements

SEVIRI• 15 min full disc repeat cycle

• SNR 1.2 to 10.1

• NEdT 0.25 to 1.8K

• IR3.9 up to 335K

• 1.0 km HRV

• 3 km non-HRV

FCI• 10 min full disc repeat cycle

• SNR 12 to 40

• NEdT 0.1 to 0.3K

• IR3.8 up to 450K

• FDHSI:

• 8 x 1 km channels


• HRFI:

• 2 x 0.5 km channels



SEVIRI to FCI Data Collection Differences

SEVIRI

• Continuous E to W scan

• S to N motion between swaths

• Swath width 9km

• Time between points either side of

swath boundary 0.6s

FCI

• Alternate E to W then W to E scans

• S to N motion between swaths

• Swath width 180km (excluding overlap)

• Time between points either side of swath

boundary 0 to 20s max at equator

• Reversal of detector order for yaw flip, but not

scan pattern.


FCI units are being produced

Optical Bench, courtesy EADSBaffles assy, courtesy APCO Structure assy, courtesy EADS

Calibration Mechanism, courtesy SEN

MND, courtesy AMOS

BB, courtesy ABB/MICOS

NIR DA, courtesy SOF

Cooler Assy, courtesy ALAT

VISDA, courtesy E2V/JOP


outlines

•MTG introduction

• FCI instrument




FCI applications – Nowcasting and risk monitoring

• Cloud and moisture (imagery + products)• Convection• Wind• Hurricane/storm intensity• Land surface temperature• Fire• Total Precipitable Water• Rainfall rate• Snow cover• Smoke, dust, volcanic ash• Flooding• Aviation

Slide: 24


Benefits just from the FCI...

• New channels (0.444 µm and 0.51 µm) will support true colour images and permit surpassing current aerosol retrievals especially over land – also an important contribution to air quality monitoring.

• The 0.91 µm channel will provide during daytime total column precipitablewater especially over land surfaces.

• The 1.375 µm channel will improve detection of very thin cirrus clouds not seen by the current system. If not detected, errors are introduced in all clear sky products.

• The 2.26 µm channel will provide the capability for an improved retrieval of cloud microphysics.

• The higher spatial resolution (1 km and 2 km) of the 3.8 µm channel will improve fire detection and, via its extended dynamical range (from 350 K to 450 K), the quality of products.

• To improve the convection detection through the shorter repeat cycle and better spatial resolution.


FCI L2 products HQ (produced by EUMETSAT)

•Atmospheric Motion Vectors•All Sky Radiance•Cloud Mask•Clear Sky Reflectance Map•Cloud Analysis (CTTH, Cloud Type)• Fire•Global Instability Index•Optimal Cloud Analysis• Total Ozone Column•Volcanic Ash


outlines

•MTG introduction

• FCI instrument




One instrument – Two missions

Full DiscHyper-Spectral Imagery

High ResolutionFast Imagery

Spectral 16 channels 4 channels

Repeat cycle 10 min 2.5 min

SSD VNIR SSD IR 1 km 2 km 500 m 1 km

MTF @ Nyquist 0.15 < MTF < 0.3 ~ 0.3

SNR @ r=0.01 VNIR

NEdT @ Tref IR

> 20 > 12 for VIS0.9

0.1-0.3 K1 K for Fire

> 12 0.2 K @IR3.8 & IR10.5

Radiometric accuracy < 5 % < 0.7 K VIS0.6 & NIR2.2

< 10%

IR3.8 & IR10.5

< 1K

Lifetime & Availability 8.5 years & > 96% 8.5 years & > 96%

courtesy ESA



The Flexible Combined Imager (FCI) on Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) can support 2

alternative and distinct missions:

(1) Full Disc (FD) High Spectral Resolution Imagery (FDHSI) in support of the Full Disc Scanning

Service (FDSS), or (2) High Spatial Resolution (HR) Fast Imagery (HRFI) in support of the Rapid

Scanning Service (RSS)

For a given spacecraft, it will be decided to pick one or the other. MTG-I1 is expected to perform FDSS

(although it may be decided otherwise before launch).

What this means for the Space Segment and Level-0 to Level-1 processing:

FDSS: The full Earth disk is acquired, transmitted and processed every 10 minutes

RSS: The Northern quarter disk is acquired, transmitted and processed every 2.5 minutes

The only difference between the two services in practice is the scan law.

29J. Mecikalski



In both FDSS and RSS services, 17 Level-0 channels are acquired and transmitted to ground:

FDVIS0.4 at 1 km

FDVIS0.5 at 1 km

HRVIS0.6 at 0.5 km

FDVIS0.8 at 1 km

FDVIS0.9 at 1 km

FDNIR1.3 at 1 km

FDNIR1.6 at 1 km

HRNIR2.2 at 0.5 km

HRIR3.8 at 1 km (cold channel)

FAIR3.8 at 1 km (warm channel)

FDIR6.3 at 2 km

FDIR7.3 at 2 km

FDIR8.7 at 2 km

FDIR9.7 at 2 km

HRIR10.5 at 1 km

FDIR12.3 at 2 km

FDIR13.3 at 2 km

30J. Mecikalski



In both FDSS and RSS services, 20 Level-1c TOA radiance products are produced by the Level-

0 to Level-1c operational processor (IDPF-I) and archived:

16 FD Level-1c Products:

FDVIS0.4 at 1 km

FDVIS0.5 at 1 km

FDVIS0.6 at 1 km (from HRVIS0.6 MTF-filtered and down-sampled)

FDVIS0.8 at 1 km

FDVIS0.9 at 1 km

FDNIR1.3 at 1 km

FDNIR1.6 at 1 km

FDNIR2.2 at 1 km (from HRNIR2.2 MTF-filtered and down-sampled)

FMIR3.8 at 2 km (from HRIR3.8/FAIR3.8 merged & MTF-filtered and down-sampled)

FDIR6.3 at 2 km

FDIR7.3 at 2 km

FDIR8.7 at 2 km

FDIR9.7 at 2 km

FDIR10.5 at 2 km (from HRIR10.5 MTF-filtered and down-sampled)

FDIR12.3 at 2 km

FDIR13.3 at 2 km

31J. Mecikalski



...and

4 HR Level-1c Products:

HRVIS0.6 at 0.5 km

HRNIR2.2 at 0.5 km

HMIR3.8 at 1 km (from HRIR3.8/FAIR3.8 merged)

HRIR10.5 at 1 km

Note that in a given service, all of the above-mentioned Level-1c products (FD and HR)

have the same spatial coverage and temporal resolution.

32J. Mecikalski



What it means for the baseline Level-1c (our current given mandate)

dissemination to operational users and SAFs (via EUMETCast):

FDSS: Only the 16 FD products are disseminated

RSS: Only the 4 HR products are disseminated

What it means to EUMETSAT in-house Level-2 operational processor (L2PF):

FDSS: Only the 16 FD products are ingested and processed

RSS: No mandate to do anything!

33J. Mecikalski


Level-0 L1c archived L1c disseminated

17 channels16 FD channels Ø

4 HR channels 4 HR channels

RSS mission

2.5 min



Level-0 L1c archived L1c disseminated

17 channels16 FD channels 16 FD channels

4 HR channels Ø

FDSS mission

10 min



FCI dissemination is costly!

• Three products are the main contributors to the EUM dissemination

• FCI represents half of the bandwidth• 4 High Resolution channels (HR) =

16 Normal Resolution (NR) channels

FCI RSS L1 normalchannels (LAC 4)

FCI FDSS L1 normalchannels

IRS L2 Temp WaterVapour - TWV (LAC4)


FCI dissemination is costly!

2 2 2 2

39 39 39

41 41

30

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

MSG after MTG-I1(IOC)

after MTG-S1(POC)

after MTG-I2(FOC)

Budget evolution (in Mbps)

MSG

MTG-I1

MTG-S1

MTG-I2


[EURD] Evolution: proposed L1 dissemination baseline

FCI L1: FDSS and RSS are harmonised with the same 16 channels for both (normal resolution -NR);

Dissemination of High resolution (HR) channels to be re-assessed with experience in-orbit and evolution of technology

IRS L1 timeliness improved from 30mn to 15mn

Previous Level 1 “baselines” existing in //

New unified baseline[MTGDIS]

MilestoneCouncil

approvedSTG, MAG...

CouncilAutumn 2018

FCI FDSS

SatLR (jpeg, 30mn)

16 channels NR

16 channels NR

Ter16 channels

NRnone none

FCI RSS

SatLR (jpeg, 30mn)

4 channels HR 16 channels NR

Ter 4 channels HR none 4 channels HR (TBC)

LISat L1b events none None (only L2)Ter none none none

IRS

Sat none300 PC per

pixel300 PC per pixel

Ter300 PC per

pixelfull radiance

spectrafull radiance spectra (to

global NWP center, if needed)

UVNSat

TBD low resolution

TBD None (only L2)

Ter TBD low resolution

TBD 6+1 products


Conclusion

• The MTG system will become the corner stone of European operational meteorology in GEO orbit.

• MTG will both ensure continuity of MSG and will enable major improvements of services.

• FCI space-segment and ground segment generate more Level-1 products than specified for a given service (FD or RSS).

• Enhanced dissemination of FCI Level-1 products in the RSS service is proposed to EUMETSAT council:• The 16 NR channels disseminated via EUMETCast satellite

• The 4 HR channels disseminated via EUMETCast terrestrial

• The user community needs to prepare for the new MTG opportunities!


Backup slides


SEVIRI to FCI Data Processing Differences

• Essentially the data processing

techniques applied to the SEVIRI

and FCI data are similar, differing

in the precise details of the

algorithms.

• The processing steps that can be

optionally applied to the data will

be flagged in the FCI level 1

dataset auxiliary data, together

with an indication of the success

of the processing.

Level 1a

Processing

Radiometric

Restitution

Rectification

Radiometric

Calibration

Parameters

INR

Parameters

Level 1c Data

Radiometric

Calibration

Image Navigation

and Registration

(INR)

Level 1b Data

Level 0 Data

Geometric Quality

Assessment

(GQA)

Radiometric

Quality

Assessment

(RQA)

· Deep Space

· Black Body

· Metallic Neutral

Density (MND)

· Stars

· Landmarks

· Count to Radiance

· Non-linearity correction

· Detector equalization

· Stray light correction

· MTF adaptation

· Resampling to GEOS

reference grid


FCI Data in netCDF format

SEVIRI data is provided in the so called native format – a binary

representation that whilst compact needs a dedicated knowledge of the

format to decode its content. For the FCI level 1c data netCDF-4

(enhanced data model) was chosen as it has the following features:

• Datasets are self describing

• Copes with large dataset sizes

• Groups allow potential for easier subsetting

The use of channel groups, swath-like data chunk files and the inclusion

of suitable metadata in the archive catalogue will assist in spectral and

geographic subsetting.

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MTG FCI instrument and services · Benefits just from the FCI... • New channels (0.444 µm and...

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